鲍弧菌病的防治研究

在实验室进行鲍人工感染弧菌病的防治试验。结果说明:使用鲍防病配合饲料对于防治养殖鲍弧菌病效果显著。并从东山养鲍场患病的九孔鲍体上分离到一种致病菌,经鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。     

海洋水产动物弧菌病的生物防治

弧菌病是由弧菌属(vibriosis)细菌引起的一类细菌性疾病,该病在全世界范围内广泛发生,其发病率高、危害大,不仅给对虾还给鱼类、贝类、其它甲壳类等海水养殖生物造成巨大的影响。因此,该病的防治一直受到国内外研究工作者的密切关注,是海水养殖动物病害研究的主要领域之一[1,2]。对于弧菌病的防治,以往一直采用抗菌素和消毒剂等化学药物治疗,然而使用化学药物具有药物残留和抗药性的问题,造成环境污染,给人类带来危害。近年来人们探索用中药制剂、生物方法和免疫技术进行弧菌防治,取得一些进展。本文仅就生物防治方法进行综述与分析,以…     

网箱养殖大黄鱼弧菌病的中草药防治

测定了15种中草药对大黄鱼病原菌———溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)以及最低杀菌质量浓度(MBC)。试验结果表明:15种中草药对溶藻弧菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中以石榴皮、地榆、五味子、大黄等4种药物的抑菌能力最强,MIC值分别为为1 56、1 56、3 12、3 12g L;MBC均为6 25g L,可作为防治该病的有效药物。     

海水小瓜虫生活史及白点病防治

在集约化海水养殖过程中，很多寄生性原虫都能很好地生长繁殖，其中，海水小瓜虫是致病性最强的原虫之一。海水小瓜虫学名为刺激隐核虫（Cryptocaryon irritans），是一种遍生性（周身遍布纤毛）纤毛虫，通常寄生于热带、亚热带海水鱼类的体表和鳃上，形成针头大的小白点，所以生产上俗称“白点病”。该寄生虫会引起鱼的活动异常、上皮增生、呼吸困难以及机械损伤，继而带来病菌的继发感染。在自然情况下，野生的海洋鱼类很少受到海水小瓜虫的严重感染，因为宿主的聚集密度不够，虫体的繁殖量不足以达到严重感染的程度。然而，在水泥池、室内的水族箱或渔排的网箱等高密度鱼类养殖场所，虫体就能在短时间内大量繁殖而致病。     

鱼类杂交育种技术及其在石斑鱼类中的应用

综述了鱼类杂交育种的发展和远缘杂交的应用,以及遗传学在鱼类杂交育种中的应用,并从遗传学角度对石斑鱼类杂交育种的研究现状进行了介绍,简述了通过杂交和选育等遗传育种技术改良种质,获得石斑鱼类优良新品种。将遗传学分析应用于石斑鱼类杂交的研究中,展望了石斑鱼类杂交育种工作的前景。     

鱼类的性别决定与人工控制

鱼类性别的人工控制是鱼类育种中一个十分重要的领域。本文概述了鱼类的性别决定机制及鱼类生理性别的表现方式,同时介绍了鱼类性别的多种人工控制方法,为育种单位的生产实践提供参考。     

鱼类金属硫蛋白基因的表达与调控

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类能选择性地结合重金属离子的低分子量蛋白质。自Marafante及其同事于1970年证明MT在真骨鱼类中的存在以来,人们就对MT在动物体内和体外的作用和功能进行了广泛的研究。Dunn等(1987)对鱼类MT的研究表明,这类蛋白质长度极为均一,由60~61个氨     

Vibriosis of Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus in Larviculture

Since 1985, frequent mass mortalities due to a bacterial infection have occurred in zoeal larvae of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus reared at the Tamano Station of the Japan Sea-Farming Association. A bacterium was predominantly isolated from diseased larvae and was demonstrated by experimental infection to be the causative agent of the disease. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, serological and genetic characteristics of the pathogen, it was thought to be a new species and tentatively named Vibrio sp. Zoea. Challenge experiments with the bacterium in several aquatic animals indicate that Vibrio sp. Zoea appears to be a pathogen specific for crustaceans.     

Glutathione and its Related Enzymes in the Nile Fish

Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes, glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) form an important phase 2 biotransformation enzymes system. The objective of this study was to compare this enzymes system in three fish species from the river Nile, Oreochromis niloticus, Claris lazera and Cyprinus carpio in order to establish the main differences and to purify and characterize GST from the liver of O. niloticus.The level of GSH and the activity of GST, GPx and GR in the liver, kidney and gills of the three fish species were examined. A simple reproducible procedure for the purification of GST from the liver of O. niloticus to homogeneity, which includes chromatography on DEAE- cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on GSH-sepharose was established. The molecular mass was found to be 25,460 Da by SDS-PAGE. The Michaelis-Meneten constants (K_m) of the enzyme for GSH and CDNB were 0.35 mM and 0.42 mM, respectively. The affinity purified enzyme exhibited maximum pH at pH 8.0 and increasing pH above 8.0 did not affect the observed maximum. The purified enzyme acts readily on CDNB, less readily on some standard transferase substrates (1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and p-nitrophenethyl bromide) and not at all on others (bromosulphophthalein and p-nitrobenzyl chloride). Bromosulfophthalein, cibacron blue and hematin inhibited CDNB-conjugating activity of the purified enzyme with IC₅₀ 0.079, 3.98 and 0.126 μM, respectively.     

石斑鱼病害综合防治技术

随着石斑鱼人工繁殖技术的突破，石斑鱼养殖规模不断扩大，成为沿海渔民新的经济增长点，但病害发生和流行也日益频繁。为了从根本上防治石斑鱼病害，本文根据石斑鱼生活习性和生长周期，采取优化养殖技术、免疫药物预防和化学药物防治等综合技术措施。现将结果报告如下。     

亚硝酸氮胁迫下噬菌体防治凡纳滨对虾弧菌病

在养殖水体不同亚硝酸氮的条件下,通过对凡纳滨对虾的毒性试验和检测对虾部分免疫指标的变化来研究副溶血弧菌噬菌体对对虾弧菌病的防治效果.试验设置0.005(对照)、0.75、1.50 mg/L和3.00 mg/L 4个不同亚硝酸氮的质量浓度作为胁迫组,并在此基础上加入副溶血弧菌设置为胁迫感染组,加入副溶血弧菌和噬菌体设置为...     

A Review of Cannibalism and its Implications in Fish Larviculture

A review of cannibalism is presented with particular emphasis on the role that this phenomenon plays in applied larviculture. Cannibalism is more ubiquitous than previously assumed and its implications under larviculture conditions are significant. The review is focused primarily on the two principal causes of sibling cannibalism. These are genetic and behavioral, the latter being influenced directly by environmental factors. Cannibalism is regarded as an alternative feeding strategy, more likely to be adopted by larvae and early juveniles which are carnivorous, when resources become limiting. Agonistic behavior induced mortality, the causes of which are identical to those of cannibalism, is also dealt with. Experimental results on the effects of several important environmental factors are presented and evaluated, and suggestions are made to reduce mortality rates under larviculture conditions.     

鱼类体色成因及其调控技术研究进展(上)

针对近年来我国养殖鱼类体色变异越来越普遍的现象,总结了国内外有关鱼类体色方面的研究成果,分别从鱼体色素细胞的种类、色素体的合成与代谢、体色变化的内在生理调控机制(基因、神经和内分泌凋节)以及营养、光照、水温、重金属、饵料等诸多外部因子方面,探讨了鱼类体色的成因以及上述因素对鱼体体色的影响,以期为后续对鱼类体色变异进行合理人工调控的研究和实践提供参考.     

鸭绿江网箱养殖的病害及综合防治

鸭绿江网箱养殖主导品种为镜锂、鲫鱼、鲇鱼，常发多种疾病；分析了鱼病流行的规律，探讨了病害发生的原因，从10个方面提出了综合防治网箱养鱼疾病的技术措施。     

养殖河鲀毒素控制技术研究

随着人们对河鲀毒素及河鲀的逐步认识和利用，养殖河鲀毒素控制技术研究日益成为人们关注的焦点，本文简要总结我们9年来在这方面所开展的一些工作以及日本等国在该领域的最新研究进展。     

Vibriosis in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Abstract. An epizootic due to Vibrio anguillarum was observed in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Lesions in infected fish included ulceration and petechiae on body surfaces, vent and caudal peduncle. Internally, haemorrhages in liver and kidney were present and the intestinal tract was filled with a clear viscous fluid. Using an isolant recovered during the epizootic, laboratory studies were conducted to determine (a) bacterial dynamics of the agent in blood, kidney and liver and (b) clinical haematologic and biochemical parameters in infected fish. Under conditions of the study, vibrios were apparently sequestered in kidney and liver during initial stages of infection (8–12 h after exposure). Later, bacterial numbers in blood were comparable to those in kidney and liver. Clinical parameters of infected catfish were suggestive of cellular and tissue destruction and renal dysfunction. Based upon data of the present study and those of others, vibriosis appears to be a disease in which the agent is localized in select tissues. Secondary septicaemia may be incidental to factors which compromise host defences.     

孔雀鱼的养殖及病害防治

孔雀鱼 (Ｐｏｅｃｉｌｉａｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ )隶属于胎科 ,胎属。雄鱼色彩鲜艳 ,五彩缤纷 ,有些个体体表具蓝黑色小圆斑 ,周围有淡色的环纹 ,宛如孔雀的尾翎 ,故称“孔雀鱼”。它的另一特点是 ,几乎全年均可繁殖 ,每个月或隔月就能繁殖一次 ,每次产幼鱼 2 0～ 1 0 0尾不等 ;子代经 4～ 5个月便性成熟 ,一对孔雀鱼一年繁殖后代的数量是惊人的 ,因此有“百万鱼”(ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｓ )之称。孔雀鱼的英文名为Ｒａｉｎｂｏｗｆｉｓｈ和Ｇｕｐｐｙ ,中文译名常称之为“彩虹鱼”或“格比 (鱼 )”。此外 ,尚有摩比鱼、虹和水沟鱼 (Ｌｏｎ…     

雷州湾附近海域鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解雷州湾及其附近海域渔业生物的群落结构及其物理影响因素,于2016—2017年开展了4个季度的底拖网渔业资源与生态环境调查。运用聚类分析、相似性百分比分析以及冗余分析研究了该海域鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,雷州湾附近海域共捕获鱼类256种,以底层鱼类和暖水性鱼类为主;各季节均可划分为两个亚群落(Anosim test:R=0.28～0.77, P<0.01),群落Ⅰ的平均相似性为38.48%～47.44%,相似性的主要贡献种为斑头舌鳎(Cynoglossus puncticeps)、中华海鲇(Tachysurus sinensis)和线纹鳗鲇(Plotosus lineatus)等;群落Ⅱ的平均相似性为41.38%～52.59%,主要贡献种为多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、斑头舌鳎和花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)等。两个亚群落的平均相异性为57.74%～76.25%;水深是4个季度显著影响鱼类分布的重要生态因子,溶解氧是3个季度显著影响鱼类分布的重要环境因子。综上所述,雷州湾及其附近海域鱼类种类数丰富,高于海州湾、大亚湾等海域;本研究揭示了该海域鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,为该海域鱼类资源的养护及利用提供参考依据。     

Using Genetic Variation to Understand Control of Feed Intake in Fish

The overall goal of our research is to develop fish with superior growth, and feed efficiency attributes. Feed intake is integral to these characters. Over the last several years we have been working with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in two directions tied to feed intake regulation. One direction has been to identify genes functioning as physiological regulators of feed intake, and the other has been to measure and characterize the genetic variation in feed intake within and among distinct catfish populations which reveal a wide range in feeding response. The goals are to uncover the genetic basis of physiological variation, to understand the genes and interactions that produce the phenotypic differences observed and to exploit these differences in a selective breeding program. To investigate the links between genetic variation and physiological variation, differences in voluntary feed consumption were documented in two strains of channel catfish. Treatment with orexigenic compounds affected both strains similarly, though anorexigenic compounds inhibited feeding in one strain more than the other and low temperature treatment affected the strains differently with respect to feed efficiency. Phenotypic variation in feed intake among families within one strain suggested that approximately 40% of the variation in feed intake is due to genetic sources. Future work aimed at utilizing strains and families with divergent phenotypes for identifying the specific genes responsible for this variation is discussed.