蜂蜜电导率的实验研究

以枣花蜂蜜、荆条蜂蜜、槐花蜂蜜、油菜蜂蜜为实验对象,分别向蜂蜜里添加不同剂量的果葡糖浆,并用电导仪测定蜂蜜糖浆混合物电导率的变化,并进行回归分析。结果表明:在蜂蜜糖浆混合物总质量不变的情况下,蜂蜜比例越高,则其电导率上升越明显,其变化趋势符合线性回归关系。利用蜂蜜的电导率检测的便捷性特点,可将电导率检测作为蜂蜜真假鉴别的辅助手段。     

蜜蜂3种常规饲料电导率的初步分析

为了测定水分和温度对蜜蜂3种常规饲料电导率的影响,试验以3种蜜蜂常规饲料(杂花粉、糖水、油菜蜂蜜)为试验对象,分别向杂花粉、糖水、油菜蜂蜜中添加不同剂量的水分,在不同温度下用电导仪测定其电导率,并进行回归分析。结果表明:杂花粉、糖水、油菜蜂蜜的电导率随温度的升高而增加,其变化趋势符合线性回归曲线;向杂花粉、糖水、油菜蜂蜜中分别添加不同剂量的水分后,其电导率均随着温度升高和添加量增大而升高,电导率随温度的变化规律也符合线性回归关系,即y=ax+b(a,b为常数)。     

蜂蜜结晶研究进展

蜂蜜的结晶是影响当今蜂蜜生产与销售的关键因素之一.从温度、水分、果葡比、蜜源等方面综述了影响蜂蜜结晶的因素,并展望了蜂蜜结晶的研究方向.     

结晶蜂蜜的制作

日本一家养蜂株式会社,研究出一种新的结晶蜂蜜的制作方法。采用这种方法,可以把果糖含量高、几乎不能结晶的刺槐花蜂蜜结晶。即:把果糖含量高的刺槐花蜂蜜添加到葡萄糖含量较高又容易结晶的紫苜蓿花或各种菜花、莲花等蜂蜜混合(刺槐花蜂蜜的添加量占混合物总量的30％～60％)。接着,调整其糖度(白利糖度)达到80～82度后,冷却至27℃以下,作为母液。然后在该母液中添加结晶母(与前述母液相同的水分和糖分调制而成的结晶蜂蜜)。结晶母的添加量要占总量的10％～15％。混合好后,充进     

伊犁州成熟蜂蜜和未成熟蜂蜜中水分和糖成分的变化初探

对伊犁州的未成熟蜂蜜和成熟蜂蜜的水分、果糖、葡萄糖进行不同年份不同气候的检测,得出不同时期的指标变化。     

蜂蜜中脯氨酸含量和蜂蜜成熟度的相关性研究

蜂蜜中脯氨酸含量是评价蜂蜜质量的一个重要指标。在德国,蜂蜜中的脯氨酸含量和蜂蜜的成熟度存在相关性,认为脯氨酸含量小于180 mg/kg的蜂蜜是未成熟蜂蜜。本文以封盖与未封盖蜂蜜为研究对象,采用紫外可见分光光度法测定脯氨酸含量和阿贝折射仪测定相应的水分含量。结果表明,部分封盖蜜样品的水分含量高于20%,所有蜂蜜样品中脯氨酸含量都高于180 mg/kg,因此,中国的蜂蜜中脯氨酸含量和蜂蜜的成熟度没有相关性。     

后熟处理对蜂蜜品质的影响

为了探究后熟处理对蜂蜜品质的影响,本研究对送检的经不同后熟时间（0 h、12 h、36 h、48h和60 h）处理的五倍子蜂蜜进行主要品质指标（水分、淀粉酶活性、羟甲基糠醛、蔗糖、松二糖）的检测和分析。结果表明,五倍子蜂蜜中水分含量随着后熟时间的延长逐渐降低,后熟处理48 h后,五倍子蜂蜜中水分含量降至18.0%以下。松二糖、羟甲基糠醛、蔗糖和淀粉酶活性没有显著变化。经后熟处理60 h,最终包装成为成熟蜜后,五倍子蜂蜜中水分含量达15.9%,松二糖1.8%,淀粉酶活性15.4 mL/(g·h),蔗糖、羟甲基糠醛未检出,上述主要品质参数优于《GH/T 18796-2012蜂蜜》标准对蜂蜜一级品的要求;水分、松二糖、羟甲基糠醛等参数达到成熟蜂蜜要求。     

在干燥室中除去蜂蜜中水分

蜜脾如含水分较多,就不宜立即摇蜜。本文介绍在摇蜜前减轻蜂蜜中水分的几种方法。蜂蜜中水分蜂蜜吸水性强,所含水分受环境的相对湿度的影响。水分多的蜂蜜易发酵。在空气不足条件下会产生酒精,酒精又分解为醋酸和水,使蜂蜜明显地变酸;蜂蜜内部出现小     

蜂蜜外用浅析

蜂蜜外用浅析蜂蜜有润燥和敛湿的双重功效，这是由于蜂蜜在相对湿度较大时，从外界吸收水分，而在相对湿度较小时，则释放出水分。蜂蜜的这种特性，既可用于燥裂型、脱屑型皮肤疾患，又可用于脂溢性、浸出型、糜烂型皮肤疾患。蜂蜜在低浓度状态下，可抑制菌株生长，高浓度...     

蜂蜜醋酸发酵饮料配方及工艺研究

通过讨论蜂蜜添加量、酵母和醋酸菌接种量,发酵温度及时间对产品感官质量和发酵速度的影响,确定了蜂蜜醋酸饮料产品的最佳配方及发酵工艺。     

天然成熟蜜与非成熟蜜质价比研究

选择22个群势相当、蜂群结构相似的继箱群，按群势大小随机分成两组，一组生产天然成熟蜜，一组生产非成熟蜜，记录试验蜂群的群势、产蜜量、产浆量。结果表明：天然成熟蜜试验组（A组）的取蜜量平均为11552g，非成熟蜜试验组（B组）的平均取蜜量为28961g，B组的取蜜量是A组的2．51倍，t检验表明，P〈0．01，差异极显著；测定两组蜂蜜的含糖量，天然成熟蜜在80％（41度）以上，而非成熟蜜在36度左右，计算取糖量为：A组9309g，B组15649g；B组的取糖量是A组的1．68倍，P〈0．01，差异极显著；产浆量为：A组707g，B组691g，P〉0．05，差异不显著；群势下降率的平均值为：A组21％，B组23％，P〉0．05，差异不显著。结论，从蜂蜜的产量方面考虑，天然成熟蜜的价格应该是非天然成熟蜜的2．5倍。     

Effects of salinity and the use of shackle/leg sprays on the electrical conductivity of a commercial waterbath stunner for broilers

The effect of salinity and temperature on the electrical conductivity of a waterbath stunner was assessed in a commercial broiler processing plant. During a break in production, the waterbath was emptied and filled with either cold water, cold water plus sodium chloride, warm water, or warm water plus sodium chloride. Different concentrations of sodium chloride in distilled water at different temperatures were prepared in the laboratory and their conductivities were compared with the results obtained in the processing plant. No significant increase in conductivity was achieved through an increase in water temperature in either the laboratory or the processing plant, but there was an increase in conductivity after the addition of sodium chloride. However, the increase in conductivity was lost after 20 to 30 minutes of birds passing through the waterbath. The effects of the use, the location and the water temperature of the shackle/leg sprays on electrical conductivity were also studied, but under the conditions of the experiment none of these factors increased the electrical conductivity.     

不同养蜂合作组织形式对蜂蜜质量控制效果探讨

本文对2006年至2008年不同养蜂合作组织形式提供的蜂蜜原料进行了质量跟踪,对蜂蜜原料中的果糖和葡萄糖、蔗糖、羟甲基糠醛、淀粉酶活性、氯霉素、四环素族抗生素、碳-4植物糖含量等指标进行了检测分析,研究结果表明：不同的养蜂合作组织形式,由于对组织内养蜂户管理力度不同,其所生产的蜂蜜质量也有所不同。以亲情纽合的联合方式、产地公司＋当地固定养蜂户的联合方式和供应商＋转地固定养蜂户的联合方式生产的原料蜂蜜质量可靠性较强;公司＋无固定养蜂户的联合方式效果较差。     

Determination of acrinathrin residues in honey and beeswax.

The Asian bee mite (Varroa jacobsoni Oud.) causes variable damage in Hungarian apiaries due to the different and changing conditions. Plastic and wooden strips impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid-type active ingredients show a high efficacy against the mites. These treatments, however, may leave residues in bee products (honey, propolis, wax). After experimental treatment with Gabon PA 92, the levels of active ingredient (acrinathrin) residues were determined in honey and beeswax samples. The analytical results proved that the average concentration of acrinathrin residues was less than 0.01 mg/kg in honey and less than 0.10 mg/kg in beeswax. From the food-hygienic point of view it is favourable that the honey did not become 'contaminated' with acrinathrin during the experimental treatment. The analytical results serve as a basis for the registration of this veterinary product in Hungary.     

HPLC指纹图谱在蜂蜜种类识别中的应用研究

本文主要介绍了指纹图谱技术在蜂蜜种类识别和蜂蜜活性物质研究中的应用，并提出了我国开展蜂蜜指纹图谱研究的意义。     

云南不同地域野坝子蜂蜜及三种商品蜂蜜中维生素k含量比较研究

测定比较了云南省武定县、永胜县、祥云县、姚安县、大姚县的野坝子蜂蜜以及其他三种商品蜂蜜中维生素K(以下简称VK)的含量,结果表明:采自不同地域的野坝子蜂蜜中VK含量不同。其中采自祥云县的野坝子蜂蜜VK含量普遍较高,其次是大姚县、姚安县和永胜县,武定县的野坝子蜂蜜VK含量普遍偏低;不同品种的蜂蜜中VK含量差异较大。与其他3种市售商品蜜种(苕子蜜、枣花蜜和野藿香蜜)相比,野坝子蜂蜜的VK含量最高,其次是苕子蜜、野藿香蜜,VK含量最低的是枣花蜜。     

荆条花泌蜜歉收年景气候类型的分析

荆条是我国北方主要蜜源植物之一,其泌蜜量很不稳定,主要取决于花期气候条件,但与前期气候也有一定关系。本文分析了历年荆条泌蜜产量与气候因素的关系,得出了北京地区荆条泌蜜歉收年的两种主要气候型:花期低温多雨日型及前期高温花期干旱型。后者发生的年份将可能会增多。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法直接测定蜂蜜中脯氨酸

建立了高效液相色谱一电喷雾串联质谱法直接测定蜂蜜中脯氨酸的方法。蜂蜜样品用去离子水溶解后,过0．45μm水相微孔滤膜,高效液相色谱一电喷雾串联质谱进行分析检测。以Phenomenex C18（100mmx4．6mmx2．6μm）色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈和0．1％（v／v）甲酸-5mmol／L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行检测,外标法定量。通过加标验证,该方法检测低限可达25mg／kg,脯氨酸在0．5～10．0μg／mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0．99。在25、50和100mg/kg三个加标水平下,蜂蜜中脯氨酸平均回收率为83．7～109．6％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．4～10．9％。该方法样品处理简单、快速,结果准确,灵敏度高,可以作为日常蜂蜜中脯氨酸的检测方法。     

陇东地区不同生境下蜜蜂的种类及其生态分布

通过对陇东地区不同生境下蜜蜂种类的系统调查,共鉴定出该地区的蜜蜂物种有32种,隶属蜜蜂科7属,其中甘肃省新记录4种,甘肃省特有种3种.同时介绍了这些物种的分布区域、活动时期和发生概况,对揭示、保护、利用当地的蜜蜂资源具有积极的指导作用.     

The growing prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees in Spain, an emerging problem for the last decade

Microsporidiosis caused by infection with Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae has become one of the most widespread diseases of honey bees and can cause important economic losses for beekeepers. Honey can be contaminated by spores of both species and it has been reported as a suitable matrix to study the field prevalence of other honey bee sporulated pathogens. Historical honey sample collections from the CAR laboratory (Centro Apícola Regional) were analyzed by PCR to identify the earliest instance of emergence, and to determine whether the presence of Nosema spp. in honey was linked to the spread of these microsporidia in honey bee apiaries. A total of 240 frozen honey samples were analyzed by PCR and the results compared with rates of Nosema spp. infection in worker bee samples from different years and geographical areas. The presence of Nosema spp. in hive-stored honey from naturally infected honey bee colonies (from an experimental apiary) was also monitored, and although collected honey bees resulted in a more suitable sample to study the presence of microsporidian parasites in the colonies, a high probability of finding Nosema spp. in their hive-stored honey was observed. The first honey sample in which N. ceranae was detected dates back to the year 2000. In subsequent years, the number of samples containing N. ceranae tended to increase, as did the detection of Nosema spp. in adult worker bees. The presence of N. ceranae as early as 2000, long before generalized bee depopulation and colony losses in 2004 may be consistent with a long incubation period for nosemosis type C or related with other unknown factors. The current prevalence of nosemosis, primarily due to N. ceranae, has reached epidemic levels in Spain as confirmed by the analysis of worker honey bees and commercial honey.