MCS+型血细胞分离机采集血小板冲红的原因分析

目的 :了解MCS +型血细胞分离机采集血小板冲红的原因。方法 :将血细胞分离机采集血小板出现冲红的献血者 2 0名作为冲红组 ,随机选择正常机采血小板的献血者 2 0名作为对照组 ,对两组献血者机采前手指末梢血的红细胞计数 (RBS)、血红蛋白 (Hb)、红细胞体积分数 (Hct)、红细胞平均体积 (MCV)、红细胞平均血红蛋白 (MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC)和血浆总蛋白进行分析。结果 :冲红组多项血液参数 (包括Hb、Hct、MCV、MCH、MCHC)以及血浆总蛋白均明显低于对照组 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;而两组的外周末梢血RBC计数比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :冲红现象与外周血的Hb、Hct、MCV、MCH、MCHC以及血浆总蛋白等参数的水平降低有关。     

Structure of membranes: reaction of red blood cell membranes with phospholipase C

Treatment of human red blood cell membranes with phospholipase C releases 68 to 74 percent of the total membrane phosphorus into solution, through hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to diglycerides and water-soluble phosphorylated amines. In spite of this drastic change, the membrane remains intact in phase microscopy, and the average protein conformation in the membranes, as determined by circular dichroism measurements in the ultraviolet, is unaffected. These results are readily explained by a model of membrane structure that is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and in which the polar and ionic heads of lipids are on the outer surfaces of the membrane, in contact with the bulk aqueous phase and accessible to the action of phospholipase C.     

Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide.

Although the CD4 molecule is the principal cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several CD4-negative cell lines are susceptible to infection with one or more HIV strains. These findings indicate that there are alternate modes of viral entry, perhaps involving one or more receptor molecules. Antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (galactocerebroside, or GalC) inhibited viral internalization and infection in two CD4-negative cell lines derived from the nervous system: U373-MG and SK-N-MC. Furthermore, recombinant HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 bound to GalC but not to other glycolipids. These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells.     

The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) selectively infects cells expressing the CD4 molecule, resulting in substantial quantitative and qualitative defects in CD4+ T lymphocyte function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, only a very small number of cells in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected individuals are expressing virus at any given time. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vitro infection of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 results in downregulation of CD4 expression such that CD4 protein is no longer detectable on the surface of the infected cells. In the present study, highly purified subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AIDS patients were obtained and purified by fluorescence-automated cell sorting. They were examined with the methodologies of virus isolation by limiting dilution analysis, in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and gene amplification. Within PBMCs, HIV-1 was expressed in vivo predominantly in the T cell subpopulation which, in contrast to the in vitro observations, continued to express CD4. The precursor frequency of these HIV-1-expressing cells was about 1/1000 CD4+ T cells. The CD4+ T cell population contained HIV-1 DNA in all HIV-1-infected individuals studied and the frequency in AIDS patients was at least 1/100 cells. This high level of infection may be the primary cause for the progressive decline in number and function of CD4+ T cells in patients with AIDS.     

A heme export protein is required for red blood cell differentiation and iron homeostasis

Hemoproteins are critical for the function and integrity of aerobic cells. However, free heme is toxic. Therefore, cells must balance heme synthesis with its use. We previously demonstrated that the feline leukemia virus, subgroup C, receptor (FLVCR) exports cytoplasmic heme. Here, we show that FLVCR-null mice lack definitive erythropoiesis, have craniofacial and limb deformities resembling those of patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and die in midgestation. Mice with FLVCR that is deleted neonatally develop a severe macrocytic anemia with proerythroblast maturation arrest, which suggests that erythroid precursors export excess heme to ensure survival. We further demonstrate that FLVCR mediates heme export from macrophages that ingest senescent red cells and regulates hepatic iron. Thus, the trafficking of heme, and not just elemental iron, facilitates erythropoiesis and systemic iron balance.     

全量麦草旋耕还田轻简稻作技术规范

该文概述了全量麦草旋耕还田轻简稻作技术的意义和作用。根据试验示范结果,提出机械旋耕埋草技术及还草田抛秧、机插秧、直播稻等轻简稻作技术规范。     

全量麦草旋耕还田轻简稻作技术研究进展

阐明了麦草还田轻简稻作技术的研究进展,推荐了以机械旋耕埋草为基础,麦草全量还田利用为特征,实施抛秧、机插秧、直播稻等轻简稻作技术为主要内容的农机、农艺相结合的农田保育轻简稻作技术体系,展示了全量麦草旋耕还田轻简稻作技术的发展前景。     

DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.     

Hemadsorption-negative plaque test: new assay for rubella virus revealing a unique interference

A simple and rapid plaque procedure has been developed for detecting and accurately assaying rubella virus in a noncytopathic virus-cell relationship. Plaque-formation is based on the development, in individual cells infected with rubella virus, of a unique type of intrinsic interference to infection with Newcastle disease virus. Rubella virus-infected cells challenged with Newcastle disease virus and tested for hemadsorption 15 hours later stand out as hemadsorption-negative areas. Individual living cells infected with rubella virus can be resolved under conditions allowing standard cloning procedures. In principle, the hemadsorption-negative plaque test can be used to search for a new class of noncytopathic, non-hemadsorbing viruses-those that induce an intrinsic interference to infection by any hemadsorbing virus.     

Neuronal cell Thy-1 glycoprotein: homology with immunoglobulin

The amino acid sequences of mouse brain Thy-1 glycoproteins are shown to be homologous to those of variable-region immunoglobulin domains. There is also good homology with constant domains and beta 2-microglobulin; overall the results suggest that Thy-1 may be like the primordial immunoglobulin domain. Preliminary evidence for an invertebrate Thy-1 homolog supports this possibility.     

具有时滞和非线性感染率的HIV模型的稳定性和持续性

研究了一类具有时滞和非线性感染率的HIV-1模型.借助于基本再生数和线性化模型的特征方程,获得了无病平衡点稳定性的阈值条件,并给出了无时滞和有时滞HIV模型间的地方病平衡点稳定性的蕴含关系.在此基础上,利用持续性理论得到了系统一致持续生存的充要条件.     

Crystal structure of a neutralizing human IGG against HIV-1: a template for vaccine design

We present the crystal structure at 2.7 angstrom resolution of the human antibody IgG1 b12. Antibody b12 recognizes the CD4-binding site of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 and is one of only two known antibodies against gp120 capable of broad and potent neutralization of primary HIV-1 isolates. A key feature of the antibody-combining site is the protruding, finger-like long CDR H3 that can penetrate the recessed CD4-binding site of gp120. A docking model of b12 and gp120 reveals severe structural constraints that explain the extraordinary challenge in eliciting effective neutralizing antibodies similar to b12. The structure, together with mutagenesis studies, provides a rationale for the extensive cross-reactivity of b12 and a valuable framework for the design of HIV-1 vaccines capable of eliciting b12-like activity.     

昆虫细胞表达免出血症VP60蛋白间接ELISA方法建立及评价

采用Bac-to-Bac系统表达的兔出血症病毒(RHDV)结构蛋白VP60作为包被抗原,建立抗体检测间接ELISA方法,并对方法性能进行测定。试验以整合有VP60基因的重组杆状病毒接种Sf9昆虫细胞,感染细胞经裂解、离心初步纯化,作为包被抗原建立了检测RHD抗体的间接ELISA方法。经过对反应条件和试剂的优化选择,初步组装成间接ELISA试剂盒,并对其整体性能进行了评价。结果表明,含重组VP60蛋白的Sf9细胞裂解液最适包被稀释度为1:2000,换算为纯化VP60蛋白含量约为1.7μg·mL-1;待检血清最适稀释度为1:100;羊抗兔IgGHRP标记抗体最适使用浓度为1:30000。初步组装的ELISA试剂盒检测RHD阴性血清无假阳性反应,与其他常见兔病阳性血清无交叉反应,特异性良好;敏感性高于RHDV全病毒间接ELISA和血凝抑制试验,低于进口间接ELISA试剂盒;试剂盒批内和批间变异率在10%以内。37℃加速破坏试验和4℃保存期试验结果表明试剂盒保存期可以稳定在6个月。该方法可应用于兔出血症抗体水平监测及实验兔等级检测中。     

Antigen competition: antigens compete for a cell occurring with limited frequency

Experimentally altered ability of transferred spleen cells to generate hemolytic plaque-forming cells provided evidence that antigens compete for a type of multipotential cell that contributes to the formation of immunologically competent units. De'ay of exposure of transferred spleen cells to antigen provided results which suggest that different types of cells interact to form competent, antigen-reactive units even in the absence of antigen.     

Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: insights from the co-structure of AMA1 with a RON2 peptide

Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species actively invade host cells through a moving junction (MJ) complex assembled at the parasite-host cell interface. MJ assembly is initiated by injection of parasite rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) into the host cell, where RON2 spans the membrane and functions as a receptor for apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) on the parasite. We have determined the structure of TgAMA1 complexed with a RON2 peptide at 1.95 angstrom resolution. A stepwise assembly mechanism results in an extensive buried surface area, enabling the MJ complex to resist the mechanical forces encountered during host cell invasion. Besides providing insights into host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, the structure offers a basis for designing therapeutics targeting these global pathogens.     

GUS组织化学染色法--一种快速筛选抗二化螟转Bt cry1Ab基因水稻的方法

The time-consuming in vitro bioassay is the frequently used method to screen insect resistanttransgenic rice and often remains a tedious task for us.Here we reported the resistance of Bt trans-genic rice to striped stem borer by means of field natural infestation and in vitro bioassay.We foundthatthere was a significantcorrelation between the numberof GUSpositive plantsand the numberofinsectresistantplants,thus GUS histochemical assay could be used asa rapid and convenientmethodto screen ins…