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We investigated how the chemical composition of broiler chicken and cecectomized laying hen excreta is affected by drying in a forced-air drying chamber at low temperatures. Excreta that was immediately frozen after voiding provided the reference values. The excreta were dried in drying chambers for 4 hr, 6 hr, and 12 hr at 23°C or 33°C in the broiler experiment and 19°C or 29°C in the cecectomized laying hen experiment. The total N and inositol phosphate concentrations in the excreta of broiler chickens and cecectomized laying hens were not influenced (p > .050), except for one inositol tetrakisphosphate isomer (p = .026) in broilers. Compared to fresh excreta, drying did not affect the ammonia concentrations in the cecectomized laying hen experiment (p > .050), but the ammonia concentration was lower when dried for 12 hr at 33°C in the broiler experiment (p = .002). Amino acid concentrations in cecectomized laying hen excreta decreased until 4 hr of drying and then increased at both drying temperatures (p < .001). The results indicate that the applicability of drying poultry excreta at low temperatures in forced-air drying chambers to determine the chemical compound concentrations is trait-dependent. Future studies are necessary to investigate whether these results are also dependent upon the amount of excreta stored in the drying chambers. 相似文献
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近年来,随着畜牧业的发展,饲料原料匮乏以及环境污染问题日趋严重,作为蛋鸡营养中的重要内容,氨基酸的营养研究重点也在随之发生转变.以理想氨基酸模式及相应的分析研究方法为核心,在蛋鸡氨基酸需要量和氨基酸营养调控领域出现了大量新的研究成果与最新发现,从可持续发展、生态环保、动物福利等宏观方面到氨基酸的营养作用原理等机制研究上均有明显进展,研究不断深入.本文综述了近几年来产蛋鸡理想蛋白质模式、产蛋鸡和蛋雏鸡氨基酸需要量以及氨基酸营养调控方面的最新研究进展,并探讨了蛋鸡氨基酸营养在未来发展的可能趋势. 相似文献
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本试验旨在评定罗曼蛋鸡对不同来源豆粕表观代谢能(AME)和氨基酸可利用率(AAA),并用傅里叶近红外光谱(NIRS)分析技术建立其预测模型。选择248只体重(1.60±0.10)kg、产蛋率85%的36周龄罗曼蛋鸡,按单因素完全随机设计,分为31组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸡。在训饲的基础上,采用全收粪法评定30种不同来源豆粕和1种基础饲粮的AME和AAA,然后用NIRS技术建立其生物效价的预测模型。结果如下:1)不同来源的30种豆粕AME在11.95~14.87 MJ/kg之间,平均值为(13.24±0.67)MJ/kg;总氨基酸可利用率(TAAA)在89.99%~94.96%之间,平均值为(93.73±1.23)%。2)豆粕AME的NIRS预测模型的校正决定系数(Rcal2)、交叉验证系数(Rcv2)、外部验证系数(Rval2)分别为99.24%、83.79%、80.73%,外部验证标准差(RMSEP)为0.22 MJ/kg;TAAA的NIRS预测模型的Rcal2、Rcv2、Rval2范围分别为94.20%~99.97%、76.38%~97.32%、61.80%~99.42%,RMSEP范围为0.06%~1.00%。结果表明:1)不同来源豆粕的AME、AAA在罗曼蛋鸡上有较大差异;2)利用NIRS分析技术可建立罗曼蛋鸡豆粕的AME、AAA预测模型,模型的Rcal2及预测的RMSEP较好。 相似文献
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S. Swiatkiewicz M. Swiatkiewicz A. Arczewska‐Wlosek D. Jozefiak 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(1):1-12
Chitosan is a non‐toxic polyglucosamine, widespread in nature, which is deacetylated to varying degrees form of chitin, a component of exoskeleton of shrimps, crabs and insects. Because chitosan contains reactive functional groups, that is, amino acids and hydroxyl groups, it is characterised by antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic properties when fed as dietary additive for farm animals. This article reviews and discusses the results of studies on the effects of dietary chitosan and its oligosaccharide derivatives on performance and metabolic response in poultry and pigs, that is, haematological, biochemical and immunological blood characteristics, microbiological profile of intestines, intestinal morphology and digestibility of nutrients, as well as on the quality of meat and eggs. The results of most of the experiments presented in this review indicate that chitosan used as a feed additive for poultry and pigs has some beneficial, biological effects, including immunomodulatory, anti‐oxidative, antimicrobial and hypocholesterolemic properties. These properties of chitosan, unlike many other kinds of feed additives, were often reflected in improved growth performance (body weight gain and/or feed conversion ratio) of young animals, that is, broiler chickens and weaned pigs. 相似文献
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基于禽类视觉和处理光信息的特殊性及单色光对禽类的不同作用,利用单片机、LED发光技术设计的肉蛋鸡生产光源由主控机构和LED组合灯具组成。利用SN3352芯片,设计恒流LED驱动电路,用主动散热和被动散热解决灯具的散热问题,采用模块式设计思想,设计LED组合灯具;在主控机构单片机的控制下,实现了肉鸡/蛋鸡在不同生长阶段对光质、光强、光周期、照光方式的自动调节。表明单片机内蛋鸡促产光源适用于多种禽类和牲畜照射,在畜禽养殖业具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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为探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对免疫应激产蛋高峰期鸡生产性能和蛋品质影响,选取健康的37周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组5重复,每重复12只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组为免疫应激组,在日粮中分别添加0%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%的Gln。试验第4天对Ⅱ～Ⅴ组蛋鸡进行腿部肌肉注射新城疫冻干苗和油苗,Ⅰ组同部位注射等量生理盐水。结果显示,免疫应激导致蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质有所降低,Gln添加Ⅲ组的产蛋率恢复较其他应激组快(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的料蛋比显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组的采食量较低,平均蛋重较高,试验后期Gln可改善蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色(P>0.05)。免疫应激条件下,饲料添加Gln可提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善蛋品质。 相似文献
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本试验通过在海兰褐蛋鸡饲粮中配合不同比例的橡胶籽饼,评价其对蛋黄脂肪酸组成及胆固醇含量的影响。选取72只25周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组饲粮分别配合5.00%、10.00%、15.00%、20.00%和25.00%的橡胶籽饼。各组饲粮的营养水平一致。试验期6周。结果表明:饲粮中配合不同比例橡胶籽饼对蛋鸡蛋黄饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著影响(P0.05);但蛋黄亚油酸(LA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加呈增加趋势,且各试验组蛋黄DHA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加,蛋黄总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量呈增加趋势,n-6/n-3 PUFA呈降低趋势;各试验组蛋黄胆固醇含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但均低于对照组。由此可见,饲粮中配合一定比例的橡胶籽饼能够获得较低的n-6/n-3PUFA,达到提高蛋黄总PUFA、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量的效果。 相似文献
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不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用 16 8只 30周龄海兰褐蛋鸡 ,研究不同 n- 3/ n- 6多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响。 n- 3/ n- 6比值分别为 1∶ 1,1∶ 4 ,1∶ 8,1∶ 16 ,1∶ 32 ,维生素 E添加水平为 30 mg/ kg和 30 0 mg/ kg。在试验开始后的第 5周和第 7周给每个处理组中的 6只鸡注射牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) ,并分别于注射后第 10天翅静脉采血 ,测定 BSA抗体效价。测定第 5周及第 10周时外周全血淋巴细胞增殖速度和蛋黄 Ig Y水平。在第 9周给每个处理中 4只鸡注射脂多糖 (L PS) ,并于注射后 6 h,12 h,2 4 h后采血测定血浆中抗体 Ig G水平。试验结果表明 ,随着日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值的下降 ,BSA抗体效价显著下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,全血淋巴细胞增殖速度在第 5周时有上升的趋势 ,但差异不显著 ,而在第 10周时显著上升 (P<0 .0 5 )。蛋黄中抗体 Ig Y水平有随 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降的趋势。注射 L PS后各时间点血浆 Ig G浓度随着 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降。当日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值在 1∶ 1～ 1∶ 8之间时 ,产蛋鸡具有较好的免疫功能 相似文献
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选择145-180日龄和202-237日龄的蛋鸡,用复合氨基酸添加剂进行饲喂试验,按每羽产蛋鸡5 mL剂量拌入1 d饲料中分4次饲喂,隔日1次。结果表明,实验组比对照组产蛋率分别提高1.77%、1.86%（P〉0.05）;145-180日龄蛋鸡的平均蛋重提高1.89 g（P〈0.05）,202-237日龄蛋鸡平均蛋重提高2.57 g（P〈0.01）;投入产出比分别为1∶1.03和1∶1.62。 相似文献
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不同种类多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡抗体产生和淋巴细胞增殖的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
选用360只60～70周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,研究不同种类的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)在不同添加水平下对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响。试验共设10个处理,其中n-3PUFA的来源分别为亚麻籽油和鱼油,在日粮中的添加水平分别为20、40、60和10、30、50g/kg。n-6PUFA的来源为玉米油,在日粮中的添加量为20、40和60g/kg,另设一处理为不添加脂肪酸的对照组。在试验开始后的第5周和第7周分别给每个处理组中的6只鸡注射牛血清白蛋白抗原(BSA)和绵羊红细胞(SRBC),并分别于注射后第6,10,14天和第5,9,13天翅静脉采血,测定BSA抗体效价和SRBC抗体滴度。在试验开始后的第5周和第10周,采血测定外周全血淋巴细胞增殖速度,同时每个处理杀3只鸡,取脾脏制备单核细胞,测定其增殖速度。试验结果表明,日粮中添加PUFA具有提高产蛋鸡一免及二免BSA抗体和SRBC抗体产量的趋势,并呈现剂量依赖性。其中高鱼油添加组在一免10天时能显著(P<0.05)提高SRBC抗体滴度,二免后高鱼油添加组和高亚麻籽油添加组都能够显著(P<0.10)提高SRBC抗体滴度;对于BSA抗体效价,高n-3PUFA添加组都能够显著(P<0.10)提高。产蛋鸡外周全血淋巴细胞和脾脏单核细胞增殖速度在饲喂添加高n-3PUFA日粮后受到明显抑制。鱼油来源的n-3PUFA对产蛋鸡免疫功能影响程度比亚麻籽油的大。 相似文献
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S. Swiatkiewicz M. Swiatkiewicz A. Arczewska‐Wlosek D. Jozefiak 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(1):15-26
Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a coproduct of the ethanol industry, are often used as feed material in livestock and poultry nutrition. Results of many experiments have indicated, however, that a high dietary level of DDGS can negatively affect the digestibility of nutrients and the performance of monogastric animals due to their high content of non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP). Nevertheless, using high levels of DDGS as a protein source in livestock diets can be still economically justifiable in view of the rising prices of soya bean meal and other protein sources. The aim of some recent experiments with poultry and pigs was to improve the nutritional efficacy of high‐NSP diets through the addition of feed enzymes. As presented and discussed in this review article, the efficacy of feed enzymes added to poultry and pig diets containing DDGS is not consistent and depends on many factors. However, NSP‐hydrolysing enzymes generally seemed to be more efficient than phytases in terms of the digestibility of nutrients and the growth performance of poultry and pigs fed high‐DDGS diets. For this reason, supplementation with NSP‐hydrolysing enzymes could be an efficient way to enable the use of increased levels of DDGS in poultry and pig diets. 相似文献
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The egg production industry is facing various problems that need to be solved. For amino acid nutrition to achieve scientific and economical feeding of laying hens, it is necessary to elucidate the content, digestibility, or availability of nutrients of feedstuffs and feeds and the requirement of amino acids for laying hens. In addition, improvement to quality of eggs and meat of spent hens, methods of management and development of new feedstuffs are essential. For sustainable animal production, decrease in excreta and animal welfare should be studied. The real‐time determination of content and digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs are essential for formation of feeds. Recent advances in the near infrared reflectance analysis will be able to determine the content, digestibility and availability of nutrients in feedstuffs and feeds, if we have a supplemental amount of conventional analysis to define the calibration population. The amino acid requirements are affected by various factors. Therefore the method to quickly and exactly determine amino acid requirements in response to various factors is necessary. By using plasma free amino acid concentration as a criterion, it is possible to determine amino acid requirements in various conditions of laying hens within a short experimental period, repeatedly using the same animals. Because the amino acid requirements differ among individual animals, it should be expressed as grams per hen per day. Practically, it is impossible to formulate various feeds for individual hens. The various expressions have been developed and these expressions have advantages and disadvantages. The nitrogen excretion of laying hens is easily reduced by reducing dietary nitrogen levels and restricting the feed intake. The availability of amino acid may be improved by feeding management, and supplementing enzyme, but the quality of eggs and meat of spent hens and welfare of laying hens are not affected by amino acid nutrition. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的作用。选择产蛋率相近的60周龄余干乌骨鸡180只,分为大豆黄酮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。大豆黄酮组在基础饲粮中添加30g/t的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。试验共8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,大豆黄酮组的产蛋率提高了11.67%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低了8.1%(P<0.05);大豆黄酮组的哈氏单位提高了7.7%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加30 g/t的大豆黄酮能提高余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期的产蛋性能和蛋品质。 相似文献
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105羽390日龄罗曼蛋鸡,随机均分5组。以4种中药方剂分别添加饲喂组1-组4鸡群,组5为对照。分别观察用药前(第0周)、用药后各组每周平均产蛋率、羽日蛋重、每周平均枚蛋重以及用药期平均料蛋比、破蛋率等生产性能指标。结果:至第11周时,对照组鸡群每周平均产蛋率仅77.55％,每周平均日蛋重仅52.72g/羽,分别比试验前下降13.72％和4.82 g;而组1和组2鸡群产蛋率仅分别下降4.76％和0.21％,日蛋重反而分别增加0.28g/羽和3.41g/羽。其余2组结果与对照组相近。组1和组2平均料蛋比分别为2.25和2.2,显著小于对照组5。组1和组2破蛋率比组5低4—5倍。结论:方1和方2可以明显提高产蛋中后期蛋鸡生产性能。 相似文献