鸽Ι型副粘病毒的分离与鉴定

从病死鸽脾脏分离到毒株,经电镜观察和HI试验、抗体检测,确定为鸽的I型副粘病毒。生物学试验表明,该毒属于强毒株,其致病指数分别为:MDT=90h,ICPI=1.27,IVPI=1.30。将分离株经滴鼻接种于15日龄肉乳鸽和4周龄雏鸡,肉乳鸽发病后出现与自然发病鸽相同的症状和病变,但鸡不引起发病。     

鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒的分离与鉴定

从病死鸽脾脏分离到 1毒株 ,经电镜观察和HI试验、抗体检测 ,确定为鸽的Ⅰ型副粘病毒 ,生物学试验表明 ,该病毒属于强毒株 ,其致病指数分别为 :MDT =90h,ICPI=1 2 7,IVPI=1 30。将分离株经滴鼻接种于 1 5日龄非免疫肉乳鸽和 4周龄非免疫雏鸡 ,肉乳鸽发病后出现与自然发病鸽相同的症状和病变 ,但不引起鸡发病     

鸽I型副粘病毒的分离与鉴定

从病死鸽脾脏分离到1毒株，经电镜观察和HI试验、抗体检测，确定为鸽的I型副粘病毒，生物学试验表明，该病毒属于强毒株，其致病指数分别为：MDT＝90h,ICPI=1.27,IVPI=1.30。将分离株经滴鼻接种子15日龄非免疫肉乳鸽和4周龄非免疫雏鸡，肉乳命发病后出现与自然发病鸽相同的症状和病变，但不引起鸡发病。     

鸽Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒病的诊断

从病死鸽肝、脾及脑组织混合悬液接种SPF鸡胚分离到1毒株,经HA试验和HI试验、动物攻毒试验、RT-PCR检测,确诊为鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒。分离株经胸肌注射途径人工感染40d龄非免疫乳鸽和3月龄非免疫鸡,乳鸽发病后出现与自然发病鸽相同的症状和病变;试验鸡未呈现出临床病症和死亡,但却能引起体液免疫应答反应。     

鸽副粘病毒病的防制

近年来 ,乳鸽饲养业得到了较快的发展 ,带来了可观的经济效益。但由于鸽的饲养水平和疫病防治技术水平相对滞后 ,也给部分饲养场造成了一定的经济损失。鸽副粘病毒病是危害鸽的最主要疾病之一 ,感染后容易大批死亡。本病可通过发病鸽的临床症状和剖检病变 ,病原细菌分离培养试验 ,病毒血凝性试验和新城疫阳性血清的血清凝集抑制试验 ,以及人工发病试验复制出鸽副粘病毒病而确诊。鸽副粘病毒病的病原只有一种血清型 ,但有多种强、弱毒株 ,不同毒株某些生物学特性也可能有一定差异。该病料接种9日龄鸡胚 ,能在 96ｈ内将鸡胚全部致死 ;人工发病…     

鸽新城疫的诊断

安徽省合肥市某美国王鸽养殖场暴发一起鸽急性传染病，死亡率达７９．９％。经病理检查，人工复病、病毒分离、血凝（ＨＡ）试验和血凝抑制（ＨＡ）试验检测。结果，复制出与自然发病相同的病例，分离出鸽新城疫毒株，ＨＡ试验滴度达１∶２５６，ＨＩ试验测得新城疫抗体效价大于Ｌｏｇ２４。表明该场是鸽副粘病毒病（鸽新城疫）感染。     

鸽新城疫的诊断

安徽省合肥市某美国王鸽养殖场暴发一起鸽急性传染病，死亡率达７９．９％。经病理检查，人工复病、病毒分离、血凝（ＨＡ）试验和血凝抑制（ＨＡ）试验检测。结果，复制出与自然发病相同的病例，分离出鸽新城疫毒株．ＨＡ试验滴度达１：２５６，ＨＩ试验测得新城疫抗体效价大于Ｌｏｇ２４。表明该场是鸽副粘病毒病（鸽新城疫）感染。     

鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒与沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌混合感染的诊断

从珠三角某鸽场病死鸽中无菌操作采取心血、肝脏、脑、脾脏,接种于麦氏培养基和木糖—赖氨酸—脱氧胆酸琼脂培养基,经细菌纯化、镜检、生化试验、PCR检测和药敏试验,结果显示30只病鸽有8只分离到沙门氏菌,阳性率为26.7%;10只分离到大肠杆菌,阳性率为33.3%;其中6只同时分离到沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌,混合感染率为20.0%。经病毒分离培养、PCR检测,结果显示从6个混合样品中分离到5株副黏病毒,分离率为83.3%。结果表明,该鸽场鸽群发生了副黏病毒、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌混合感染。本试验对珠三角鸽场近年较常发生的、以乳鸽较严重发病死亡的典型疫情作了较明确的诊断。     

乳鸽毛滴虫病的诊治

鸽毛滴虫病是一种侵害消化道上段的原虫病，常引起乳鸽的上消化道溃疡。２００１年６月，我场饲养的乳鸽开始发病，并出现死亡，根据临床症状、病变及实验室检查，诊断为鸽毛滴虫病。现报道如下。１．流行情况及临床症状我场饲养肉种鸽８００对，每星期可产乳鸽２００对左右。在乳鸽２５日龄前后，有２０％的鸽开始发病。初期表现为张嘴呼吸，消化不良，后逐渐呼吸困难，并伴有呕吐、腹泻现象，体重很快下降，体况明显消瘦，眼中有水样分泌物，最终因呼吸困难而死亡。２．病理变化在病鸽的口腔、咽、嗉囊、食道和腺胃粘膜上有隆起的白色结节…     

鸽葡萄球菌病的诊断

1995年武汉地区某个人饲养的美国王鸽发生以急性败血症为主要特征的疾病,经病理剖检,生化鉴定及动物回归试验检查,确诊为致病性葡萄球菌引起的鸽葡萄球菌病。1 发病及临床病理诊断1.1 发病情况 该鸽主饲养王鸽多年,以笼养为主,繁殖情况一般。1995年5月初,不论是种鸽、青年鸽还是乳鸽,均突然发病死亡,发病率为50％,死亡率100％,其中死亡较多的是乳鸽。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。