Dielectric Relaxations of Frozen Wheat Doughs Containing Sucrose, NaCl, Ascorbic Acid and Their Mixtures

The effects of sucrose, NaCl, and ascorbic acid on dielectric relaxations of frozen wheat doughs were investigated using dielectric analysis (DEA). All ingredients were dissolved in distilled water used to prepare wheat flour doughs to optimum consistency using a 10 g bowl Micro-Mixer. DEA measurements were made at a heating rate of 1 °C/min from −150 to 10 °C. Before the measurements, samples were equilibrated at −30 °C for 15 min to allow maximum ice formation, and then cooled at 1 °C/min to −150 °C. The frequencies used were 0·1, 0·5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Hz. The dissipation factor (tan δ) of DEA showed an α-relaxation (glass transition), two low temperature relaxations (β and γ) and ice dissolution. Added NaCl had a markedly depressed the glass transition temperature (T_g′) and onset of melting of ice temperature (T_m′), probably because of the higher conductivity of the frozen material, and the decreased transition temperatures of the unfrozen solute phase. At the higher frequencies, the α-relaxation coincided with melting of ice, and all relaxation temperatures (α, β and γ) increased with increasing frequencies.     

Thermal, Dynamic-mechanical, and Dielectric Analysis of Phase and State Transitions ofFrozen Wheat Doughs

The physical state of wheat dough at sub-zero temperatures was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic-mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Dielectric Analysis (DEA). Also, the water sorption properties of freeze-dried dough were investigated. DMA and DEA measurements were made at a heating rate of 1 °C/min from −150 to 10 °C. Before the measurements, samples were equilibrated at −25 °C for 15–20 min to allow maximum ice formation, and then cooled at 1 °C/min to −150 °C. The frequencies used were 0·1, 0·5, 1, 2·5, 5, 10, and 20 Hz for DMA and 0·1, 0·5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Hz for DEA. The DSC thermograms were obtained for annealed samples by scanning from −80 to 20 °C at 5 °C/min, and they showed only ice melting starting at −18 °C. The tan δ of DMA and DEA showed an α-relaxation (glass transition), two low temperature relaxations (β and γ) and melting of ice. At the higher frequencies (>0·5 Hz), the α-relaxation coincided with melting of ice, and all relaxation temperatures (α, β and γ) increased with increasing frequencies as measured by DEA.     

甘肃小麦品种(系)面制品色泽相关基因的分布规律

黄色素含量、多酚氧化酶、脂肪氧化酶和1B/1R易位系对小麦面粉和面团的外观品质影响很大。为明确甘肃省小麦品种(系)面粉色泽相关基因的分布状况,用Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Ta Lox-B1和1B/1R易位系等特异性分子标记鉴定对应的基因。结果表明,甘肃省冬、春小麦品种(系)面制品色泽相关基因等位变异分布频率存在一定差异;Psy-A1 a(68.1%)在被检测小麦品种(系)中为优势的黄色素含量基因等位变异,且在春小麦中的分布频率低于冬小麦;2AL染色体上高PPO活性等位变异Ppo-A1 a,除天水麦区分布频率(58%)较低外,其余麦区的分布频率均较高(72.4%~82.3%);2DL染色体高PPO活性等位变异Ppo-D1 b在春小麦中分布频率较冬小麦低;2AL、2DL染色体PPO活性等位基因组合Ppo-A1 a/Ppo-D1 b(高活性)、PpoA1 a/Ppo-D1 a(中高活性)明显比Ppo-A1 b/Ppo-D1 b(中高活性)和Ppo-A1 b/Ppo-D1 a(低活性)分布频率高;甘肃省小麦品种(系)PPO活性从西部到东南逐渐增强。高活性LOX基因Ta Lox-B1 a分布频率在各麦区均较低;从甘肃省西部到东南部1B/1R易位系分布频率逐渐升高。色泽相关基因分布频率说明,甘肃省小麦品种(系)的优异色泽等位变异分布频率低,色泽品质状况较差,春小麦优于冬小麦。大部分材料仅适宜于加工普通馒头和面条。     

不同供水条件下冬小麦冠气温差、叶片水势和水分亏缺指数的变化及其相互关系

为了给以作物高效灌溉制度提供理论依据,对不同供水条件下冬小麦冠层温度进行了多年田间观测,模拟了以土壤水分条件为主导的冠气温差、叶水势、水分亏缺指数等的变化规律及其对影响因素的响应。结果表明,冬小麦各生育阶段不同供水处理冠层温度(T c)受土壤水分影响明显,处理间冠气温差(ΔT)差异极显著。叶水势(LW P)与ΔT、作物水分胁迫指数(CW S I)相关显著。LW P=-1.8M Pa,CW S I=0.40是指示冬小麦发生水分胁迫的关键性指标。综合各指标,为了达到节水目的,使ΔT维持在0~-4℃,可获得冬小麦产量最优值,此时冬小麦灌溉量下限应使土壤相对含水量达到58.7%。     

内麦系列小麦品种(系)的染色体结构变异分析

为明确内麦系列小麦品种(系)的染色体结构特点,利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hy-bridization,FISH)技术和pTa535、pSc119.2探针对21份内麦系列小麦材料的染色体进行分析.结果显示,5份材料含1RS/1BL易位染色体;探针除3A、7A、2B、3B、4B、2D和4D...     

小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫抗性的鉴定与分析

为了寻找抗吸浆虫的小麦品种或种质材料,采用田间自然鉴定法鉴定了90份小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫的抗性,结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫具有明显的抗性差异。对各种类型的材料分析表明,对麦红吸浆虫表现高抗、中抗、低抗、感虫类型的小麦品种(系)分别占参试品种(系)的4.44%、15.56%、61.11%、18.89%。不同小麦品种(系)具有不同的抗虫性,其单穗虫数、穗被害率、粒被害率、损失率、抗性指数均有较大差异。其中表现高抗的品种(系)有4个,表现中抗的有18个,这些品种(系)可作为抗麦红吸浆虫的主栽和后备品种,或作为亲本材料提供给生产和育种利用。     

土壤相对含水量对冬小麦氮素积累、蛋白质组成和加工品质的影响

为了解土壤相对含水量(SRWC)对冬小麦氮素利用和籽粒品质的影响,在防雨条件下,以高产强筋小麦品种皖麦38为材料,采用测墒补灌的方法,0~40cm土层SRWC在拔节期(J)设置65%、70%和75%3个水平,开花期(A)设65%和70%两个水平,分析了不同处理(分别用J65A65、J65A70、J70A65、J70A70、J75A65、J75A70)间冬小麦氮素积累、蛋白质组成和加工品质的差异。结果表明,在65%~75%范围内,随拔节期SRWC的提高,小麦开花期各器官的氮素积累量显著增加;J70A70处理的成熟期籽粒氮素积累量与J75A65和J75A70处理无显著差异,但显著高于其他处理,且其氮素收获指数最高。开花期SRWC相同时,拔节期SRWC 65%处理较SRWC 70%处理具有较高的贮藏蛋白含量和谷醇比以及较低的可溶性蛋白含量;J65A65处理的籽粒谷蛋白含量、谷醇比和贮藏蛋白占总蛋白的比例显著高于其他处理。与面粉品质和烘烤品质相比,拔节期和开花期SRWC对面团品质的调控效果明显。其中,面团形成时间和稳定时间在拔节期SRWC 65%和70%条件下随开花期SRWC的提高而降低;开花期SRWC相同时,拔节期SRWC 65%处理较SRWC 70%和75%处理提高了面团形成时间、稳定时间、沉降值、面包体积。综合以上结果,J65A65处理提高了籽粒谷蛋白和谷醇比,延长了面团形成时间和稳定时间,增加了面包体积,有利于改善冬小麦加工品质,是最佳的优质节水测墒补灌方案。     

休闲期不同耕作模式对旱地麦田土壤水分、养分及产量的影响

为探索适宜晋南旱地小麦高效生产的耕作模式,以晋麦92为试验材料,设置休闲期深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松、常规耕作(对照)4个耕作模式,研究其对土壤水分及养分、作物生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式较对照休闲末期3m内土壤蓄水量和土壤蓄水效率显著提高,土壤蓄水效率提高达52.5%~91.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;越冬-孕穗期3m内土壤蓄水量提高,且深松/深松模式与对照差异显著;各生育时期单株干物质积累量提高,且越冬-拔节期深松/深松、深松/深翻模式与对照差异显著,孕穗-成熟期各耕作模式与对照差异均显著;穗数、千粒重、产量和水分利用效率显著提高,其中穗数提高22.7%~29.9%,水分利用效率提高15.1%~21.6%,产量提高39.4%~60.3%,以深松/深松模式较好;收获后0~40cm土层土壤有机质平均含量提高2.5%~8.7%,速效磷含量提高11.1%~34.4%,碱解氮含量提高5.1%~20.2%,以深松/深松模式较好。总之,深翻/深翻、深松/深翻、深松/深松模式均能提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,改善养分供应状况,有利于促进小麦干物质积累,最终提高产量和水分利用效率,以深松/深松模式最佳。     

甘肃省26个春小麦品种（系）苗期抗条锈基因分析及成株期抗病性评价

为明确甘肃省部分春小麦品种(系)苗期所含抗条锈基因,选用来自中国、印度等国家的24个具有不同毒性谱的条锈菌单孢菌系,分别接种于26个甘肃春小麦品种(系)及30个已知基因的载体品种上,进行苗期抗条锈病评价,并结合系谱分析推导苗期抗条锈基因.初步分析结果表明,银春8号等19个品种(系)含有Yr1及未知抗病基因,其余品种(系)含有未知抗病基因.成株期在甘肃陇南的田间抗条锈病评价结果显示,定西43可能具有成株抗病性,定E301、定9873、定鉴5、陇春26、陇春24、定西39、临麦30、宁9415具有慢条锈性.聚类分析与基因推导结果基本一致.     

不同土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特征的影响

 采用控制土壤水分含量的盆栽实验,研究了土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特性的影响。结果表明,常规水作累积耗水量显著高于覆膜未淹水处理,但稍低于覆膜淹水处理;覆膜轻度水分胁迫或无胁迫处理不仅能够维持和提高产量,水分利用效率也有所提高。随着土壤水分含量的降低,全生育期水稻累积耗水量、各生育期耗水量及耗水强度逐渐降低,且田间持水量与全生育期累积耗水量呈极显著二次曲线相关。无水分胁迫覆膜处理下拔节孕穗期耗水量及模比系数高于其他生育期,其他处理耗水量和模比系数在乳熟期最高。随着土壤水分含量降低,抽穗开花期前各生育期水稻耗水模比系数有降低趋势,其后则有升高趋势;耗水强度下降;有效穗数和实粒数减少,产量逐渐降低,水分生产率先上升后下降。水稻产量与水分利用率具有显著二次曲线相关性。     

黄淮麦区小麦新品种(系)抗条锈水平与抗病基因分析

了解黄淮麦区近几年小麦育成品种(系)对条锈菌主要流行小种的抗性表现及其抗条锈病基因的分布状况,利用当前流行的条锈菌小种条中32、条中33和条中34,对近年参加审定的150份小麦品种(系)进行苗期分小种鉴定,同时分别在杨凌设置人工接种病圃,在天水和江油设置自然诱发病圃,进行成株期抗条锈性鉴定,并结合 Yr5、 Yr7、 Yr9、 Yr10、 Yr17、 Yr18、 Yr26和YrSP等8个已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记进行分子检测。结果表明,在150份材料中,47份表现为成株期抗性(占31.3%),31份表现为慢锈性(占20.7%),未发现具有全生育期抗锈病材料,其余材料均表现感病;11份材料检测含有 Yr7(占7.3%),104份检测含有 Yr9(占69.3%);13份检测含有 Yr17(占8.7%);10份同时检测到含有 Yr9和 Yr17(占6.7%);3份同时检测到含有 Yr9和 Yr18(占2%);2份同时检测到含有 Yr9、 Yr17和 Yr18(占1.3%),含有 Yr7和 Yr17, Yr7和 Yr9, Yr9和YrSP的材料各1份(占0.7%),未检测到含有 Yr5、 Yr10和 Yr26的材料,可能个别品种携带抗条锈病新基因。以上结果说明,黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)综合抗性较10年前已获得大幅度提高,其抗性主要来自于基因组合,如 Yr17、 Yr18与其他基因组合会增强小麦抗性。部分具有良好抗性的材料的抗性基因有待进一步遗传解析。     

Improving the quality of nutrient-rich Teff (Eragrostis tef) breads by combination of enzymes in straight dough and sourdough breadmaking

The growing interest in the benefits of wholegrain products has resulted in the development of baked products incorporating less utilised and ancient grains such as, millet, quinoa, sorghum and teff. However, addition of wholegrains can have detrimental effects on textural and sensory bread product qualities.Enzymes can be utilised to improve breadmaking performance of wholegrain flours, which do not possess the same visco-elastic properties as refined wheat flour, in order to produce a healthy and consumer acceptable cereal product.The effects of Teff grain on dough and bread quality, selected nutritional properties and the impact of enzymes on physical, textural and sensory properties of straight dough and sourdough Teff breads were investigated.Teff breads were prepared with the replacement of white wheat flour with Teff flour at various levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) using straight dough and sourdough breadmaking. Different combinations of enzymes, including xylanase and amylase (X + A), amylase and glucose oxidase (A + GO), glucose oxidase and xylanase (GO + X), lipase and amylase (L + A) were used to improve the quality of the highest level Teff breads. A number of physical, textural and sensory properties of the finished products were studied. The nutritional value of breads was determined by measuring chemical composition for iron, total antioxidant capacity, protein, fibre and fat. The obtained results were used to estimates intakes of nutrients and to compare them with DRIs.The incorporation of Teff significantly (P < 0.05) improved dietary iron levels as 30% Teff breads contained more than double the amount of iron when compared to corresponding wheat bread (6 mg/100 g v 2 mg/100 g). Addition of Teff also significantly (P < 0.05) improved total antioxidant capacity from 1.4 mM TEAC/100 g to 2.4 mM TEAC/100 g. It was estimated that an average daily allowance of 200 g of Teff enriched bread would contribute to DRIs in the range of 42-81% for iron in females, 72-138% for iron in males; 38-39% for protein in males, 46-48% for protein in females; and 47-50% of fibre in adults.The major challenge was encountered in producing the highest level of Teff bread with good textural and sensory attributes. Increasing the level of Teff significantly (P < 0.05) increased dough development time, degree of softening, crumb firmness and bitter flavour whilst decreasing the dough stability, specific loaf volume and overall acceptability of the bread. Teff breads produced with the addition of enzyme combinations showed significant improvements (P < 0.05) in terms of loaf volume, crumb firmness, crumb structure, flavour and overall acceptability in both straight dough and sourdough breadmaking.     

Determination of the Distribution of Sulphur in Wheat Starchy Endosperm Cells Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) Combined with Isotope Enhancement

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a sensitive, high resolution technique capable of determining the location of elements or ions in a sample down to sub-cellular levels. The distribution of elements or ions are superimposed onto an image of the plant cell or tissue generated by ion-induced secondary electrons, allowing a visual representation of their positions in the sample. The elements are separated by their mass/charge ratios which can lead to a loss of sensitivity when separating signals from elements with very similar masses such as ¹⁶O₂ (31·990 a.m.u.) and³² S (31·972 a.m.u.). The abundance of ³⁴S isotope was, therefore enriched, allowing sulphur to be located at the starch granule/protein interface of the mature wheat grain. This demonstrates that isotopic enrichment can be used to extend the applications of SIMS technology to biological systems.     

低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦新品种(系)产量形成及其群体动态特征差异

为了解低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦产量及群体结构特点,2016-2018年以该区新育成的3个旱地小麦新品种(系)(易2011-1、弥136-7和云麦69)为材料,选取具有代表性的昆明、丽江、德宏3个生态区进行试验,比较分析了不同生态区之间旱地小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖数变化、叶面积动态、旗叶净光合速率、干物质积累等方面的差异。结果表明,三品种(系)产量均表现为丽江德宏昆明,丽江2年平均产量较昆明分别高30.85%、31.97%和31.33%,较德宏分别高12.31%、28.96%和9.39%。丽江的单位面积穗数与昆明差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏;千粒重和穗粒数均表现为德宏丽江昆明,德宏千粒重与昆明差异显著。拔节期至成熟期的群体总茎数在丽江和昆明间差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏。分蘖成穗率在三生态区之间差异不显著。孕穗期至灌浆期的叶面积指数表现为丽江昆明德宏。开花期至花后14 d丽江的旗叶净光合速率低于德宏和昆明,花后21～28 d光合速率则表现为丽江德宏昆明;拔节期群体干物重在生态区间差异较小,孕穗期至成熟期丽江干物质积累较快,干物重显著高于德宏,德宏高于昆明。本试验条件下,丽江的小麦产量最高,群体结构最优。     

冬小麦lncRNA1808调控PPP限速酶（Ta6PGDH）抗寒应答研究

为探索lncRNA1808调控Ta6PGDH应答寒胁迫的机制,以冬小麦品种东农冬麦1号（Dn1）为材料,应用生物信息学分析了lncRNA1808和Ta6PGDH的生物学特性和功能,预测了lncRNA1808-Ta6PGDH互作关系和共表达趋势;应用real-time PCR鉴定小麦分蘖节和叶片的lncRNA1808和Ta6PGDH寒胁迫下表达谱变化。结果显示,lncRNA1808为lncRNA,不具备编码能力,富含稳定的茎环结构;lncRNA1808与Ta6PGDH的启动子序列含多种响应环境因子的顺式作用元件;预测lncRNA1808-Ta6PGDH互作并协同共表达;Dn1分蘖节和叶片的lncRNA1808和Ta6PGDH的表达谱与协同共表达分析一致,表达趋势上调。本研究初步揭示了冬小麦lncRNA1808调控PPP限速酶Ta6PGDH的抗寒应答机制。     

Moisture sorption isotherms, heat of sorption and properties of sorbed water of raw bamboo (Dendrocalamus longispathus) shoots

Moisture sorption isotherms of raw bamboo shoot were determined by static gravimetric technique based on isopiestic transfer of water vapor at 20, 30 and 35 °C. Inorganic saturated salt solutions in the range of 11.2-97.2% were used to create the required controlled humidity environment in a closed chamber. In the study, the sorption isotherms obtained were of sigmoid shape and of BET II type classification. Out of three sorption models i.e., BET, Caurie and GAB, fitted to the experimental data, Caurie model was found superior in interpreting the moisture sorption characteristics of bamboo shoot at three temperatures. The monolayer moisture content M_m as estimated by the best fitted Caurie's model for the sorption processes were 6.012%, 5.801%, 5.014%, and 5.987%, 5.816%, 4.998% (dry basis) at 20, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. The isosteric heats of sorption for both the adsorption and desorption process of bamboo shoots were found to increase with decrease in moisture content suggesting endothermic reaction at lower moisture content and it approached the value of heat of vaporization of free water at higher moisture content.     

不同水氮处理对冬播春小麦产量和水氮利用效率的影响

为探明春麦冬播高产、高效水氮运筹模式,2019-2021年在田间进行两因素三水平裂区试验,灌水量设3 150(W₁)、3 600(W₂)和4 200 m³·hm_-2(W₃)三个水平;施氮量设0(N₀)、135(N₁)和210 kg·hm_-2(N₂)三个水平,研究了9种水、氮处理组合对春小麦品种新春48号0~100 cm土层耗水量、群体叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量及水、氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加灌水量提高了0~40 cm 土层含水量,减少了40～100 cm土层储水消耗量,增加了总耗水量;同一灌水量条件下,施氮量对总耗水量影响不显著;水、氮协同增产效应大于其单因素效应,增加滴水量或氮肥量均增加小麦群体叶面积指数、总光合势和干物质积累量,水分利用效率（1.12～1.23 kg·m^-3）和氮肥农学利用效率（7.58～11.17 kg·kg_-1）呈先增后降趋势。水、氮协同增产是叶面积指数、总光合势和干物质积累量提高的结果。北疆春麦冬播适宜的水、氮运筹模式为总灌水量3 600～4 200 m³·hm_-2、总施氮量135～210 kg·hm_-2。     

穗发芽率和发芽指数及STS标记Vp1B3在小麦抗穗发芽基因型鉴定中的应用

为了筛选抗穗发芽品种(系)并了解其抗性机制,应用整穗发芽法和发芽指数鉴定了33份小麦新品系的穗发芽抗性,以红粒品种京冬8号和京9428作为抗穗发芽对照,以白粒品种京411和中优9507作为感穗发芽对照,并结合共显性STS标记Vp1B3对其基因型进行检测.结果表明,穗发芽率(SGR)低于抗性对照京冬8号和京9428平均值(12.7%)的品系有7份,其中2份为白粒,5份为红粒.只有一份红粒品系CA0489的发芽指数(GI)低于抗性对照平均值(13.2%).应用STS标记Vp1B3共扩增出849 bp、569 bp和652 bp三种片段,分别属于抗穗发芽基因型Vp1Bb和Vp1Bc及感穗发芽基因型Vp1Ba,其频率分别为3%、18%和79%.红粒抗穗发芽品系CA0489属于Vp1Bb基因型和红色种皮休眠型,CA0481属于Vp1Bc抗穗发芽基因型,另外三份红粒抗穗发芽品系的抗性机理还需要进一步研究;白粒抗穗发芽品系CA0509和CA0459的抗性为非Vp1B3类型,其抗性可能与穗部性状和颖壳抑制物有关.     

以色列地中海沿岸野生二粒小麦苗期抗条锈性的鉴定与分析

为进一步挖掘新的小麦抗条锈病种质资源基因,利用流行于中国和以色列的4个小麦条锈病生理小种对以色列地中海沿岸相对较湿润的Beit-Oren、Bat-Shelomo以及Givat-Koach地区的野生二粒小麦30个基因型,分别进行了苗期抗条锈性鉴定,并分析其抗锈性差异.结果表明,来源于地中海沿岸3个地区的野生二粒小麦中有7个基因型对不同条锈病生理小种表现出了抗性水平,其中来自于Bat-Shelomo群体的基因型6-22,对国内流行生理小种条中32和以色列流行生理小种5006均表现出了较强的抗性,可作为新抗病基因材料加以研究和利用.     

大豆水提物对四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤小鼠肝脏抗氧化活力的影响

为研究大豆水提物(SWEs)对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用以及对肝脏抗氧化活力的影响。将60只试验小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、SWEs低(50 mg·kg-1),中(100 mg·kg-1),高(150 mg·kg-1)剂量组及阳性对照组(联苯双脂,100 mg·kg-1)。每天灌胃给药1次,连续7 d。末次给药1 h后,除正常对照组外的其余5组采用10%CCl42.0 m L·kg-1剂量一次性腹腔注射,建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型。6 h后摘眼球取血及肝脏,计算各组小鼠的肝指数,比色法测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,及总胆红素(TBIL)和白蛋白(ALB)水平,检测肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。结果表明:模型组小鼠肝重和肝指数、血清ALT和AST活性及TBIL水平、肝组织MDA水平及NOS活性均显著高于对照组;而血清ALB及肝组织GSH水平显著低于对照组。与模型组相比,中、高剂量的SWEs及联苯双脂显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠的肝重和肝指数、血清ALT和AST活性及TBIL水平、肝组织NOS活性和MDA水平,并显著提高血清ALB及肝组织GSH水平。大豆水提物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关。