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以田间小区试验测定7%双唑草腈·丙草胺·苄嘧磺隆颗粒剂(GR)对机插水稻田杂草防效及其安全性。结果表明,药后35 d, 7%双唑草腈·丙草胺·苄嘧磺隆GR 735、840 g a.i./hm2对机插水稻田稗属杂草、千金子、丁香蓼、鸭舌草、多花水苋、异型莎草的株防效和鲜重防效均高于90%,均高于对照药剂,且对机插水稻安全。水稻机插7 d后,将7%双唑草腈·丙草胺·苄嘧磺隆颗粒剂含量735~840 g a.i./hm2人工撒施,可有效防除机插水稻田杂草,对水稻安全。 相似文献
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自2007年开始,对杂草稻发生情况进行了逐年调查。在调查的基础上,分析了影响杂草稻发生的主要因素,开展了田间危害试验。结果表明,杂草稻已成为江苏省海安县稻田的重要杂草,水稻大田的田块查见率已达70%以上,水稻育秧田的田户查见率近40%。单位面积杂草稻的发生密度表现为直播>抛栽>机插>手栽稻田,非统一供种田>统一供种田,杂草稻的生长势以及对邻近栽培稻株生长的影响表现为混生苗>次生苗。 相似文献
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三种除草剂防除抛秧稻田杂草的效果沈小妹,吴佩华,谢正荣,顾惠良,冯绍南(江苏省昆山市农业局215300)(昆山市陆扬镇农技站)抛秧水稻由于抛插早、苗体小、田间透光率高,且大田整地上水早,前期灌溉水层浅,有利于杂草的萌发和生长,容易形成草害.成了夺取抛... 相似文献
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《杂草科学》2018,(2)
为筛选施用适期宽、适应性广、安全高效的除草剂新品种,通过大田示范验证47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂在江苏省沭阳县水稻旱直播田、机插秧田、手插秧田适期适量施用对杂草的防效及对水稻的安全性。结果表明,47%异隆·丙·氯吡可湿性粉剂在旱直播水稻播后苗前或立针期以2 100 g/hm~2喷雾处理、在机插秧水稻移栽3 d前以1 050 g/hm~2粗喷雾法处理结合移栽7 d后以1 050 g/hm~2毒肥法处理、在手插秧水稻移栽6 d后以1 050 g/hm~2毒土法处理对江苏省沭阳县稻田稗属杂草、马唐、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效均高于91%,且对水稻安全。 相似文献
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烯啶虫胺在水稻和稻田环境中的残留及消解动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定了烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、水稻植株和糙米样品中的消解动态及最终残留。田水样品用二氯甲烷萃取;土壤样品用水提取后经二氯甲烷萃取;水稻植株和糙米样品依次用水、丙酮提取,提取液经液液萃取及柱层析净化;HPLC-UVD检测。当烯啶虫胺在田水和土壤中的添加水平为0.1~5 mg/L和0.1~5 mg/kg,在植株和糙米中的添加水平为0.2~5 mg/kg时,其平均添加回收率在77.2% ~100.3%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD)在1.9% ~12.9%之间。烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、植株和糙米中方法的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1 mg/L和0.1、0.2、0.2 mg/kg,检出限(LOD)分别为0.04 mg/L和0.04、0.08、0.08 mg/kg。温室模拟消解动态试验结果显示,以推荐使用高剂量的20倍(有效成分1 500 g/hm2) 施药,烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤以及水稻植株中的消解动态规律均符合一级动力学方程,其半衰期分别为0.58、3.31及2.70 d,消解速率较快。最终残留试验表明,于大田分蘖期按推荐使用高剂量的1.5倍(有效成分112.5 g/hm2)分别施药3次和4次,间隔期为7 d,距最后一次施药7 d后采样,糙米中烯啶虫胺的残留量均低于LOD值(0.08 mg/kg)及日本规定的最大残留限量(MRL)值(0.5 mg/kg)。 相似文献
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对广东省将推广的54份杂交稻组合对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗病性进行了鉴定。对稻瘟病的抗病性鉴定表明:抗病组合共49个,占90.7%;其中,高抗(抗性比≥91%)组合30个,占55.6%。对稻白叶枯病的抗病性鉴定表明:没有高抗(HR)和抗(R)的组合,仅有一个杂交稻组合(西胜2175)表现为中抗(mR),仅占1.9%,其余53个组合都表现感病,占98.1%。进一步分析表明:对稻瘟病表现高抗的30个杂交稻组合都不抗白叶枯病,而中抗白叶枯病的杂交稻组合西胜2175对稻瘟病表现为中抗,抗性比为74%。 相似文献
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直播稻田自生稻的识别与防除 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水稻直播具有省水、省田、省工、节本的优点,加之直播稻推迟了水稻播期,可以避开灰飞虱迁移高峰,减轻灰飞虱及其传播的条纹叶枯病的发生为害,深受广大稻农喜爱. 相似文献
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The four main wild rice species are: Oryza rufipogon Griff, embracing a wide range of “red rice” types closely related to O. sativa L.; O. longistaminata Chev. & Roehr, a rhizomatous perennial; O. barthii Chev. the annual wild rice of West Africa; and O. punctata Kotschy ex Steud, a small seeded annual. The distribution and importance of these species are discussed in relation to the different systems of rice growing. Annual wild rice problems are favoured by dry sowing followed by flooding. For cultural control, soil puddling and direct sowing into water are recommended. In a series of pot experiments with O. punctata and rice, 18 herbicides were shown to be at least partially selective, including: alachlor, butachlor, S-4-chlorobenzyl diethyldithiocarbamate (B-3015), 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyloxymethyl)-4-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan (WL 29226), 3-(α α-dimethylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1-phenylurea (K 1441), isoproturon, metamitron, molinate and perfluidone. B-3015 was the most selective of these but the selectivity of alachlor and molinate could be greatly increased and became comparable to B-3015 when the crop seed was dressed with the protectant 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA). Other herbicides for which NA provided a protective effect were: butachlor, metolachlor (CGA 24705), epronaz, ethofumesate, perfluidone and 4,4,4-trichloro-2-phenylbut-1-ene (Dowco 221). 相似文献
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稻田施用氯氟吡氧乙酸后其在水稻植株、糙米、稻壳、土壤和田水中的残留消解动态 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了稻田施用氯氟吡氧乙酸后,其在水稻植株、糙米、稻壳、稻田土壤和田水中的残留动态。样品采用氢氧化钠-甲醇溶液振荡提取,二氯甲烷液液分配,甲酯化后经气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定。结果表明:氯氟吡氧乙酸在水稻植株、稻田土壤、田水、糙米和稻壳中的平均 回收率在85.5% ~103.2%之间,相对标准偏差在1.9% ~9.9%之间;其最小检出量为2.0×10-12g, 在植株、糙米、稻壳、土壤和田水中的最低检测浓度分别为 0.005,0.02,0.005,0.002 mg/kg 和0.001 mg/L。2007和2008年在安徽潜山、广东广州两地的田间残留试验结果表明:氯氟吡氧乙酸在水稻植株中的降解半衰期为4.9 ~6.0 d,土壤中为5.5 ~8.6 d,田水中为11.0~13.8 d;收获的糙米中氯氟吡氧乙酸的最终残留量在未检出~0.13 mg/kg之间,均低于其在糙米上的最大残留限量(MRL)值0.2 mg/kg(中国)。建议5%氯氟吡氧乙酸可湿性粉剂用于防治水稻田杂草时,施药剂量按有效成分计不得超过168.8 g/hm2,于返青期施药1次。 相似文献
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杂草稻与栽培稻叶片生长的竞争性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
杂草稻造成栽培稻产量的损失主要表现为叶片间的相互竞争。争夺空间、争夺光照矛盾突出。杂草稻主茎叶片多于栽培稻,最大叶片长于栽培稻,最大叶片宽于栽培稻,叶片披散,形似杂交稻叶。如果在667 m2旱直播稻田接种2.5 kg粳性杂草稻籽,栽培稻上部全被杂草稻稻叶覆盖,栽培稻植株瘦黄、弱小,茎、蘖逐步退化消亡,造成基本绝产。 相似文献
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通过2a 4季大田对比试验,初步研究了水稻施用控释肥对纹枯病和稻飞虱的抑制作用及增产效应.结果表明,控释肥对水稻纹枯病的防治效果最高达36.04%,平均为28.07%;对稻飞虱的虫口减退率最高达39.48%,平均为23.50%.经t检验,二者均达极显著水平,但它仅属于农业防治范畴,不能完全替代药剂防治. 相似文献
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TRAN DANG XUAN EIJI TSUZUKI HIROYUKI TERAO MITSUHIRO MATSUO TRAN DANG KHANH SEIICHI MURAYAMA NGUYEN HUU HONG 《Weed Biology and Management》2003,3(2):137-144
Two alfalfa varieties, namely Rasen and Yuba , and rice by-products of Koshihikari ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Japonica ), including hull and bran were used for weed control in rice. Rasen and Yuba were sequentially evaluated to have the strongest allelopathic potential among eight common alfalfa varieties in Japan. Rasen , Yuba and rice by-products in a laboratory experiment exhibited suppression of emergence of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.), and monochoria ( Monochoria vaginalis Presl var. plantaginea Solms-Laub.). In a paddy field experiment, at 15 days after application, a dose of 1 ton ha−1 of alfalfa, rice by-products and the incorporated alfalfa-rice by-products significantly inhibited weed growth and reduced weed species, except for rice bran. However, at 40 days after application, the greatest weed control was sequentially recorded with Yuba (95.2%), Rasen (90.5%) and the incorporated Rasen -hull (88.3%). Rice hull exhibited stronger (51.7%) weed control than the negligible weed control of rice bran (25.1%). Inhibition of both Rasen and Yuba on weed emergence after application became more vigorous, whereas those of rice by-products were gradually devitalized. Rasen had a maximum increase of rice yield (80.6%) compared to the control and it was slightly higher (9.6%) than the herbicide treatment. Findings showed that Rasen was the most promising material for weed control among those studied. Results denoted that weed control capability of allelopathic materials had an impetuous effect on rice growth and yield. 相似文献