“乳炎平”防治奶牛乳房炎试验

“乳炎平”防治奶牛乳房炎试验秦俊文张强王萍先宏（河北中兽医学校，定州０７３０００）宋宝满（保定市奶牛场，河北０７１０００乳房炎是奶牛常见而且多发的一种疾病，其发病率高，危害性大，是造成奶牛业损失最大的疾病之一。通过对保定市奶牛场泌乳期奶牛的检查。其中...     

乳酸环丙沙星治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果观察

用乳酸环丙沙星治疗１０头患浆液性和卡他性乳房炎的牛，同时双青霉素和链霉素治疗的１０头患牛和不加任何处理的另外５头同样患牛为对照。试验结果表明，环丙沙星对浆液性和卡他性房炎治疗的有效率达１００％，治愈率为９０％；而青、链霉素治疗的有效率为８０％，治愈率为６０％，上述结果表明，乳酸环丙沙星对轻度临床型乳房炎的疗效高，疗程短，值得推广。     

奶牛大肠杆菌乳房炎治疗的临床观察

奶牛感染大肠杆菌引起的乳房炎,是发病快且难于治疗的恶性乳房炎症。这种乳房炎在病因、症状、诊断、治疗等临床表现上有突出的特点。 一、病因 饲养场所环境卫生不良,牛体不洁、挤乳前消毒不严密和不按规程操作是致病的主要原因。也有部分病牛因乳头或乳头管狭小,挤乳困难、使用乳导管针引起感染而发病。患大肠杆菌乳房炎的牛,多为高产奶牛。据16例病牛调查,有12头高产的牛,4头中产牛,都是一个乳     

奶牛乳房炎的辨证施治

奶牛乳房炎的辨证施治郑宏亮（重庆市沙坪坝区井口农场畜牧场６３００３３）西兽医将奶牛显性乳房炎常分成急性、慢性、恶性和结核型。笔者根据各型临床症状特征，遵中兽医辨证论治的法则并参考前人的治疗经验，摸索出相应的治疗方法，经临床治疗１９５例（急性７０例，慢...     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的诊断与治疗

奶牛隐性乳房炎的诊断与治疗张禹阿淑艳（黑龙江畜牧兽医杂志社·哈尔滨·１５００４０）（黑龙江省家畜繁育指导站）奶牛隐性乳房炎（以下简称隐服）是奶牛乳房疾病的常见、多发病之一。它不仅影响牛奶的产量，降低牛奶的品质，有害食乳者的健康，还能延长产后发情和妊娠...     

中西药结合治疗奶牛出血性乳房炎

中西药结合治疗奶牛出血性乳房炎黄全云（青海畜牧兽医总站兽医院，８１０００３）本病舍饲高产乳牛多发，常见于产后１～３周内奶牛，由于生殖器官炎症，乳房不洁，挤乳方法不当而引起。牛舍不洁，温度高、发病率升高。症状：乳房肿胀、潮红，乳上淋巴结肿胀，触之疼痛、...     

奶牛乳房炎的防治

乳房炎是奶牛常见的一种多发性疾病,其特征是奶牛乳腺叶间结缔组织腺体发炎,有时两者同时发炎。 乳房炎能引起奶牛泌乳量明显下降,乳汁变质,严重者乳腺发生硬结、萎缩,甚至化脓坏疽,完全丧失泌乳机能。因此,奶牛乳房炎给养牛业造成很大的经济损失。     

Relationship between the lactation curve and udder disease incidence in different lactation stages in first‐lactation Holstein cows

We examined the relationships between the shape of the first parity lactation curve and udder disease incidence at different stages of lactation in 538 Holstein cows. Data used were first‐parity daily milk yields and treatment records. Each cow was classified according to whether or not it had had udder disease at least once over the whole lactation period or in one of three stages within the lactation period. We then examined the differences in the shapes of the lactation curves between the disease incidence and non‐incidence group in each stage. Cows that had high rates of increase in milk yield and high milk yields in early lactation were predisposed to udder disease afterwards. Cows with high milk production over a long period but with low lactation persistency were predisposed to udder disease after the peak of lactation. There was no difference in total milk yield between incidence and non‐incidence groups in all stages, suggesting that, for a comparable level of lactation, cows without udder diseases have flatter lactation curves.     

Genetic analysis of protein yield,udder health,and female fertility in first-parity Danish Holstein cows

Abstract

Genetic parameters for protein yield, clinical mastitis, SCS, number of inseminations (NI), and days from first to last insemination (FLI) were estimated for first-parity Danish Holstein cows. The objective was to estimate genetic correlations between the five traits mentioned above and to study whether NI and FLI are measures of the same trait. Records containing information on approximately 200 000 cows were analysed using tri-variate animal models. The genetic correlations between the udder health traits and the fertility traits were favourable and in the range from 0.17 to 0.42, whereas the genetic correlations between protein yield and the fertility traits were unfavourable and ranged from 0.43 to 0.52. These results highlight the importance of continuing to emphasize functional traits in future breeding programmes. The genetic correlation between the fertility traits was 0.82. Based on this result, it cannot be concluded that NI and FLI are measures of the same trait.     

中西医结合治疗奶牛出汗症

在兽医界,奶牛出汗症是比较常见的一种疾病,该病的常见治疗方法为中医治疗,当前尚未出现有效的西医治疗奶牛出汗症方法,中医药物治疗效果也不理想。本研究对奶牛出汗症选择中西医结合治疗,以期为奶牛出汗症的治疗提供理论依据。     

克炎晶对奶牛乳房炎的治疗试验

使用克炎晶采用不同给药途径、不同剂量、不同疗程,对24例临床型乳房炎患牛和8例隐性乳房炎患牛进行了分组治疗试验。结果表明,每千克体重使用克炎晶0.5～1.0mg1～2次就能有效杀灭隐性乳房炎致病菌;对于临床型乳房炎,每千克体重0.5～1.0mg剂量总有效率为60%(9/15),而1.5mg总有效率为88.9%(8/9)。乳区基部注射总有效率为77.8%(7/9);乳池内注入总有效率为88.9%(8/9);肌肉注射总有效率为33.3%(2/6)。因此,临床治疗时应选择每千克体重1.5mg作为用药剂量,乳房基部注射和乳池内注入作为用药方法,疗程为3～5d。     

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析

旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平.本研究使用DMU(v6.0)软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12415头荷斯坦牛,包括111735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计,运用主成分分析法(PCA)探讨构象性状之间的关系.结果表明,宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水...     

中草药饲料添加剂在奶牛生产中的应用

本文针对中草药对奶牛泌乳性能、抗热应激、免疫机能及繁殖等方面的影响作一综述。     

Immunoglobulins, lysozyme and lactoferrin in the teat and udder of the dry cow during endotoxin-induced inflammation.

Immunoglobulins (Ig) and antibacterial proteins like lysozyme and lactoferrin are components of the humoral defence against infections. Changes in Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations during endotoxin-induced inflammation in the test cistern and udder quarter of the dry cow were studied. Surgical closure of the passage between teat and udder cisterns enabled studies of reactions in the teat cistern without interference of the mammary gland. After endotoxin infusion, IgG1, IgG2, lysozyme, and to some extent IgM, increased in the teats and udder quarters, and were positively correlated with changes in somatic cell counts. No significant changes were observed in IgA or lactoferrin. The origin and significance of Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin in the bovine teat and udder are discussed. Ig probably originated both from serum and from local plasma cells, while leukocytes appeared to be the source of lysozyme during inflammation. Secretory epithelium appeared to be the source of lactoferrin. Support for this theory was the almost total absence of lactoferrin in teat cistern samples.     

奶牛酮病的防治

酮病是奶牛三大营养代谢病之一。目前,大多数奶牛场,奶牛酮病特别是亚临床型酮病的发病率很高。本文对奶牛酮病的病因、监测方法和防治,这三个方面进行了综合阐述,以供参考。     

河南省新乡市奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况调查

本文应用病原学检查法对新乡市4个奶牛场的102头奶牛进行了隐孢子虫感染情况调查，调查结果：隐孢子虫感染率为20.6%；发病率为5.8% ；不同年龄的奶牛感染情况不同；机体免疫功能较低的奶牛易感染；经鉴定虫种为鼠隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium muris)。     

疯牛病研究进展

疯牛病（牛海绵状脑病)介由朊病毒即传染性蛋白颗粒（Prion)引起的一种慢性消耗性致死性的传染病。本文从病原学、流行病学、临床诊断学和防制学等方面，较为详细地综述该病在欧洲特别是英国暴发流行的主要原因、造成的危害，以及控制流行所采取的措施。同时本文重点从病原学入手，阐述疯牛病病原的结构、组成成分、复制机理、生化特性、致病特性以及与其它寻常病毒和微生物的本质区别。该文进一步提醒我国政府及专业预防机构，虽然我国尚未发现疯牛病病例，但潜在发生的危险性依然存在，应引起我国人－兽医预防机构的高度重视。