牛奶掺假及其鉴别

乳品厂与奶农之间在原料奶收购过程中经常会出现一些矛盾和问题。奶农出于自身经济利益的考虑，往往会在牛奶中掺假，而且这种现象有愈演愈烈的趋势，这样既损害了乳品加工企业的利益，同时也侵害了消费者的利益。本文介绍几种常见的牛奶掺假及其鉴别检验方法。一、掺水的鉴别检验１．掺水的动机及危害牛奶是一种不透明的乳白色或略带黄色的液体，易和水融为一体，因此，掺水成为牛奶掺假的一种主要方式。在质量控制工作做得差的地区，奶农交售的牛奶掺水率甚至达１００％。乳品加工企业若收购了这种原料奶，一是牛奶干物质下降影响产品的品…     

Ectopic ureter in a dog: extension from the kidney to the urinary bladder and to the urethra

An ectopic ureter extending to the urinary bladder and to the proximal portion of the urethra was diagnosed in a 6-month-old dog with urinary incontinence. The diagnosis was made by use of excretory urography. The kidney and ureter were removed. When urinary incontinence continued, positive-contrast cystography was performed. The ectopic ureter was found to bypass the bladder via a submucosal extension that emptied into the urethra.     

搞好孵化车间的卫生消毒工作

要想提高种蛋的孵化率,获得健康的雏鸡,除了满足温度、湿度、通风、翻蛋等所必需的孵化条件外,卫生消毒工作也是不容忽视的.通过笔者几年来的工作实践,摸索出一套较完善的孵化车间的卫生消毒程序,供广大孵化工作世员参考:     

Diagnosis and approach to poisoning in the horse.

Poisoning in the horse can present a highly complex case. The practitioner, owner, toxicologist, and pathologist play important roles, and all contribute information that may be important to the case. Once all the information is available, all the evidence is collected (historical, clinical, pathologic, and analytic), and proper sampling of specimens has occurred, a complete summary of the findings can be provided to the client. Based on identification of a potential toxic source and, ultimately, the diagnosis, specific treatment of affected animals and prevention of additional cases can be initiated. Consultation with a veterinary toxicologist aids in the follow-up of a poisoning case and can help to provide a thorough background to assist in preventing reoccurrence.     

Cardiovascular response to exercise and training in the horse

The quality of the overall response to exercise in the horse is very similar to that seen in man and laboratory animals; differences are mainly quantitative and persist when relative body weight is taken into account. The apparently greater flow capacity of the equine muscle bed during maximal whole-body exercise implicates the extent of central circulatory adaptations as the limiting factor in performance but implies a role for increase in arteriolar capacitance/muscle capillarity as an appropriate response to intense endurance training. The blood oxygen-carrying capacity of the horse is often quoted as the major component of the animal's superior aerobic work capacity, although the measured maximal a-vO2 for the horse is only 2 to 3 ml greater than that found in elite athletes. In fact, comparison of published performance data for man and the horse reveals that improved a-vO2 accounts for 23 per cent of the difference, and increased Qc accounts for the remaining 77 per cent of the superior oxygen consumption in the horse. The extent to which the horse can increase Qc and muscle blood flow appears to represent its major adaptations for maximal aerobic performance. It is frequently observed that there have been far greater improvements in human athletic performance than in that of the race-horse, and this difference is usually attributed to the application of scientific training methods to the athlete. It has also been suggested that the horse may have reached the limit of its adaptive ability. The horse has a maximal oxygen pulse of at least 0.6 ml per kg per beat compared with 0.35 for man, a 90 per cent whole body oxygen extraction, and an 80 to 90 per cent higher muscle blood flow, with an overall capability of increasing Vo2 max by 35 times. These represent levels that would appear to be difficult to improve upon. However, insufficient research has been performed to firmly state true maxima for the horse, and current research does not reveal to what extent the horse is capable of responding to even conventional training methods. The relative improvement that such research could reveal would provide some objective guidance to the extent to which further improvement could be anticipated. A consistent finding in the majority of studies reviewed is the tendency for results to show a lack of statistical significance, which is particularly frustrating for a researcher when the trends are consistent with the initial hypotheses. This tendency arises because of small group sizes and inherent variability in the test population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Ultrasonographic and morphological sequelae to repeated testicular biopsies in stallions in relation to the lateral branching of the testicular artery

The objectives of this study were to investigate the sequelae to repeated testicular biopsies in stallions and to determine if arterial injuries can be prevented. This study was part of a larger project focused on the antispermatogenic effects of an oral contraceptive compound, RTI‐4587‐073(l), which was given to 3 mature Miniature horse stallions, while another 3 received a placebo treatment. Testicular biopsies were taken once before treatment and 3 times after treatment. They were obtained from alternating testes, 2 procedures per testis, 2 samples each time, using a 18 gauge split‐needle core biopsy instrument (penetration depth: 22 mm). Colour Doppler ultrasonography was performed prior to the procedure to detect and thus avoid lateral branches of the testicular artery. Testicular parenchyma was evaluated ultrasonographically just before, and 2–6 h, 3 days and weekly after the biopsies were obtained. Changes in testicular volumes and semen parameters were monitored. All stallions were then castrated and the testes were evaluated for any gross pathology. There was no major scrotal swelling or gross haemorrhage after the procedures. Only mild, focal lesions were found in the testicular parenchyma 3 and 7 days after taking the biopsies. Three lateral branches of the testicular arteries were punctured, but there was no evidence of significant bleeding or other complications associated with these injuries. We conclude that repeated testicular biopsies may be taken from stallions without causing major complications, regardless of a presence or absence of the lateral branches of the testicular artery. Furthermore, we conclude that using colour Doppler ultrasonography to detect the lateral branches of the testicular arteries is unreliable; however, puncturing these vessels during a biopsy procedure does not necessarily result in significant haemorrhage.     

农业部2005年秋冬季防控高致病性禽流感应急实施方案

高致病性禽流感是由A型禽流感病毒的高致病力亚型毒株引起的一种急性、高度传染性疾病.禽流感病毒极易发生变异,可能造成病毒在人群中感染和传播.今年以来,国外高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势,国内水禽广泛带毒,病毒污染面广,特别是进入秋冬季以后,候鸟向南迁徙,家禽调运频繁,极易造成疫情传入和暴发.为做好应对秋冬季可能突发的高致病性禽流感疫情,把高致病性禽流感可能带来的影响和损失降到最低限度,根据《国家突发重大动物疫情应急预案》和《全国高致病性禽流感应急预案》规定,特制定本实施方案.     

LHRH and beta-endorphin in the hypothalamus of the ram in relation to photoperiod and reproductive activity

The regional distribution and relative concentrations of LHRH and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus were compared in sexually active and sexually inactive Soay rams. LHRH was localized principally in the medial basal hypothalamus and median eminence with lower concentrations in the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area. beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was also found in highest concentrations in these regions but was more widely distributed into the rostral, dorsal and lateral parts of the hypothalamus. LHRH content in the medial basal hypothalamus was significantly lower in the sexually active rams compared to inactive rams while there was no difference in beta-endorphin immunoreactivity content between the two groups. Gel filtration chromatography of hypothalamic extracts revealed that the beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was due to both beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin; the ratio of beta-endorphin: beta-lipotropin tended to be less in the sexually active rams than in the sexually inactive rams. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that beta-endorphin is a physiologically important endogenous opioid involved in the modulation of LHRH secretion.     

Contribution to the history of the horse domestication and breeding in the Ukraine

The Ukraine is one of the centers of domestication of animals. Many archaeological excavations and chronicles evidence this. The wild horse tarpan was domesticated in Ukraine. There were huge herds of tarpans lived in Ukraine. Tarpans were distinguished for their speed, quality of their hooves (it was very important for the shoeless horses). The last tarpan mare was killed at Ukrainian territory at 1898. In contradistinction to the Eq. Prezewalskii the tarpan was the direct ancestor of the European domesticated horse breeds.     

The occurrence of antibody to Babesia and to the virus of louping-ill in deer in Scotland.

Sera of wild red deer from 16 localities in Scotland were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique for antibody to Babesia and by the haemagglutination inhibition test for antibody to the virus of louping-ill. Babesial antibody was detected in sera from all localities in proportions ranging from 22 to 100 per cent. Antibody to louping-ill virus could not be demonstrated in sera from five of the localities and in the other 11 was found less frequently than was antibody to Babesia. Sera from male and female deer were positive for louping-ill in almost equal proportions whereas the incidence of babesial antibody was significantly lower in females than in mature males. This difference could be explained by the habits of the deer. The variable occurrence of louping-ill antibody suggested that red deer are tangential hosts for the virus.     

提高母猪泌乳性能的生理生化途径

猪的初乳和乳是新生仔猪成活、健康生长和发育的关键。本文介绍了哺乳仔猪的生长潜能以及制约因素 ,猪乳的组成特点和分泌规律。探索了调节和促进母猪乳腺分泌功能、改善乳成分和提高母猪泌乳量的可能途径 ,以利于断奶前仔猪的生长发育和提高养猪效益     

开拓创新努力实现从饲料大省向饲料强省的跨越

１２００２年我省饲料行业发展特点２００２年是入世元年，我省饲料行业根据我国加入WTO的新形势，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，克服了饲料主原料价格波动幅度大，畜禽水产品价格低迷，饲料产品市场竞争更加激烈等困难，总体上保持继续稳步发展的势头。主要特点有：１．１饲料生产能力、饲料产量、产值持续增长一批饲料生产企业经过并购、重组或股份制改造，重新调整生产构架，更新设备扩大生产能力；也有的由于搬迁等原因重新建厂。据统计，２００２年新建时产５～１０t的饲料加工企业共３７家，全省饲料加工年单班生产能力比上年度净增１３５万…     

Susceptibility of fourth-stage Ascaris suum larvae to fenbendazole and to host response in the pig

Fenbendazole given at the rate of 2.5 g/kg of feed for 3 days had 100% efficacy against 4th-stage Ascaris suum larvae in 8 pigs. Eight control pigs had a total of 108 A suum. In 6 pigs infected 3 times with 3rd-stage A suum larvae and treated with fenbendazole after the larvae molted to the 4th stage, the challenge exposure-derived population was decreased by 64%. Similar sequential infections in 6 pigs similarly infected, but not treated with fenbendazole, decreased the challenge exposure-derived population by 98%; however, developing and/or adult worms from the vaccinating infections were present.