XDNZ630型水稻插秧机GPS自动导航系统

以XDNZ630型水稻插秧机为试验平台,采用RTK-GPS定位技术,进行农业机械自动导航试验.增加了插秧机转向机构、变速机构和栽插机构的电控功能,实现了自动控制.根据GPS接收机与车载传感器获取车辆姿态信息,采用PID控制方法,构建转向闭环控制系统,实现插秧机的自动对行导航及地头转向,并进行了插秧机路面与田间导航跟踪试验.试验结果表明,在插秧机对行导航作业中,车辆行进速度不大于0.6m/s时,对行跟踪误差小于10cm,完全可以满足插秧作业精度要求.     

水稻插秧机自动作业系统设计与试验

为适应现代农机自动作业发展需求,实现插植作业和速度的自动控制,设计了水稻插秧机自动作业系统。以井关PZ-60型水稻插秧机为试验平台,研究了具有CAN(Controller area network)通信接口和手动优先的手自一体插秧机速度与插植机构控制方案,设计了插秧机专家PID速度控制算法和PID插值机构控制算法以及插秧机自动作业联合控制策略。联合导航控制系统分别在水泥路面、泥底层平坦和不平坦的水田进行了速度控制试验,结果表明,速度平均误差分别为3. 25%、5. 40%和8. 01%,速度平均误差不超过10%的概率分别为98. 6%、90. 1%和68. 0%;泥底层平坦水田联合控制试验结果表明,插秧机联合控制与人工操作相当,效果良好。插秧机自动作业系统满足插秧机在无人驾驶时自动作业的需求。     

通用处方农作嵌入式GIS信息处理系统的研制

针对精细处方农作系统田间作业机组对车载嵌入式GIS信息处理的需要,以ARM工控系统和嵌入式GIS为核心,研制了一套通用处方农作嵌入式GIS信息处理系统。该系统通过嵌入式GIS二次开发平台e Supermap 6.0对FieldMapper软件进行开发,并加载运行于ARM工控系统的Windows CE 5.0操作系统;可通过网格划分和属性编辑实现GPS定位信息与农田信息的融合,生成农田信息分布图;还可通过坐标匹配进行机组当前作业位置在工作空间图中的网格识别,实现处方图的解译。模拟测试试验结果表明:该平台能够实现农田信息的定位采集、信息的传输和格式转换、农田信息分布图的生成以及处方图的解译,GPS定位误差≤±0.5 m,能够满足精细农作系统的信息处理需求。     

自动插秧机协同化建模与PLC控制应用研究

针对自动插秧机的结构缺陷和作业效率较低的问题,基于PLC控制对自动插秧机的结构进行了协同化建模.自动插秧机的主要组成部分为辅助行走机构、液压升降系统、分插机构和自动导航系统等.通过对插秧机的分插机构进行建模,进行运动学、动力学和结构力学分析,使得分插机构能够满足设计要求,保证插秧机的总体水平和性能.试验结果表明:自动插...     

变量施肥处方图识别与位置滞后修正方法

处方图变量施肥作业系统的技术关键在于根据处方图精确一致地“按图作业”.基于面向对象方法,设计并实现了变量施肥作业系统控制软件,提出基于作业机械位置的实时处方图识别算法,测试结果表明,单位处方识别时间不超过100 ms,能够满足实际系统作业的需要.在分析位置滞后原因的基础上,建立了变量施肥作业系统的位置滞后模型,通过田间实测试验,施肥时间延迟为1.84s.     

插秧机转向自动控制的研究与试验

以XDNZ630型水稻高速插秧机为平台,对插秧机的转向自动控制系统进行研究.对插秧机转向机构进行了改造,采用伺服电机驱动转向轴,带动转向轮偏转.采用GPS精确定位,PID控制转向执行机构,角度传感器反馈插秧机转向角的闭环控制系统实现了转向自动控制.试验结果表明,混凝土路上平均跟踪误差为6cm,最大跟踪误差11cm;在水田中平均跟踪误差为10cm,最大跟踪误差为20cm.     

基于Kalman滤波和纯追踪模型的农业机械导航控制

以KUBOTA SPU-68水田插秧机为试验平台,以RTK-DGPS为主要导航方式,辅以航向姿态参考系统AHRS500GA-227,研究提高农业机械导航控制精度的方法.在重点对GPS倾斜误差校正的基础上,设计了Kalman滤波器对定位数据进行平滑处理,同时实现磁航向传感器偏移误差的在线辨识与航向校正.采用纯追踪模型实现农业机械直线跟踪控制,基于ITAE优化准则,仿真研究了最佳前视距离的确定方法.试验结果表明:GPS倾斜误差校正和Kalman滤波后的导航参数可以更真实地反映插秧机水田实际运动状态;纯追踪模型可以用于插秧机田间作业直线导航,当行进速度0.6m/s时,直线跟踪最大误差小于0.17m,平均误差小于0.02m.     

插秧机作业面积测量远程监测系统软件设计——基于VisualBasic.NET 2010

为实现对插秧机作业区域自动识别和作业面积的自动测量,实时掌握跨区作业插秧机远程作业面积参量值,以VisualStudio平台上的VisualBasic.NET2010为开发环境,开发了一套高速插秧机跨区作业面积远程测量监测系统软件。该软件功能主要包括GPS定位轨迹及作业区域的识别、面积测量、数据通讯、数据显示和数据存贮。系统采用VisualBasic.NET2010语言进行开发,将远程跨区作业的插秧机面积测量监测数据经由GPRS网络进行无线传输到上位机,并采用SOCKET组件和ADO.NET技术实现系统数据通信,完成PC机与下位机之间数据的传输,对测量结果进行显示存储,同时通过系统误差分析完成系统的可行性判断。     

农用飞机防治病虫害作业导航系统设计与地面模拟测试

基于GPS技术和嵌入式系统技术,设计了可实现自动规划边界、自动规划航道、计算农田面积、实时显示飞行轨迹和语音提示的农用飞机作业导航系统.阐明了系统硬件平台结构和QT交叉编译过程,研究了系统各项功能的实现算法.运用最小二乘法实时预测了高速运行环境下的定位数据,有效减小了高速运动产生的GPS定位延迟.在选定地块手持导航系统进行功能模拟,实现了作业导航系统的设计功能.     

基于MPC算法的无人驾驶插秧机控制系统研究

针对水稻插秧机无人驾驶需求,以井关PZ60型插秧机为试验平台,采用RTK-GPS北斗定位技术获取插秧机无人驾驶所需的高精度位置信息,以华测领航员NX300电动方向盘为执行元件实现无人驾驶插秧机转向操作。基于CAN总线设计了插秧机无人驾驶系统,通过CANOPEN协议与电动方向盘、上位机等进行通信,对待作业地块进行路径规划,用直线段与拐弯段填充作业路径,建立插秧机运动学模型。同时,提出了一种基于线性时变模型预测控制的路径跟踪算法,控制插秧机按规划路径进行直线追踪和地头转弯,实现了插秧机无人驾驶。进行插秧机无人驾驶田间试验,结果表明：基于MPC算法的控制器能够使无人驾驶插秧机车速1m/s时,有效跟踪预定义路线,直线段跟踪误差最大2.02cm,满足插秧机无人驾驶精度要求。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。