Razor blade shear method for evaluating duck breast meat and tendon texture

Ducks are a small but important portion of the US poultry industry, and are a much larger proportion of the poultry markets in other countries. More duck meat fillet products enter the further processing market, yet few studies have been conducted on meat quality characteristics. Therefore, this project was conducted to determine the effects of sex, bird size, and marination treatment on breast (pectoralis major) fillet weight, cook yield, and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear values. Razor shear was also used to isolate connective tissue in the breast meat that is typically responsible for consumer complaints regarding toughness. Ducks were identified at 1 d of age for sex, processed at 35 d of age in a commercial facility, and carcasses were categorized as small (1.6 kg), medium (2.0 kg), or large (2.5 kg). Breast fillets (120, 20 each from 2 sexes and 3 sizes) were divided and 60 were marinated using vacuum tumbling whereas 60 were left unmarinated. All of the fillets were then weighed, cooked, and reweighed to determine cook yield. Razor shear was conducted on 2 areas within each fillet and another 2 razor shear measurements were taken on each fillet directly through the connective tissue near the wing insertion. A section of each fillet was then removed for a 2-slice WB shear. Carcass size from small to large corresponded to an increase in raw fillet weight. Fillets from males required more razor shear force than fillets from females. Marination improved cook yield and reduced both the WB shear values and the razor shear values for the meat and the tendon. The razor shear method was effective at measuring both duck meat texture and tendon toughness.     

品种和部位对鸭肉肉质的影响

选择番鸭、樱桃谷鸭和高邮鸭等3个品种鸭各30只,测定屠宰性能、常规营养成分、胶原蛋白含量、剪切力值、肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度等相关指标。结果表明：番鸭是肉用性能最好的优质肉鸭。各品种鸭胸肌率均比腿肌率高,胸肉剪切力值小于腿肉,胸肉显著嫩于腿肉（P〈0.05）。剪切力值和肌纤维直径、肌束膜厚度呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与蒸煮损失、胶原蛋白含量显著相关。影响鸭肉嫩度差异的关键是肌纤维直径的粗细和肌束膜厚度的大小,肌纤维直径越粗,肌束膜厚度越大,剪切力值也越高,鸭肉嫩度越差,蒸煮损失和胶原蛋白含量对鸭肉嫩度也有影响。     

牛至草粉对肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化、肉品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加牛至草粉对1～42 d肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化和肉品质的影响.试验选择1日龄、平均体重为(48.63±0.06)g的商品肉鸭560只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复26只.对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,处理1组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg抗菌肽,处理2组和处理3组分别饲喂基础日粮+20和40 mg...     

大豆低聚糖对肉鸭生产性能的影响试验

为了研究不同水平添加量的SBOS对樱桃谷鸭生产性能的影响及与金霉素的作用效果做比较,本试验选取300只1d的樱桃谷鸭,随机分为5组,每组5个重复。试验分为两个部分(1～14 d和15～28 d)。结果表明:SBOS对肉鸭生产性能的影响呈明显的剂量关系,第2、3、4组肉鸭的BW、ADG与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但各试验组的料肉比有一定程度的降低,其中第2、4、5组在试验后期达到显著水平(P0.05),且第4、5组的效果要优于第2组。这提示在提高肉鸭生产性能方面,SBOS可以有效替代金霉素。     

Effect of provitamin A biofortified maize inclusion on quality of meat from indigenous chickens

The effect of provitamin A biofortified maize (PABM) diet inclusion on meat quality in male and female Ovambo chickens at 18 and 21 wk of age was evaluated. A total of 96 13-week-old Ovambo chickens were randomly distributed into 2 treatment groups and fed on white maize (WM) diet, the control, and PABM diet, a high provitamin A carotenoid maize. There was no significant effect of PABM, sex, and age on meat pH, drip loss (%), cooking loss (%) and shear force. The PABM fed chickens had higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and lower lightness (L*) in the meat and skin color. Female birds had higher (P < 0.05) L* values than males on the skin. The a* value of the PABM fed male birds increased with age (P < 0.05). The PABM diet improved the skin and muscle color of the Ovambo chicken.     

海带粉结合活性炭对肉鸭生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在评估在禁抗条件下,日粮添加海带粉结合活性炭对肉鸭生长性能和肉品质的影响.试验将22?d平均初始体重为(1076.75±5.37)g的600只肉鸭随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只,对照组饲喂玉米～豆粕型基础日粮,处理组分别饲喂基础日粮+2、4和8?g/kg海带粉结合活性炭,试验共开展21?d.结果:处理...     

玉米DDGS饲喂肉鸭的营养价值研究

试验用不同添加水平的玉米DDGS代替豆粕饲喂樱桃谷肉鸭,旨在探讨其饲喂肉鸭的营养价值。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,共设5个处理组,分别添加0(对照组)、2%、4%、6%和8%的玉米DDGS。每组3个重复,每个重复40只。结果表明:在采食量方面各添加DDGS组与对照组相比有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在平均日增重和料肉比方面,2%、4%和6%组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而8%组日增重极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),料肉比极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在饲料增重成本方面,各添加DDGS组均低于对照组。可见,在肉鸭饲料中添加到6%的DDGS不影响肉鸭的生产性能,但是可以明显降低成本,取得较好的经济效益。     

仙湖肉鸭B系肌内脂肪含量与屠体性能关系研究

本研究对仙湖肉鸭B系的肌内脂肪含量与屠体性状关系进行分析.结果表明:公鸭活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重与肌内脂肪含量均表现为中等正相关,其中半净膛重与肌内脂肪含量的相关关系达到显著水平(P<0.05),胸肌重、腿肌重、皮脂重、皮脂率均与肌内脂肪含量呈弱的正相关,相关关系不显著;母鸭腹脂重、腹脂率与肌内脂肪含量的相关系...     

金丽肉鸭早期生长及屠宰性能的研究

为了准确掌握金丽肉鸭的早期生长及屠宰性能，于2001年9月30日－11月19日本公司的金丽肉鸭与天府，樱桃谷两品种的商品代肉鸭作了对比试验，4－7周龄体重各品系间经差异显著性比较（Duncan),E,F系与其他各品系间大部分都存在着显著差异，7周龄A系屠宰率，胸肌率最高，结果表明金丽肉鸭具有优良的肉用性能。     

木聚糖酶对肉鸭生长性能及营养物质回肠消化率的影响

选取9日龄的仙湖三号肉鸭216只,分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只,进行饲养试验。组1为对照组,组2～6为在组1的基础上分别添加150、300、450、600、750g/t木聚糖酶(木聚糖酶活性>8000U/g)。结果表明:1)木聚糖酶提高了肉鸭生长性能,与对照组相比,添加木聚糖酶组肉鸭日均增重和采食量均显著增加(P<0.05);料重比以添加量为450g/t组最低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加木聚糖酶组均显著提高肉鸭能量与粗纤维等养分的回肠消化率(P<0.05)。3)不同添加量之间生长性能与营养物质回肠消化率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

溶菌酶对肉鸭生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响

试验用溶菌酶代替常用的抗生素饲喂樱桃谷肉鸭,旨在探讨其对肉鸭生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,共设4个处理组(1个对照组、3个试验组),对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验组分别饲喂基础日粮+溶菌酶、基础日粮+吉他霉素和基础日粮+金霉素日粮。每个处理3个重复,每个重复50只。试验结果表明:在采食量方面各试验组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);在平均日增重方面,试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但是试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在料肉比和饲料增重成本方面,各试验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中溶菌酶组料肉比和饲料增重成本最低。各试验组与对照组相比,均可以显著提高免疫器官指数(P<0.05),溶菌酶组效果最好。     

奉化水鸭胸肌肉质及营养成分分析

通过测定120日龄的奉化水鸭胸肌的肉品质、营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,揭示其肉品特性.结果:奉化水鸭胸肌肉色亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)、黄度值(b*)分别为29.42,14.63和1.25,pH值、失水率和剪切力分别为5.94,30.46％和22.38 N,其中:公鸭胸肌的pH值和剪切力均极显著低于母鸭(P＜0....     

Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth,calcification and carcass traits in meat duck

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. A total of 432 1‐d‐old mixed‐sex Cherry Valley ducks (216 males and 216 females) were randomly allocated and fed low‐vitamin level diet (70% NRC vitamin regimen), high‐vitamin level diet (DSM vitamin regimen) or medium‐vitamin level diet (50% low‐vitamin level diet and 50% high‐vitamin level diet). Sternum and serum were harvested after 49 d of feeding. Compared with the low‐vitamin level group, dietary high‐vitamin level increased body weight (BW) at d 49 (p = 0.029) but did not alter all parameters of carcass trait (p > 0.05). Medium‐ and high‐vitamin level increased sternum defatted weight, density, ash and calcium (Ca) concentration (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the medium and high‐vitamin level group significantly decreased the relative proportions of the keel cartilage at 49 d (p < 0.05) and decreased the sternum length and height (p < 0.05) in meat ducks at 49 d. Likewise, high‐vitamin level improved serum Ca and phosphate (P) content (p < 0.05) and declined serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p = 0.003) compared with the low‐vitamin level group. Our study indicates that high‐vitamin level did not affect the examined carcass traits; however, high‐vitamin level improved growth performance and sternum calcification.     

基于屠宰性能探讨不同生长阶段肉鸭饲粮棉籽粕的适宜水平

本试验先后进行2次试验研究饲粮棉籽粕水平对不同生长阶段肉鸭屠宰性能的影响,并进一步根据屠宰性能探讨肉鸭饲粮棉籽粕的适宜水平。试验1、2均采用单因素试验设计,试验1饲粮棉籽粕水平分别为0、8.28%、16.56%、24.83%、33.11%;试验2饲粮棉籽粕水平分别为0、5.83%、11.60%、17.50%、23.30%。试验1肉鸭1~21日龄采食试验饲粮,22~35日龄采食无棉籽粕的玉米-豆粕型饲粮;试验2肉鸭1~14日龄采食无棉籽粕饲粮,15~35日龄采食试验饲粮。35日龄时每个试验的每个重复屠宰1只肉鸭测定其屠宰性能。结果表明：1)在试验1中,随饲粮棉籽粕水平的增加,肉鸭半净膛率与全净膛率线性增加( P<0.05),16.56%棉籽粕组肉鸭腹脂重和腹脂率显著低于其他各组( P<0.05)。2)在试验2中,随饲粮棉籽粕水平的增加,饲粮棉籽粕水平线性或二次影响肉鸭活体重、半净膛重、全净膛重和胸肌重( P<0.05),二次影响肉鸭的屠体重( P<0.05),23.30%棉籽粕组肉鸭活体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重及胸肌率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)基于不同的屠宰指标肉鸭饲粮棉籽粕适宜水平为7.51%~14.78%。以上结果提示,在以可消化氨基酸平衡模式配制饲粮时,1~21日龄肉鸭采食棉籽粕高达33.11%饲粮,22~35日龄采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮对35日龄屠宰性能无显著影响;结合35日龄屠宰性能来考虑,15~35日龄肉鸭饲粮棉籽粕水平不宜超过14.78%。     

Effect of gender on breast and thigh turkey meat quality

1. The influence of gender on chemical composition, physicochemical parameters, fatty acid profile, amino acid and mineral composition of turkey breast and thigh meat was studied in order to assess nutrient requirements.

2. Chemical composition showed that only intramuscular fat in breast meat was significantly affected by gender (p < 0.05). The results showed a higher percentage of intramuscular fat in male samples, almost double the amount found in females (0.73% vs. 0.38%).

3.For meat colour parameters, only a* showed different results between sexes, with male samples (breast: p < 0.01; thigh: p < 0.001) having the highest values.

4. Fatty acid profiles showed that medium chain unsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant. The significant differences (p < 0.05) found in both breast and thigh muscle could be linked to a difference in metabolism between males and females.

5.There were higher levels of C16:1n-7 in females (breast: p < 0.001; thigh: p < 0.01) compared with male muscle sample (5.05 vs. 2.67 g/100 g in breast and 4.95 vs. 3.27 g/100 g in thigh). Nutritional indices (n-6/n-3 and thrombogenic index) were more favourable in female samples demonstrating that female turkeys had better fatty acid profile than the others.

6. Turkey meat is an important source of dietary amino acids, and female samples had the highest contents both of essential and non-essential amino acids. Furthermore, gender had a numeric effect (p > 0.05) on amino acid composition.

7. Mineral composition showed that Na, Zn and Fe were the minerals most affected by turkey gender.     

Potential application of Fe-methionine as a feed supplement on improving the quality of broilers breast meat

A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were used to investigate the effects of Fe-methionine (Fe-met) and iron sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) on performance, mineral concentration, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast. The feeding experiment was performed with five dietary groups including group I (basal diet [BD] + 80 mg/kg FeSO₄), group II (BD + 60 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 20 mg/kg Fe-met), group III (BD + 40 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 40 mg/kg Fe-met), group IV (BD + 20 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 60 mg/kg Fe-met), and group V (BD + 80 mg/kg Fe-met). The results showed that Fe and Cu content in the breast muscle increased by dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic iron from II to V groups. Dietary groups of II, IV, and V increased L* value and b* value of breast meat. Additionally, redness of breast meat enhanced linearly and quadratically by dietary supplementation of 80 mg/kg Fe as FeSO₄. In addition, dietary supplementation Fe from II to V groups led to a significant increase in pHu at 24-h postmortem while it was negatively correlated with L* value of breast muscle. This study demonstrates that replacing FeSO₄ with Fe-Met could improve breast meat yield of broilers. Although 80 mg of Fe-Met improved the iron content of meat, it showed detrimental effects on the lipid oxidation of breast meat.     

南方优质肉鸭种苗产业体系构建与关键技术集成推广

肉鸭产业在我国南方畜牧业经济中的重要地位逐渐凸显,对促进畜牧业健康发展和农民增收具有重要作用。本文针对目前南方肉鸭产业所存在的问题,构建包含种苗繁育、饲料营养、生态养殖、疾病防控、屠宰加工、远程疾病诊断、循环利用、产业化基地建设、管理制度等9个方面的南方优质肉鸭种苗产业体系与关键技术的集成推广,建立完善的肉鸭产业链,推进南方优质肉鸭持续健康稳定发展。