猪场沼液对水芹菜重金属含量的影响

为评价利用沼液种植水芹菜的安全性,对某规模化猪场沼液和施用沼液的水芹菜不同部位重金属元素含量进行了测定。结果显示:(1)猪场沼液和水芹菜中的重金属元素以Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn为主,含有少量的Cd、Pb、Cr~(6+),未检出Hg和Se;(2)沼液中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr6~+的含量均达到国家农田灌溉水质标准;(3)施用沼液后,水芹菜中除了Pb之外其余重金属元素的含量均未超过国家限量标准;(4)水芹菜根中Cu、Mn、Zn和Cd的含量显著高于茎和叶(P0.05),叶中Pb的含量显著高于根和茎(P0.05),Fe、Mn、Zn、Cd、Pb和Cr~(6+)在茎、叶中的含量无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,施用猪场沼液对水芹菜中重金属元素Pb的含量提升较为明显,说明相对于其它重金属,水芹菜对Pb具有更强的富集能力。此外,水芹菜根部对Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cd和Cr~(6+)的富集能力强于叶部和茎部,但是Pb则表现为叶茎根。     

青海省部分地区猪饲料和粪便中重金属含量调查

为评估青海省部分地区猪饲料和粪便中重金属含量,对2013年采集的103份饲料样品和96份粪便样品进行了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量的检测与分析。结果表明,饲料和粪便中Cd和Cr含量均无超标;3份育肥猪饲料Pb超标,最大超标倍数为1.02倍;Cu、Zn超标率均达100%,饲料中Cu、Zn的最大超标倍数分别为6.01和4.94倍,粪便中Cu、Zn的最大超标倍数分别为7.20和17.86倍;粪与饲料中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量呈显著正相关或极显著正相关,提示饲料可能是粪便重金属污染的源头。     

泰州地区畜禽粪便中重金属含量调查

集约化畜禽养殖中,饲料中均添加多种微量元素,如硒、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、砷(As)等,导致畜禽粪便作为有机肥使用后,粪便中重金属残留影响土壤和水环境质量。本文采用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法,测定了泰州地区规模化养殖场畜禽粪便(鸡粪、鸭粪、鹅粪、猪粪和牛粪)中铜、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)、砷等7种元素含量。结果表明,猪粪和鸡粪中Cu、Zn、Cd含量高于其他3种粪便,牛粪和鹅粪中Cr含量较高。Cu、Zn和As在猪粪中的残留水平最高。Cu和Zn在不同粪便中的含量差别较大,猪粪中Cu的平均含量571.3 mg·kg~(-1)、中位数为370.8 mg·kg~(-1),明显高于其他畜禽粪便,鹅粪和牛粪含量最低;Zn在猪粪中的平均含量高达578.3 mg·kg~(-1)、中位数为506.9 mg·kg~(-1),鸡粪和鸭粪其次,鹅粪和牛粪的平均含量最低。参照德国腐熟堆肥重金属限量标准,除牛粪外,其他畜禽粪便中重金属含量均有超标现象,其中猪粪Cu、Zn、Cd严重超标,鸡粪Zn、Cd、Ni严重超标。根据我国畜禽粪便安全使用准则中在pH6.5土壤中使用限量标准,猪粪中As、Cu、Zn均超标。     

四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属分布研究

本试验旨在了解四川省常用能量饲料和蛋白质饲料中重金属的分布,为饲料和畜产品安全生产提供科学依据。采集四川省内常用的68份能量饲料[包括玉米、小麦、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、喷浆玉米皮、麦麸、米糠]和61份蛋白质饲料(包括玉米蛋白粉、玉米胚芽粕、豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕),利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)含量进行了测定。结果表明:1)玉米中的Cu、Cr和Pb超标率分别为5.00%、20.00%和5.00%,超标样品平均值分别为11.00、1.41和1.06 mg/kg;小麦中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se和Pb超标率分别为50.00%、30.00%、50.00%、20.00%和30.00%,超标样品平均值分别为12.96、54.67、4.92、0.53和0.72 mg/kg。2)麦麸中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为100.00%、54.55%、81.82%、9.09%,45.45%和72.73%,超标样品平均值分别为16.01、62.00、13.96、0.82、0.42和1.99 mg/kg;米糠中的Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为83.33%、16.67%、83.33%、83.33%、16.67%、66.67%和100.00%,超标样品平均值分别为11.48、64.00、5.37、1.05、0.32、0.23和19.57 mg/kg。3)玉米胚芽粕中的Cu、Zn、Cr、As、Se和Pb超标率分别为25.00%、37.50%、75.00%、12.50%、25.00%和50.00%,超标样品平均值分别为13.50、64.00、6.10、1.82、0.46和1.66 mg/kg;玉米蛋白粉中的Cu、Cr和Se超标率分别为11.11%、55.56%和55.56%,超标样品平均值分别为11.40、1.56和0.94 mg/kg;喷浆玉米皮中的Zn、Cr和Pb超标率分别为44.44%、77.78%和55.56%,超标样品平均值分别为57.50、6.13和1.65 mg/kg;DDGS中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为33.33%、58.33%、66.67%、8.33%、8.33%和66.67%,超标样品平均值分别为11.75、62.57、5.57、0.30、0.62和4.47 mg/kg。4)豆粕中的Cr和Se超标率分别为15.00%和25.00%,超标样品平均值分别为3.90和1.63 mg/kg;棉籽粕中的Cr、Se和Pb超标率分别为40.00%、30.00%和15.00%,超标样品平均值分别为3.43、1.18和3.14 mg/kg;菜籽粕中的Cr、As、Se、Cd和Pb超标率分别为81.82%、18.18%、45.45%、9.09%和72.73%,超标样品平均值分别为7.48、2.22、0.36、0.24和4.91 mg/kg。综合考虑,粮食加工副产物和菜籽粕中的重金属污染较严重,其中Cr和Pb的含量在部分饲料原料中严重超标,具有潜在的危险,应引起重视。     

应重视微量元素预混料质量

采用随机抽样方式，对目前市售20种微量元素预混料中Cu、Fe、Zn及有毒重金属元素Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Ni含量作了系统调查。结果表明，微量元素存在掺假现象，特别是Cu、Zn。其中Cu含量未达国家最低标准的占10％、Fe占35％、Zn占40％；另外Cu含量超出国家最高标准的占40％。有毒重金属中，Pb、AS全部符合国家标准，而Cd有85％超标，Hg有15％超标，Ni含量最高的达1659mg／kg。     

柞树叶与柞蚕蛹中的主要矿质元素及重金属元素含量测定

柞蚕及其饲料中的矿物质元素和有害重金属元素含量是科学评价柞蚕食品营养价值与实施产品生产质量监控的重要指标之一。在辽宁省6个市(县)选点采集柞蚕蛹和辽东栎柞树的叶片(采样柞蚕的饲料),在沈阳市采集分属5个种的柞树叶片,采用HNO_3-H_2O_2高压消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对上述样品中的矿物质元素和重金属元素含量进行测定。方法学验证加标回收率为97.50%~102.60%,相对标准偏差(RSD)3.13%。对柞树叶样品的检测结果表明,同一地区各种柞树叶片中的矿物质元素含量存在差异,槲、麻栎2个种叶片中的重金属元素Mn、Fe、As、Hg、Pb含量较高;来自不同地区的辽东栎叶片中的矿物质元素含量存在显著性差异,其中Mg、P、K、Ca、Mn平均质量比分别为2 909.13、1 727.28、7 060.91、13702.74、514.66 mg/kg,Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均质量比分别为280.11、15.48、22.75、5.19 mg/kg,Se的平均质量比为0.05 mg/kg,重金属元素Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的平均质量比分别为1.52、0.30、0.09、0.02、2.63 mg/kg。检测不同地区来源的柞蚕蛹样品中的矿物质元素含量存在显著性差异,其中Mg、P、K、Ca平均质量比分别为3 725.74、8 019.68、15 102.84、1 234.52 mg/kg,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均质量比分别为120.15、14.80、16.64、132.06、2.82 mg/kg,Se的平均质量比为0.37 mg/kg,重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cr、As、Cd的平均质量比分别为1.63、0.01、5.01、0.92、0.32 mg/kg。相关性分析表明,柞树叶与柞蚕蛹中的Mn含量中度相关且相关性达到显著水平(P0.05);柞树叶与柞蚕蛹中的P、K、Cr、Cu、Zn、As含量低度相关,Ni、Hg、Mg、Ca、Fe、Se、Cd、Pb含量在二者间的相关关系极弱。     

上海地区畜禽粪便中的重金属含量分析

为了解上海地区畜禽粪便中重金属含量情况,本文采用电感耦合等离子体法,检测了上海地区规模化养殖场畜禽粪便(猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪和羊粪)中铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)及铅(Pb)的含量。结果显示:Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg及Pb在4种畜禽粪便中含量存在差异,其中Cu、Zn、Ni在猪粪中的平均含量显著高于其他畜禽粪便(P0.05), Cu的平均含量约为291.12 mg·kg~(-1),中位数为175.97 mg·kg~(-1),Zn的平均含量约为707.45 mg·kg~(-1),中位数为726.75 mg·kg~(-1);比较了松江、崇明、金山、奉贤地区4种畜禽粪便中重金属含量水平,Cu、Zn、As、Pb在不同地区的畜禽粪便中含量呈现明显差异;不同养殖阶段猪粪中重金属含量存在差异,保育阶段Cu、Zn含量最高,平均含量分别约为1 111.81和13 105.23 mg·kg~(-1)。提示:应在源头上加强对饲料原料质量管理及饲料添加剂使用等环节的控制,并在末端加强环保处理水平,推动上海养殖业的持续绿色健康发展。     

规模化猪场育肥猪饲料、猪肉及粪便中重金属含量调查

对江苏省2个育肥猪场(A场和B场)的饲料、猪肉及粪样进行抽样调查,分析其中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd及Cr的含量。结果表明,2个规模化猪场的饲料、猪肉及粪便中重金属含量差异较大,参照我国生长肥育猪(60 kg以上)配合饲料(农业部1224公告)和德国腐熟堆肥中重金属限量标准,2个猪场育肥猪饲料中Cu、Zn含量分别超标191.7%、10.6%和41.4%、51.3%;猪粪中Cu、Zn含量分别超标310.69%、57.32%和85.94%、122.97%,B场猪粪Cd含量超标33.33%,饲料和猪粪中未发现Pb、Cr的超标现象,猪肉中重金属含量均未超标。结果提示饲料是畜禽粪便重金属污染的源头。     

湖南省畜禽粪污排放量估算与环境效应

了解湖南省畜禽粪便及其污染物排泄情况,为畜禽养殖业污染物防控与治理提供依据。本论文以《2011湖南农村统计年鉴》中畜禽出栏数作为统计基数,根据畜禽粪便排放系数和粪污含量,估测了2011年湖南省畜禽粪污排泄情况。结果表明,2011年湖南省畜禽粪便产生总量为6680.29万t,COD 327.49万t,BOD 302.39万t,NH₃-N 26.04万t,总磷30.78万t,总氮64.45万t;畜禽粪便中重金属排泄量分别为Zn 3802.54 t,Cu 2772.43 t,Cr 335.67 t,Pb 265.06 t,Cd 51.11 t,Ni 240.60 t,As 47.63 t,Hg 2.16 t;2011年湖南省畜禽粪便发酵生产沼气总量约为572088万m³。畜禽养殖业粪污排泄量巨大,危害之大,应坚持减量化、无害化和资源化三原则,倡导畜牧健康养殖理念。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定米糠中的常微量元素

采用微波消解法处理样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定米糠中的多种常微量元素,以确定米糠中元素的种类及含量。结果表明:ICP-AES法测定米糠中的常微量元素的检出限为0.001～0.075μg/ml,相对标准偏差RSD值小于4%;米糠中含有K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Al、Ni、Sr、Pb、Cd、As等元素,其中Ca、K、Na、Mg、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn含量比较丰富,大于50μg/g,Cr、Al、Ni含量较低,小于10μg/g;Sr及有害元素Pb、Cd、As含量均小1μg/g。     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts

The pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half-life (T_1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (C_max) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the C_max (T_max) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T_1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The T_max was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the C_max after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T_1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T_1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV.     

中国伞形科当归属及相关类群毛状体和果实结构的系统学价值

深入研究了当归属及其相关7属,古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,独活属,欧当归属,山芹属及前胡属毛状体和果实结构。结果显示毛状体及果实结构(如:毛状体细胞,翅,油管,维管束,中果皮,内果皮,结合面及结晶)可以用于区分当归属及其相关类群。滇南当归及隆萼当归应从当归属移入独活属,其余当归属物种分为结合面宽及结合面窄两组,前者与前胡属较为相似,但与独活属差别较大,后者与古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,欧当归属有相似之处。支持分子系统学揭示的当归属不是个自然类群,当归属与前胡属共同位于当归分支,而独活属位于独活分支。山芹属果实结构与其他属不同,翅的中果皮无细胞,且伴生油管位于维管束内侧,为分子系统学显示此属与高山芹属,柳叶芹属,及欧当归属亲缘关系较远提供了形态学依据。     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and Hereford beef cattle breeds in Kenya

This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist.     

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter and Salmonella strains isolated from decoys and raptors

Infections caused by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds can act as reservoirs of both pathogens. A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The overall prevalence detected for Campylobacter was 5.9% (18/306; CI_95%: 3.25–8.52) in decoys and 2.3% (9/387; CI_95%: 0.82–3.83) in wild raptors. Isolates were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari in both bird groups. Salmonella was isolated in 3.3% (10/306; CI_95%: 2.3–4.3) and 4.6% (18/394; CI_95%: 3.5–5.6) of the decoys and raptors, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most frequently identified serovars, although Salmonella serovars Anatum, Bredeney, London and Mikawasima were also isolated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates showed higher genetic diversity within Campylobacter species compared to Salmonella serovars. Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, while resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was found in Salmonella isolates. The results indicate that both decoys and raptors can act as natural carriers of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Spain, which may have important implications for public and animal health.     

Intake, live animal scores/measurements and carcass composition and value of late-maturing beef and dairy breeds

The objectives of this study were to compare the progeny of 1) late-maturing beef with dairy breeds and 2) Charolais (CH), Limousin (LM), Simmental (SM) and Belgian Blue (BB) sires bred to beef suckler dams, for feed intake, blood hormones and metabolites, live animal measurements, carcass traits and carcass value in bull and steer production systems. The bull system included 50 late-maturing beef breeds and 22 Holsteins (HO) slaughtered at approximately 15 months of age, whereas the steer system consisted of 56 late-maturing beef breeds and 23 British Friesians (FR) slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age. Beef breeds were suckled until approximately 8 months of age, while dairy breeds were artificially reared until weaning at approximately 3 months of age. All animals were finished on an ad libitum concentrate diet. Mean live weight, live weight gain, carcass gain and feed efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems during the finishing period when offered concentrates. Although there was no difference in feed intake between beef and dairy breeds, intake expressed relative to live weight was lower (P < 0.001) in beef breeds in both systems. At 10 months of age and pre-slaughter, beef breeds had higher (P < 0.001) muscularity scores and greater scanned muscle depth (P < 0.001) than their dairy contemporaries. Carcass weight, kill-out proportion, carcass conformation score, meat proportion and value were greater (P < 0.001) and carcass fat and bone proportions were lower (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems. Insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in beef than dairy breeds, whereas there was no difference in blood metabolites or IGF-1 concentrations. Feed intake expressed relative to live weight or feed efficiency did not differ between CH, LM, SM or BB sired progeny. Muscularity scores were greater (P < 0.05) in BB than SM, whereas skeletal scores were lower (P < 0.05) in LM than SM. Limousin had lower (P < 0.05) carcass gain per day of age than CH and SM, whereas SM had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass conformation score than BB and CH and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat score than CH. Simmental had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass meat proportion and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat proportion than CH, LM and BB, which were similar (P > 0.05). The improvement obtained for beef over dairy breeds in live weight gain was 12%, while the improvements in carcass gain and meat produced was 24% and 33%, respectively. This demonstrates that the importance of carcass data contributing to breed comparison studies cannot be over-emphasised.     

Babesiosis in dogs and cats--expanding parasitological and clinical spectra

Canine babesiosis caused by different Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Historically, Babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. All large forms of Babesia were designated Babesia canis, whereas all small forms of Babesia were considered to be Babesia gibsoni. However, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other Babesia species such as Babesia conradae, Babesia microti like piroplasm, Theileria spp. and a yet unnamed large form Babesia spp. infect dogs and cause distinct diseases. Babesia rossi, B. canis and Babesia vogeli previously considered as subspecies are identical morphologically but differ in the severity of clinical manifestations which they induce, their tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions, and are therefore currently considered separate species. The geographic distribution of the causative agent and thus the occurrence of babesiosis are largely dependent on the habitat of relevant tick vector species, with the exception of B. gibsoni where evidence for dog to dog transmission indicates that infection can be transmitted among fighting dog breeds independently of the limitations of vector tick infestation. Knowledge of the prevalence and clinicopathological aspects of Babesia species infecting dogs around the world is of epidemiologic and medical interest. Babesiosis in domestic cats is less common and has mostly been reported from South Africa where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus. In addition, Babesia cati was reported from India and sporadic cases of B. canis infection in domestic cats have been reported in Europe, B. canis presentii in Israel and B. vogeli in Thailand. Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. Clinical and parasitological cure are often not achieved in the treatment of small Babesia species infections and clinical relapses are frequent. The spectrum of Babesia pathogens that infect dogs and cats is gradually being elucidated with the aid of molecular techniques and meticulous clinical investigation. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the correct therapy and prediction of the course of disease.     

Seedling Defoliation and Drought Stress: Variation in Intensity and Frequency Affect Performance and Survival

Our ability to restore rangelands is limited, and it is unknown if seedling herbivory on its own, or in interaction with other stressors, is a major contributor to restoration failure. To address this, we conducted two experiments: a No Defoliation (ND) experiment (n = 48), in which seedlings from three perennial grasses (crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum {(L.} Gaertn.], bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegnaria spicata {Pursh} Á. Love], Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J Presl]) were subjected to wet and dry water regimes for 4 mo, and a concurrent Defoliation (D) experiment (n = 95), in which seedlings were factorially assigned to two defoliation treatments—frequency (LOW, HIGH) and intensity (30% vegetation removal, 70% vegetation removal). Indicators of seedling performance were aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB), root:shoot ratio, tillering, and mortality. The effect size statistic, Hedge’s g, allowed for comparisons between performance measures. Water stress induced reductions in most performance measures: BGB (g = ND: –1.3; D: –1.6), root:shoot ratio (g = ND: n.s.; D: –0.2), and tillering (g = ND: –1.7; D: –1.2), though not significantly for all species. For ABG, water stress interacted with defoliation, reducing performance less at an intensity of 70% (g = –2.0) as opposed to 30% (g = –3.0), but not always significantly in the former. Water stress also caused less reduction in AGB when no defoliation occurred (ND: –0.8; g = D: –2.5). Intensity and frequency of defoliation interacted; seedlings were generally resistant to reductions in performance except at high frequency, 70% defoliation. Agropyron cristatum and P. spicata displayed similar sensitivity to treatments, mostly in terms of changes in AGB and BGB, while P. secunda also experienced increased mortality and reduced tillering. If these differences in sensitivity result in differential survival, herbivory could impact species postrestoration population demographics.     

Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control

Fish and aquatic-derived zoonotic diseases have caused considerable problems in the aquaculture industry and fishery worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases can pose widespread threats to humans. With the world’s growing population and potential global trade of aquaculture and fish, the risk of environmental contamination and development of fish and aquatic-derived zoonoses in humans are increasing. The important causes of zoonoses include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The zoonotic bacterial agents are divided into two main groups: Gram-positive (Mycobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Erysipelothricaceae families) and Gram-negative (Aeromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Pseudomondaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Hafniaceae families). The premier parasitic agents include cestodes (tapeworm; e.g. Diphyllobothrium spp.), trematodes (fluke; e.g. Opisthorchis spp.), and nematodes (round worm; e.g. Anisakis spp.). In addition, protozoan organisms such as Cryptosporidium spp. are also considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens. Two groups of fish-associated fungi causing basidiobolomycosis and sporotrichosis also pose a zoonotic risk for humans. The majority of the fish-derived zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products. Therefore, the incidence of zoonotic diseases can be reduced by properly processing fish and fish products, e.g. by thermal (heat/freezing) treatment. The prevalence of zoonotic agents in fishes varies seasonally and should be regularly monitored to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens in both wild and cultured fish populations. This review focuses on the fish zoonotic agents/diseases and their control and prevention.