The effect of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on turkey live performance

Two pen trials and 2 field trials were conducted to determine whether a direct-fed microbial (DFM; Primalac) was effective in improving turkey productive performance. In the pen trials, typical turkey diets were formulated with and without Primalac. All feed was provided by a commercial feed mill. In trial 1, Large White male turkey poults were placed in 48 pens (18 birds/pen, 24 pens/treatment) on the day of hatch and were reared to 20 wk. In trial 2, Large White female turkey poults were placed in 48 pens (30 birds/pen, 24 pens/treatment) on the day of hatch and were reared to 18 wk. Cumulative FCR was significantly improved for birds fed DFM feed compared with birds fed control feed at 20 wk in trial 1 and at 8 wk in trial 2. Body weight was significantly greater for birds fed DFM feed compared with birds fed the control feed through 12 wk in both trials. In 2 field trials, 2 brooder houses and 4 grow-out houses were paired on each farm (4 brooder houses and 8 grow-out houses total). All birds received the same feed provided by the integrator. The DFM was provided in the water from placement to market in 1 brooder house and in the 2 matching grow-out houses. Breeder flocks were equally represented in both brooder houses within each trial. Approximately 12,000 male poults were placed in each brooder house and were transferred to 2 grow-out houses at 5 wk. Although no statistical analyses were computed for the field trials, there was a nominal improvement in performance associated with the DFM: mean livability was increased by 3.5%, mean BW was increased by 0.9 kg (2 lb), mean total weight removed from the farms was increased by 13,706 kg (30,153 lb), mean FCR was improved by 0.165, and cost of production was reduced by $0.0195/kg ($0.043/lb) of BW by the DFM. In conclusion, the DFM product (Primalac) used in these studies was effective in improving turkey live performance.     

Direct-fed microbial and its combination with xylanase,amylase, and protease enzymes in comparison with AGPs on broiler growth performance and foot-pad lesion development

This study evaluated the effect of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) and its combination with xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP) enzymes cocktail on performance of broilers, in comparison with two commonly used antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs). Five treatments were tested using day-old Ross 708 broilers (mixed sex at 50:50 ratio) in a completely randomized design with 8 replications per treatment (40 birds/pen) using built up litter. Treatments were 1) a negative control (NC) based on corn/soy/wheat (10%) containing 500FTU/kg phytase, 2) NC + DFM (150,000 CFU/g of 3 Bacillus strains) (DFM150); 3) NC+ DFM (75,000 CFU/g of 3 Bacillus strains) in combination with XAP, XAP + DFM75); 4) NC+ BMD (50 g/ton), and 5) NC+ virginiamycin (20 g/ton). Diets were fed in mash form ad libitum in 3 phases: d 1 to 10 (starter); d 11 to 21 (grower) and d 22 to 42 (finisher). Body weight and feed intake (FI) were measured per phase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was corrected for mortality weight. Treatment means were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and separated via Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Supplementation of DFM increased (P < 0.05) average BW at d 10 when compared to the NC. Overall 42-d data indicated that the combination of XAP+DFM75 reduced (P < 0.05) mortality weight corrected FCR compared to NC, both DFM150 and the combination of XAP+DFM75 did not differ from both AGP treatments. Feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) were not affected by treatments during the 42-d study. The combination of XAP+DFM75 also reduced (P < 0.05) foot-pad lesion score as well as improved energy efficiency compared to the NC. These data indicate that both DFM150 and the combination of XAP + DFM75 may be used as an alternative to AGPs to achieve similar growth performance when producing broilers chickens under similar conditions.     

Identification of a practical and reliable method for the evaluation of litter moisture in turkey production

1.?An experiment was conducted to compare 5 different methods for the evaluation of litter moisture.

2. For litter collection and assessment, 55 farms were selected, one shed from each farm was inspected and 9 points were identified within each shed.

3. For each device, used for the evaluation of litter moisture, mean and standard deviation of wetness measures per collection point were assessed.

4. The reliability and overall consistency between the 5 instruments used to measure wetness were high (α = 0.72).

5. Measurement of three out of the 9 collection points were sufficient to provide a reliable assessment of litter moisture throughout the shed.

6. Based on the direct correlation between litter moisture and footpad lesions, litter moisture measurement can be used as a resource based on-farm animal welfare indicator.

7. Among the 5 methods analysed, visual scoring is the most simple and practical, and therefore the best candidate to be used on-farm for animal welfare assessment.     

微生物处理对稻谷加工副产物营养品质的影响及其在肉鸡上的应用

文章旨在评估枯草芽孢杆菌发酵稻谷副产物对其营养品质的影响,并探讨该原料对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官相对重量及血清生化指标的影响.将初始体重为(46.09±0.12)g的600只商品肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.稻谷副产物用1.5×108?CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌接种发酵48?h后,作为原料添加到肉鸡日粮...     

饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为研究微生物发酵小麦秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验采用单因素设计,选择体重相近的健康肉牛120头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验1、2、3、4组分别饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代0%、20%、40%、60%普通小麦秸秆的基础日粮,试验期为60 d,在试验结束时测定生长性能和肉品质。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组料重比较1组分别降低6.74%、5.87%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组的平均日采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的日增重较1组分别提高36.6%、24.4%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组熟肉率、失水率、肉色、嫩度与1组均差异性不显著(P>0.05);试验2、3、4组的粗灰分、p H均低于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、大理花纹分别较1组提高19.28%、18.94%、45.15%、42.35%、46.75%、43.09%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代40%普通小麦秸秆日粮可以提高肉牛的生长性能和肉品质。     

Effect of different selenium sources on production performance and biochemical parameters of broilers

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animal and human. Supplementation of Se usually in livestock diet has been proved as effective element. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different sources of selenium on growth performance, slaughter performance, immune trait, oxidation resistance, meat quality and selenium content in tissue of broilers to comprehensively evaluate the effect of selenium. A total of 324 1‐day‐old AA broilers were selected and randomly allocated to three treatments of six replicates with 18 broilers each. The trial period was 42 days and was divided into two periods. Our results showed that effect of different sources of selenium on growth performance, slaughter performance, the immune status, drip loss and flesh had not significant difference (p > 0.05); while the activities of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), the abilities to inhibit hydroxyl radical (OH˙) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) were significantly higher in selenium yeast than sodium selenite groups, and the contents of MDA of selenium yeast groups were significantly lower than that of sodium selenite. This study demonstrated that the different sources of selenium had no obvious effect on production performance of broilers, but significantly influenced the broiler oxidation resistance.     

不同锌源对肉用仔鸡早期生长及免疫的影响

试验选用 1日龄Avine肉用仔鸡 75羽 ,随机分成 3组 ,每组设 5个重复 ,每重复 5羽。 1组饲喂玉米—豆粕基础日粮作为对照 ;2、 3组日粮中分别加入硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌 40mg/kg (以锌计 )。测定试验鸡生长性能及部分免疫学指标 ,以研究不同锌源对仔鸡早期生长和免疫的影响。结果表明 ,基础日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌和硫酸锌均能有效提高仔鸡生长和改善饲料效率 ;蛋氨酸锌组效果优于硫酸锌组。添加锌能提高胫骨、胰脏中锌含量 ;蛋氨酸锌组锌增加幅度高于硫酸锌组。血清锌含量及血清AKP活性三组间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5)。添加锌对仔鸡 7日龄ANAE+ 有一定影响 (P >0 0 5) ;不同锌源对仔鸡ND抗体滴度、免疫器官指数、补体C3均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5)。     

牛膝对肉鸡生产性能与免疫器官指数的影响

试验选择48羽12日龄快大黄肉仔鸡随机分成3组,在试验组的基础日粮中分别添加0%、0.4%和0.8%的牛膝,试验期30 d,研究牛膝对肉鸡生产性能与免疫器官指数的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅰ组45日龄肉鸡平均日采食量、日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);此外,与对照组相比,Ⅰ组30日龄法氏囊、脾脏指数,45日龄脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组45日龄脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05)。研究提示,合理使用牛膝不仅可以提高肉鸡的生产性能,还能有效促进免疫器官的生长发育,其适宜添加量为0.4%。     

葡萄糖氧化酶与乳酸菌联合应用对肉鸡肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和乳酸菌制剂联合应用对肉鸡肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响.选取1日龄AA肉鸡1200只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常饮水;Ⅱ组为GOD组,在饮水中添加0.1％ GOD;Ⅲ组为乳酸菌制剂组,在每只鸡饮水中添加1.5×105 CFU/(g·d)乳酸菌制剂;Ⅳ组为GOD与乳酸菌制剂联合应用组...     

伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能和有关血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡100羽,随机分成2组,试验组在基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮5 mg/kg。试验开始3周后宰杀40羽,6周后宰杀剩余的60羽,研究伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果显示,添喂伊普异黄酮分别使生长前期公鸡和母鸡增重提高2.21%、0.95%,血清尿酸含量降低27.06%(P<0.05)、1.06%,血清T3水平升高12.4%、9.67%,血清FT3水平升高56.51%(P<0.05)、7.06%;使整个生长期公鸡和母鸡增重提高10.73%(P<0.05)、5.86%,血清尿酸含量降低35.11%(P<0.05)、14.63%,血清T3水平升高42.56%(P<0.05)、73.24%(P<0.05),血清FT3水平升高126.56%(P<0.01)、85.88%(P<0.05),同时血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高,血清钙、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均明显降低。     

微生态制剂的作用机制及其对鸡生产的影响

本文综述了微生态制剂的分类、功能、作用机制及其对鸡生长性能、免疫机能、生产性能等的影响。     

低能日粮中添加高剂量复合酶对肉鸡血清激素含量和微生物菌群的影响

试验研究了在低能日粮中,添加不同剂量复合酶对肉鸡血液指标和微生物菌群的影响。试验将320只1日龄AA+肉鸡分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只。第Ⅰ组为正对照组,饲喂常规饲粮;第Ⅱ组为负对照组,配方中增加了杂粕和麦类原料的用量,同时降低ME 210 kJ/kg;第Ⅲ组和第Ⅳ组为常规剂量加酶组和高剂量加酶组,即分别在负对照组饲粮的基础上添加0.02%和0.2%复合酶,试验期为42 d。结果表明,负对照组甲状腺素显著低于其它3组(P<0.05);高剂量加酶组胰岛素含量显著高于其它3组(P<0.05);肉鸡其它各血清激素含量在4种不同日粮处理组之间未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同剂量的复合酶制剂对肉鸡空肠中大肠杆菌数没有显著性影响(P>0.05),两个加酶组乳酸杆菌数显著高于两个对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加0.02%和0.2%复合酶对肉鸡血清激素含量和微生物菌群均具有很好的改善作用。     

饲粮添加生姜粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探讨饲粮添加不同水平的生姜粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取27周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的生姜粉。预饲期7 d,试验期4周。结果表明:饲粮中添加适量的生姜粉可以提高蛋鸡的平均日产蛋量和试验3~4周的产蛋率以及试验1~2周的平均蛋重(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加适量生姜粉能够提高鸡蛋的哈夫单位和蛋比重(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加生姜粉可提高罗曼褐壳蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,以1.0%生姜粉为最适添加量。     

磷肥与菌肥配施对青藏高原高寒区苜蓿草地生产力的影响

以不施肥为对照,研究了固氮菌肥、磷肥、混合菌肥及磷肥与混合菌肥配施对高寒区紫花苜蓿品种金皇后的生长,品质特性和土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理后,土壤微生物量和苜蓿的株高、鲜干重、粗蛋白含量均增加,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均减少。0~10cm土层的土壤微生物量均高于10~20cm土层。施加25%磷肥+混合菌肥后,粗蛋白含量最高,为20.58%,比对照高出3.72%,与其他施肥处理之间有着显著差异。中性洗涤纤维降低量为1.69%~4.71%,磷肥与混合菌肥配施后的中性洗涤纤维含量低于单施磷肥,高于单施混合菌肥后的含量;酸性洗涤纤维降低量为0.05%~9.98%,磷肥与混合菌肥配施后的ADF含量显著低于单施磷肥或混合菌肥的含量。施加75%磷肥+混合菌肥时,酸性洗涤纤维含量最低。磷肥和混合菌肥配施,土壤微生物量磷含量高于单施磷肥或单施混合菌肥的含量。通过灰色关联度分析得出,不同施肥处理对苜蓿生长品质特性和土壤微生物量的影响次序为:50%磷肥+混合菌肥磷肥25%磷肥+混合菌肥固氮菌肥75%磷肥+混合菌肥混合菌肥CK。     

苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能及乳品质的影响

试验旨在探讨苜蓿青贮料替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、乳品质、营养物质表观消化率、血液生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体重、产奶量、胎次相近的健康泌乳中期中高产中国荷斯坦奶牛15头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂4.0 kg苜蓿青干草,试验A、B组分别用4.4,8.8 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0和4.0 kg等干物质的苜蓿青干草,正试期64 d。结果表明,1)各组间干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),B组产奶量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),A组与对照组、B组间差异不显著(P>0.05); 2)用50%,100%的苜蓿青贮料替代等干物质的苜蓿青干草,其乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖均有所改善,但只有B组的乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余指标各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);3)A、B组与对照组的中性洗涤纤维表观消化率、钙表观消化率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A、B组间粗蛋白和磷表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),但是粗蛋白表观消化率均显著低于对照组、磷表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4)苜蓿青贮料替代苜蓿青干草其血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮、血糖、二氧化碳结合力等指标没有显著性改变(P>0.05);5)试验A、B组经济效益均有所增加,其中A组的净增收益最高,为0.61元/(头·d)。综上,用4.4 kg苜蓿青贮料代替2.0 kg苜蓿青干草对中高产奶牛是适宜的,能提高其生产性能,改善乳品质,增加收益。     

采挖期和采挖深度对人工甘草品质和产量效益的影响

在人工栽培条件下研究了不同采挖期和采挖深度对甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis品质和产量效益的影响。结果表明,在不同年限、不同深度采挖,对人工甘草产量和品质的影响都达极显著水平,从品质、产量和单位面积年均纯收入综合测定,以4年期采挖最为适宜,采挖深度以40 cm为宜。     

Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance,egg quality parameters,and blood characteristics in laying hens

Organic acids have been widely used as feed additives to replace antibiotics in livestock feeds. Data on the use of phenyllactic acid (PLA) are lacking. The effects of PLA on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. A total of 240 ISA Brown 36-wk-old layers were divided into the following 4 treatments: 1) control (basal diet), 2) control + 0.1% PLA, 3) control + 0.2% PLA, and 4) control + 0.3% PLA. Although supplementing the diet with PLA did not affect ADFI and FE, it linearly improved egg production rate, eggshell breaking strength, and Haugh units. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, and egg yolk color were not significantly altered by supplementing the diet with PLA. White blood cell, red blood cell, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the control + 0.1% PLA and control treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the groups fed the control + 0.2% PLA and control + 0.3% PLA diets had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocyte concentrations. In conclusion, PLA may exert some positive effects to the immune system and egg production over the short term. It may be beneficial to supplement the diets of laying hens with PLA in the absence of antibiotics. This experiment involved a small experimental sample and a short time, so the beneficial effects of PLA should be studied further in commercial farms over the long term.