四个杨树无性系在不同温度和相对湿度条件下净光合速率的比较研究

选择两个速生的（群众杨－４４和欧美杨２５／８６）和两个慢生的（小叶杨和欧美杨２８／８６）杨树无性系，在水培和生长箱控制条件下，测定了净光合速率（Ｐｎ）、光饱和点（ＬＳＰ）、光补偿点（ＬＣＰ）、表观光量子产量（Φ）、气孔传导度（Ｃｓ）和蒸腾速率的变化特点。结果表明，四个杨树无性系的ＬＳＰＬＣＰ，Φ．ＣＳ和最大的Ｐｎ对温度和相对湿度的响应特征不同。这可能反映了杨树无性系生态型差别，同时也为杨树无性系在生理指标基础上进行早期选择提供了证据     

杨树黄叶病害对叶片光合和蒸腾作用的影响研究

本文以修武县杨树黄叶病为对象,研究了其光合蒸腾作用,结果表明:健康的杨树的光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均最高,其次是喷施FeSO4的杨树黄叶病株,未处理的病树3种指标最低,说明喷施FeSO4能显著提高杨树病株光合作用、蒸腾速率和气孔导度。     

细胞分裂素:杨树气孔运动的调节剂

通过在三种杨树无性系，Ｉ－２１４（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ×ｅｕｒａｎｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｖ．Ｉ－２１４）（ｌｔａｌｉｃａ）、中东杨（Ｐ．ｂｅｒｏｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）（Ｂｅｒｏｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和群众杨（Ｐ．ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓ３５－４４）（Ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓ）一年生盆栽插条苗的木质部导入ＡＢＡ和细胞分裂素，研究了这两类激素在气孔调控中的作用。尽管不同无性系的气孔在对ＡＢＡ的敏感性上存在显著差异，但ＡＢＡ仍可导致气孔的关闭，然而在蒸腾流中的细胞分裂素（与ＡＢＡ共导入或分别导入）可以明显地抑制ＡＢＡ的作用。并且玉米素还能推迟土壤干旱所诱导的气孔关闭，在水分胁迫条件下，内源细胞分裂素浓度下降而同时ＡＢＡ上升．据此提出了复合胁迫信号的概念，即在根冠通讯中，是ＡＢＡ和细胞分裂素共同调控气孔的运动。另外还研究了玉米素、激动素、６－ＢＡ等不同细胞分裂素与ＡＢＡ的相互作用，结果发现６－ＢＡ与玉米素和激动素的作用相反，它不能抑制ＡＢＡ的作用，反而促进其对气孔的关闭     

不同杨树无性系扦插苗水分利用效率的差异及其生理机制

植物的生理需水和用水率存在显著差异,并且这种差异受基因控制,可以进行遗传改良(张正斌等,2000;张正斌,2003;Condon et al.,2002;Gorny,1999;Udayakumar et al.,1998).     

不同栽培条件下枣树幼果期光合作用日变化规律的研究

笔者以10年生壶瓶枣为试材,研究了枣树在灌溉、未灌溉、遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠5个处理下光合作用的日变化规律。结果表明:干旱条件降低了树体的光合作用,通过遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠可以提高树体的气孔导度,调节叶片的蒸腾,提高树体的光合速率,保证光合作用的进行。亚硒酸钠处理显著提高了叶片上午的净光合速率,气孔导度和蒸腾速率都比其他处理高。     

六个杨树无性系苗木生长、生物量和光合作用的研究*

六个杨树无性系苗木（２年生根１年生于）叶面积、苗高和地径的季生长用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ方程模拟，根据模拟参数分别计算最大绝对生长速率，平均绝对生长速率，生长期和拐点。结果为：六个无性系之间在生长速率、拐点和生长期方面均有明显的差异；最好的欧美杨６４号生长季末的总生物量是赤峰杨３４号的六倍多；六个无性系的总生物量与它们的总叶面积、平均单个叶片的面积、叶面积的平均生长速率和每株树的日净光合总量等呈正相关，而与单位叶面积的日净光合总量呈负相关；总生物量生产依赖于叶面积、苗高、直径的生长速率及其生长期。     

四个生长季高浓度CO_2处理长白松的气孔响应(英文)

在长白山站以开顶箱方式对4 年生长白松连续4 个生长季进行CO2 处理,包括700 和500 μmolmol-1 高浓度CO2,以及接受空气CO2的对照箱和不扣箱的裸露地条件(约350 μmolmol-1 CO2),通过测定气孔导度(gs),ci/ca比及气孔数量等指标评价气孔对高浓度CO2的响应。气孔导度及ci/ca比的转换实验表明,在各自生长CO2下和在相同测定CO2 下进行比较时,生长在高浓度CO2 下植株的气孔导度要高于空气CO2 下对照组植株的气孔导度(除700 μmol mol-1 CO2 下的植株在生长CO2 浓度下及在350 μmol mol-1 CO2 下测定时的气孔导度低于裸地植株外)。在各自生长CO2浓度下测定时,高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca比低于对照组植株,但在相同测定CO2浓度下比较时,却是高浓度CO2下植株的ci/ca高于对照组植株的ci/ca比。高浓度CO2下植株与对照组植株在每单位长度气孔数量上无明显差异,但高浓度CO2通过降低气孔线数使长白松当年生针叶的总气孔数量降低,并且改变了气孔在针叶上、下表面的分配模式。表4 参18。     

不同光照和温度处理对杉木种子萌发的影响

为探求不同光照和温度对杉木种子萌发的影响,该研究以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种子为试验对象,设置红光、蓝光、白光3个光照处理条件,每个光照处理条件设0,5,20μmol/(m2·s)3个光量梯度,并测量了萌发率、萌发指数和发芽势.结果表明:白光5μmol/(m2·s)、红光20μmol/(m...     

光照、温度和沙藏对草珊瑚种子萌发的影响

在三明市三元区研究草珊瑚种子发芽率和发芽指数与光照、温度和沙藏时间的关系.结果表明,光照、温度和沙藏时间对草珊瑚种子的发芽率和发芽指数影响极显著,最高发芽率是最低的3.10倍,最高发芽指数是最低的8.63倍.有光照的草珊瑚发芽率显著高于无光照的发芽率;随着温度的增加,草珊瑚种子发芽率表现出先升后降的趋势,25℃时种子发芽率和发芽指数最高;沙藏时间对种子发芽率和发芽指数影响最大,沙藏90 d的种子发芽率在90.00％以上.影响草珊瑚种子发芽率的各因素作用大小依次为沙藏时间＞光照＞沙藏时间×光照＞温度＞沙藏时间×温度,影响发芽指数的各因素作用大小依次为沙藏时间＞光照＞温度＞沙藏时间×温度＞沙藏时间×光照.因此,草珊瑚种子宜分批采种、晾干后即沙藏,3月底到4月间播种,播种时宜浅播.     

云南松种子萌发对温度、光照和GA3的响应

选择我国西南地区特有树种云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）为对象,研究了其种子萌发对温度、光照和外源性赤霉素及其交互作用的响应。结果表明：（1）20/5℃、25/10℃条件下云南松种子萌发率最高（分别为42%±0.30、40.25%±0.31）,温度过高（30/20℃）、过低（4℃）均不利于云南松种子萌发;（2）在光照和黑暗条件下,云南松种子均可正常萌发,光照对云南松种子萌发率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;(3)云南松种子为非休眠类型,在攀西地区春季雨季前期播种有利于其幼苗建立。本文揭示了种子萌发对不同环境因子的响应特征,旨在认识云南松种子的萌发特性,促进造林工程中科学储藏种子和适时、适地播种,对提高西南地区生态恢复造林成活率和幼林的保存率具有重要意义。     

Photosynthetic response to variation in CO2 concentrations and temperature of four broad-leaved trees in Beijing region

Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics to variation in CO₂ concentration and temperature of Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Magnolia denudata and Tilia japonica were measured during the peak growing season. The results show that the ambient CO₂ concentration could not meet the requirements for photosynthesis of these four species. The optimal temperatures for photosynthesis were lower than the average daytime air temperature. Hence, the photosynthesis of these four species was restricted by the low CO₂ concentration and high daytime air temperature at the time of measurement. Marked enhancements in the net photosynthetic rate were found in all four species when the CO₂ concentration was doubled. When the dependency on CO₂ and temperature were examined simultaneously, it was seen that for increased CO₂ concentrations there was a shift in the optimum temperature for M. denudata and T. japonica towards higher temperatures. Due to their independence on CO₂ concentrations, this trend could not be found in the G. biloba and E. ulmoides data sets. The stomatal conductance (G _s) was sensitive to a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) which in turn was sensitive to temperature. An increase in temperature would cause the VPD to increase and plants might be assumed to react by reducing their stomatal apertures. The effect on stomatal resistance would be most significant at high temperatures. The restriction to stomatal conductance for these four species would increase if CO₂ concentrations were elevated at the same temperature. __________ Translated from Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2006, 29 (6): 39–43 [译自: 河北农业大学学报]     

Association between temperature,relative humidity and concentration of volatile organic compounds from wooden furniture in a model room

Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wooden furniture in a child's room were investigated. A model room was set up in a 12?m³ test chamber, and in parallel, a scaled-down version was run in a 1?m³ test chamber. The latter had a steady climate of 23°C/50% relative humidity (RH), while the temperature and humidity conditions were varied in the 12?m³ chamber between 18 and 28°C, and 30 and 80% RH. Compounds found were α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene and hexanal. Variations in the climate showed that there is an association between temperature and room concentrations of all found VOCs. Changes in RH showed effect on hexanal concentration, and all monoterpene concentrations remained unaffected.     

水分逆境下杨树光合作用的气孔与非气孔调控

对杨树无性系：Ｉ－２１４（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｖ．Ｉ－２１４〕，健杨（Ｐ．ｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａＧｕｉｎｉｒｃｖ．Ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ），中东杨（Ｐ．ｂｅｒｏｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）和群众杨（Ｐ．Ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｉｓ３５－４４）一年生盆栽插条苗进行干旱处理，研究了水分胁迫对四种苗木光合作用和叶绿素ａ荧光的影响．结果发现，苗木受旱后可变荧光提高２０－５０％，而恒定荧光未受水分胁迫的影响。鉴于光抑制是以可变荧光的降低为特征，因此得出光系统ＩＩ光反应中心未受伤害的结论。对土壤干旱敏感的Ｉ－２１４和健杨受旱后净光合作用（Ｐｎ）剧烈下降，主要是由于非气孔因素的影响：即ＲＵＢＰ羧化酶（Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ）的活性降低．耐旱性强的群众杨和中东杨，Ｐｎ下降的幅度较小，气孔因素和非气孔因素都是影响光合作用的因子。通过干旱或ＡＢＡ处理的叶片叶温升高，抑制了Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ的活性，也使叶绿素ａ荧光诱导曲线上的Ｍ峰消失，从而证实了Ｍ峰与光合作用暗反应的相关性。     

温湿度对广东阳春市马尾松毛虫种群的影响

利用广东省阳春市多年观察的马尾松毛虫林间发生情况和气象站气候监测数据,通过数理统计的方法研究了温湿度对马尾松毛虫种群的影响,找出温度、湿度与马尾松毛虫种群发生的关系,模拟出阳春市马尾松毛虫发生规律。研究表明：3月和8月的平均气温,4、5、6月的月平均湿度和4、5、6、12月的温湿系数与马尾松毛虫的发生都有显著的相关关系。     

植物不同配置模式对绿地小气候温湿度的影响

经过选择密林、灌草、乔草、草坪、乔灌草、水生植物、灌木绿篱、硬化地面绿化共8种植物配置模式,并以硬化地面作为对照进行温、湿度的测量。运用SAS软件进行分析发现,在和硬化地面的温度差异性比较中,草坪、灌草、乔草、灌木绿篱、硬化地面绿化、乔灌草、密林皆差异性显著。在和硬化地面的湿度差异性比较中,灌木绿篱、乔灌草、密林、草坪、灌草差异显著。密林的不同水平位置之间,温度的差异显著,但湿度的差异并不显著。经过相关性分析发现,气温和植物的高度呈线性负相关,但是湿度与植物高度的相关性不明显。     

Net photosynthetic response to light intensity of shoots from different crown positions and age in picea abies (L.) karst

Carbon dioxide uptake response to light intensity of detached shoots of open‐ and forest‐grown Norway spruces was investigated in controlled standard conditions. The initial slope of the CO₂ uptake light response curve, calculated on leaf area basis and the internal conductance, calculated on leaf weight basis were almost constant for shoots from different positions in the forest canopy. In open‐grown trees the maximum photosynthesis and internal conductance (on leaf weight basis) decreased in relation to the tree age, so that in the 8‐year‐old tree it was about two times of that in the 66‐year‐old tree. These results suggest that 1) the enhanced efficiency of “shade” shoots is caused by morphologic adaptation, i.e. the more sparsely packed photosynthetic apparatus in needles and shoots, and 2) adaptational possibilities of Norway spruce photosynthetic apparatus, its ecological plasticity diminish during tree ontogenesis.     

核桃叶片内多酚黄酮类成分对低温胁迫的响应

作为植物体内重要的次生代谢物,植物多酚对研究植物防御极端环境的基础有重要作用。为了了解核桃内多酚类成分对不同寒冷温度响应的含量变化,采用0℃、-2℃、-4℃、-6℃、-8℃几个低温进行处理,研究了在不同时间核桃叶片多种成分(多酚、黄酮、花青素、还原型VC)对低温胁迫响应的规律。结果表明:核桃叶片黄酮、茶多酚、花青素含量在不同低温胁迫下呈先降后升的变化规律,还原型VC含量在不同的低温胁迫下呈先升后降的变化规律;黄酮含量在-8℃胁迫24h后达最高值23.64mg/g,多酚含量在-6℃胁迫72h后达到最高值36.71%,花青素含量在-6℃胁迫48h后达到最高值5.22 mg/g,还原型VC含量在-2℃胁迫72h后达到最高值193.60mg/100g。这些结果表明,核桃叶片内源物质含量和低温胁迫有较强的相关性。     

Family Variation in the Morphology and Physiology of White Spruce (Picea glauca) Seedlings in Response to Elevated CO2 and Temperature

Tree improvement programs aim to develop families that are well-adapted to future growing conditions. To gain insight into the stability of the family genetic response to climate change, white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings from 60 full-sib families were subjected to a combination of two temperature regimes and two levels of CO₂ over two growing seasons. There was positive effect of warmer temperatures and higher CO₂ on some growth variables but no significant family × treatment interactions. Instantaneous water use efficiency was the only physiological trait that was affected positively by the CO₂ treatment, showing a 51% increase that was consistent across families.     

弱光生态型盾叶薯蓣对不同光照的长期适应--光合速率、光呼吸和电子传递速率的变化

对弱光生态型盾叶薯蓣在生长光强为1.5、10、15、30、55、100、270 μmol·m-2s-1的长期适应进行了测定.结果表明,生长在光强为100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣叶片有最大光合放氧速率,同时也有最大的光呼吸速率.生长在10、30和55 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣叶片有较高的有效量子产额;光强100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣的有效量子产额降低了9.7%.从幼叶到完全伸展的成熟叶,最大量子产额和有效量子产额的变化不大.光强100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣其放氧活性和电子传递速度最大.盾叶薯蓣离体叶绿体样品的光合放氧活性和电子传递活性远低于等量叶绿素叶片的相应活性.