气调包装对冷却肉护色保鲜效果的研究

不同气体成分比例和不同包装材料影响冷却肉的贮藏保鲜品质。本研究通过填充不同比例的CO、CO₂和N₂,结合不同阻隔性能的包装材料,分析气调包装对冷却肉护色保鲜的效果。结果表明当充气比例为1%CO、25%CO₂和74%N₂时冷藏21d,冷却肉的出水率为1.54%,红度值(a*)值最大,细菌总数增加量最少,挥发性盐基氮含量最低,色泽、风味和外观感官性能最佳,综合护色保鲜效果最优。同时,高阻隔性的包装材料能显著性地维持冷却肉的色泽,降低失水率,抑制微生物的生长。本研究显示适宜的气体成分组成配合高阻隔性的包装材料,更加有利于冷却肉的护色保鲜。     

3种不同脱水方式处理对金枪鱼碎肉挤压产物品质的影响比较

为了获得品质最佳的金枪鱼挤压产物,本试验以金枪鱼碎肉为原料,探讨了炒制、热泵干燥和真空干燥3种脱水方式对挤压产物品质的影响。结果表明,3种脱水方式对挤压产物的色差、膨化率、硬度和咀嚼度无显著影响。经炒制制得的挤压膨化产物,其组织化度最高,为1.62,蛋白质体外消化率最高、酸价最低,分别为84.41%和18.09 mg·g-1。而经热泵和真空干燥处理得到的挤压产物,其组织化度为0.97和1.03,蛋白质体外消化率为81.77%和78.42%,酸价为32.76 mg·g-1和26.36 mg·g-1。相比其他2种脱水方式,炒制脱水有利于提高金枪鱼碎肉挤压膨化产物的组织化度,保持蛋白质的营养价值,并降低产物中脂肪的氧化程度。本研究为金枪鱼碎肉的挤压膨化提供了一定的理论依据。     

大目金枪鱼加工副产物中鱼油提取制备及EPA分离纯化

为获得较高纯度的乙酯型EPA金枪鱼油,以大目金枪鱼加工副产物为原料,通过响应面法优化酶辅助提取粗鱼油的工艺参数,并采用粗鱼油精制、化学催化乙酯化、多级分子蒸馏和尿素包合初步纯化、精馏高纯化,以及合成银离子功能材料螯合制备分离等一系列技术手段进行制备。结果表明,优化的酶解提取法工艺条件为:酶解pH值8.5、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间3 h,此条件下粗鱼油提取率高达43.69%。乙酯化鱼油经多级分子蒸馏和尿素包合处理后,EPA和DHA总量可达80.00%以上,且分别占46.34%和34.58%。对该鱼油进行精馏试验,获得EPA乙酯,其含量达到82.40%,得率为39.00%,在此基础上,进一步使用银硫醇硅胶制备得到96.30%的EPA乙酯,得率为32.90%。本研究结果为鱼类加工副产物的高值化利用提供了一定参考。     

Effect of Chromium and Lead on Yield,Chemical Composition of Essential Oil,and Accumulation of Heavy Metals of Mint Species

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing levels (30.0 and 60.0 mg kg^?1 soil) of chromium and lead on the yield, chemical composition of essential oil, and phytoaccumulation of heavy metals of three mint species (Mentha arvensis, M. piperita, and M. citrata). The fresh herbage yield of M. arvensis was not significantly affected by the application of chromium and lead, but its essential oil yield was significantly decreased by the application of chromium and lead as compared to the control. The fresh herbage, root yield, and essential oil yield of M. piperita were significantly increased and those of M. citrata were decreased by the increase in the levels of chromium and lead applications. The levels of α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, menthone, and isomenthone in M. arvensis and M. piperita oil and of sabinene, pinene, and linalyl acetate in M. citrata oil were considerably affected by the application of chromium and lead to soils as compared to control plants. The concentrations of chromium in shoots and roots of mint species significantly increased as the levels of chromium in soil increased. The increases in the levels of lead in soil enhanced the concentrations of lead in the shoots and roots of mint species as compared to the control. The accumulations of chromium and lead were greater in the roots than in the shoots in all the three species of mint. Mentha piperita was found to be the most suitable crop for cultivation in the chromium- and lead-contaminated soils, followed by M. arvensis and M. citrata.     

固封精油熏蒸对油桃采后保鲜效果的影响

为开发一种新的植物精油保鲜方法,本试验用琼脂平板固封百里香精油和薄荷精油,制成精油香膏,使精油缓慢释放,用于熏蒸油桃,并采用固相微萃取-气质联用(SPME-GCMS)分析精油香膏熏蒸时盒内空气中精油活性成分的变化,同时比较不同精油香膏熏蒸对油桃果实腐烂指数、失重率、硬度、抑菌能力以及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸和类...     

Influence of different dates of planting on growth,herb, oil yield and quality of essential oil of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) in the North Indian Plain

A field experiment was conducted for two years (2007–2008 and 2008–2009) to study the effect of different dates of planting for three menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) cultivars (Saksham, Kushal and Kosi; developed by Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India) on herb yield, oil yield and oil quality. All the cultivars produced higher herb and oil yields when planted on 18 February, compared with cultivars planted on other dates in both years. Average herb yield for Saksham increased by 12.89, 30.66, 54.01 and 85.71%, average herb yield for Kushal increased by 15.09, 30.57, 71.69 and 104.91%, and average herb yield for Kosi increased by 32.48, 53.28, 87.23 and 109.49% when planted on 4 January, 19 January, 3 February and 18 February, respectively, over cultivars planted on 20 December. Among the cultivars, Kosi produced a higher herb yield than Saksham and Kushal planted on 18 February. Saksham, Kushal and Kosi produced ～89.39, 152.04 and 170.22% higher oil yield, when planted on 18 February over their respective planting date of 20 December. Maximum menthol content was recorded in cultivar Saksham when planted on 18 February and in Kushal and Kosi when planted on 4 March.     

烹饪方式对安岳坛子肉风味的影响

为了解四川安岳坛子肉的特征风味及烹饪方式对其特征风味的影响,采用电子鼻、电子舌及气质联用仪研究不同烹饪方式(蒸制和烤制)对坛子肉风味物质组成及其含量的影响。结果表明,烤制坛子肉与生制坛子肉、蒸制坛子肉与生制坛子肉、烤制坛子肉与蒸制坛子肉的判别因子分析聚类差异极显著(P <0.01)。2种烹饪方式得到的熟制坛子肉的风味化合物主要包括醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、醚类、含硫化合物和杂环化合物七大类。烤制形成的风味物质种类高达101种,常温蒸制61种,此外,异戊醇、乙醛、丁酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、吡啶、呋喃和丙酮构成蒸制坛子肉的特征风味,己醛、丁酸丁酯、正己酸乙酯和4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮构成烤制坛子肉的特征风味。本研究结果为坛子肉即食食品的精深加工提供了理论依据。     

胜红蓟精油复合微乳液体系构建及其对芦柑保鲜的影响

为更好的资源化利用入侵植物胜红蓟,提高芦柑的保鲜效果,本研究以胜红蓟精油为油相,吐温-80为表面活性剂,乙醇为助表面活性剂,碳酸钠和羧甲基壳聚糖水溶液为水相,采用拟三元相图筛选最优纳米级复合微乳液体系,并检测其在不同浓度(2.5、5.0、10.0和20.0 mg·mL^-1)下对意大利青霉、指状青霉和扩展青霉的抑菌活性和芦柑染菌抑制效果,用最优浓度处理芦柑果实,探究其对芦柑在不同贮藏条件下(25℃和4℃)的保鲜效果。结果表明,最优复合微乳液体系(A₈₀)的配方为胜红蓟精油∶乙醇∶吐温-80∶3%碳酸钠∶0.5%羧甲基壳聚糖=0.13∶0.38∶0.13∶1∶3,其粒径为34.47 nm。复合微乳液体系浓度为20 mg·mL^-1时,对意大利青霉、指状青霉和扩展青霉的抑菌效果最好,抑制率分别为64.86%、60.23%和86.96%,对芦柑的染菌抑制率为76.48%。此浓度复合微乳液A₈₀对4℃贮藏条件的芦柑保鲜效果最好,贮藏30 d后芦柑失重率为22.24%,对照组失重率为26.47%,腐烂率为11.33%,较对照组降低50%。构建的胜红蓟精油复合微乳液体系处理芦柑,不仅可以有效抑菌,延缓芦柑果实水分散失和重量损失,而且能延长芦柑的保鲜期。本研究结果为胜红蓟精油天然保鲜剂的开发和芦柑储藏保鲜提供了一定的理论基础。     

辐照综合保鲜对冷鲜鸡货架期的影响

为延长冷鲜鸡的货架期,以淋洗、快速降温的真空包装冷鲜鸡为材料,利用300 mg·L~(-1)茶多酚+200 mg·L~(-1)D-异抗坏血酸钠复合液浸泡和2.5 kGy剂量γ射线辐照进行综合处理,研究了辐照综合保鲜技术对冷鲜鸡细菌总数和菌相、理化指标、质构等指标的影响。结果表明,辐照使冷鲜鸡的起始菌数量降低,保鲜期从小于14 d延长至28 d。试验组在保鲜期末假单胞菌和肠杆菌构成优势菌,细菌数由3.26 lg(CFU·g-1)增至5.57 lg(CFU·g-1),过氧化值由3.6 meq·kg-1增至7.8 meq·kg-1,TVB-N值由8.24 mg·100g-1增至14.3 mg·100g-1,质构、色度的变化仍符合国家食品安全标准规定,辐照综合保鲜有效延长了冷鲜鸡货架期。本研究结果为冷鲜鸡拓展市场提供了一定的技术支持。     

影响大蒜精油提取得率的工艺参数研究

研究了大蒜精油提取条件，包括反应温度、反应pH值、反应时间和蒸馏时间对大蒜精油提取得率的影响，初步确定了采用鲜蒜提取风味物质的最适工艺条件。     

NO-AMPK通路对牛肉宰后成熟过程中蛋白特性与肉品质的影响

为研究宰后NO-AMPK通路对牛肉蛋白特性及肉品质的影响,以一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NAME、一磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂Compound C处理的牛臀股四头肌为研究对象,生理盐水处理作为对照,将肉样与处理液在4℃条件下1:1(g:mL)混合浸泡12 h后,在成熟0、6、12、24、48、72、120 h测定肉样的蛋白功能特性、保水性、嫩度以及肌肉组织结构等相关指标。结果显示,L-NAME组中一氧化氮NO含量在6~72 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05);3组中AMPK活性先增大后减小,L-NAME组和Compound C组中AMPK活性在6 h分别比对照组降低14.78%和26.75%;L-NAME组中总蛋白溶解性在6、24 h低于Compound C组,高于对照组(P<0.05),表面疏水性在12、48 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05)并高于Compound C组;L-NAME组中剪切力仅在48 h显著高于对照组并低于Compound C组(P<0.05);对照组中肉样蒸煮损失最大,Compound C组中肉样蒸煮损失最小。以上结果表明,牛肉宰后成熟过程中,NO能够通过AMPK通路改善牛肉嫩度,但对其保水性产生了不利影响。本研究结果可为牛肉宰后能量代谢及肉品质控制相关研究提供一定的理论基础。