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以菜心为试材,利用称重式蒸渗仪,以直径20cm的蒸发皿水面蒸发量(Ep)为基础标准,研究了在不同灌溉处理条件下(0.6E_p、0.7E_p、0.8E_p、0.9E_p)温室菜心生育期的蒸散量、蒸散速率、产量、生物量及水分利用效率,以探明温室菜心的耗水规律,明确温室菜心合理的灌溉量。结果表明:温室菜心生育期内蒸散量波动范围为0.73~3.52mm·d-1,前期及中后期的平均蒸散速率分别为1.43mm·d~(-1)和2.04mm·d~(-1),呈前期变化平稳,中后期变化剧烈的趋势;随着灌溉量的增加,菜心的蒸散量随之增加,温室菜心全生育期蒸散量为65.98~78.92mm。其中0.7E_p处理下温室菜心产量、生物量、产量水分利用效率及生物量水分利用效率均为最高。与0.6E_p、0.E_p处理和0.9E_p处理相比,0.7Ep处理的产量分别提高了25.16%(P0.05)、5.63%和13.76%(P0.05),产量水分利用效率分别提高了17.42%(P0.05)、8.48%和27.66%(P0.05),生物量分别提高了21.96%(P0.05)、7.41%和17.68%(P0.05),生物量水分利用效率分别提高了11.21%、10.32%和32.10%(P0.05),0.7E_p灌溉量为供试条件下温室菜心的最优灌溉量。 相似文献
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当前我国水果栽培面积大、总产量高,已经成为世界第一大水果生产大国。随着人们生活水平的提升,水果已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的食物,因此新时期需要重视提升水果品质和产量。大量研究发现,在果树种植过程中施肥和灌溉直接影响着水果的产量与品质,而常规灌溉和施肥模式下有效利用系数只达到0.5,现代果园管理中水肥一体化技术凭借其节水、节肥和高效的优势得到了大面积推广,目前该技术逐渐取代了常规施肥和灌溉模式,水肥一体化技术是一种实现水肥耦合,能够定时、定量和均匀向目标作物提供养分和水分的现代化农业工程技术,此技术使肥料和水的利用效率显著提升。研究还发现通过水肥一体化技术的应用能够有效改善果园微生态环境,促进果树生长。基于此,本文从水肥一体化技术发展现状入手,讨论水肥一体化技术在果园中的应用效果,阐述果园水肥一体化技术的主要模式,最后提出果园水肥一体化技术存在的问题与建议,希望能有力促进我国水果产业的健康发展。 相似文献
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云南省玉溪市新平县水资源并不十分丰富,为了提高云南省玉溪市新平县水资源的利用率,在很多农业发达的地区都大力应用节水保肥技术,该技术可缓解云南省玉溪市新平县水资源紧缺的压力。对果园采用节水保肥措施就可以在结果期改良其土壤结构,保证土壤中充足的水量和养分,从而提高水果的产量和质量。本文针对节水保肥措施当前的应用情况,及其在果园栽培中的应用措施进行分析,以期对云南省玉溪市新平县农业的发展有所帮助。 相似文献
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山东省果业发展已进入转型升级的关键阶段,发展现代果业成为推动乡村产业振兴的重要抓手,而数字化技术应用是现代果业的重要标志。山东省已发展现代矮砧集约高效栽培模式果园超过4万hm~2,其中物联网技术应用示范园占比8.3%以上,全省已经具备发展数字化果园的产业基础和优势。当前,山东省数字化果园主要应用形式有物联网生产监测、绿色防控与病虫害监测、水肥一体化管控、智能大棚(温室)控制、区块链果品溯源、果园无人机遥感监测等。从6个方面深刻剖析了山东省数字化果园高质量发展的制约因素,从健全体制机制、科学制定规划,加强政策扶持、强化示范引领,开展技能培训、更新生产观念,完善基础设施、提高支撑水平,构建数据平台、提升利用效率等5个方面提出了山东省推进数字化果园高质量发展的对策建议。 相似文献
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近年来果树在山区丘陵地迅速发展,已成为这些地区群众脱贫致富的主导产业之一,但干旱缺水是制约果树生产的主要限制因素,有相当多的果园无灌溉条件,即使有灌溉条件,果区水分利用效率也非常低,因此,充分利用现有的水资源,进行旱作节水灌溉,是旱地果业发展的方向。 相似文献
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Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva Joo Hugo Baracuy da Cunha Campos Pedro Vieira de Azevedo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):467-472
Knowledge of evapotranspiration (ET) and water-use efficiency (WUE) is essential in crops management mainly in arid and semiarid regions where water resources are scarce for irrigation. Field experiments were conducted at a commercial farm to obtain the WUE and ET of mango orchard growth in a semiarid environment of northeastern region of Brazil. Measurements were performed within a randomly selected experimental plot with the spacing of 10 m × 5 m between rows and plants. Soil water balance method was used to obtain the mango orchard evapotranspiration while the Penman–Monteith method (FAO/56) was used for determination reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Soil water content was determined by six tensiometer sets installed at 0.20 m layer intervals from the soil surface down to 1.20 m soil depth. The experimental plot was irrigated with a sprinkler irrigation system based on four irrigation levels (T1 = 70%, T2 = 80%, T3 = 90% and T4 = 100% of ETo. Results showed that ET and WUE are strongly influenced by soil water availability. Mango yield varied from a minimum value of 28.06 ton/ha in treatment T4 to a maximum value of 31.06 ton/ha in treatment T3. Such difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) by Tukey's test. Results also indicated that WUE values based on irrigation and evapotranspiration were maximum and minimum for low (treatment T1) and high (treatment T4) water levels, respectively. 相似文献
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Selçuk Özmen 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(4):273-280
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is mostly grown in rainfed condition in Turkey as well as other some countries in the world without more yield reduction. However, there is not enough information about how to give yield without more reduction in rainfed hazelnut orchard. In an endeavor to search this question, quantifications of leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of hazelnut tree were investigated in rainfed hazelnut orchard in the summer of 2013 and 2014. Additionally, possible effects of those quantifications on rainfed hazelnut trees vs. soil water content (SWC) was investigated. Results of this study exhibited that yearly ET (evapotranspiration) of rainfed hazelnut trees was higher in 2014 than 2013 even though seasonal ET of rainfed hazelnut trees was higher in 2013 than 2014. Hence, yield, LWP and gs were higher in 2014 than 2013 but PAR and SWC (even all the study season) were mostly higher in 2013 than 2014. Moreover, relationships of LWP, gs and PAR and responses of LWP, gs and PAR to SWC were non stronger. These differences could be attributed differences of climate variability such as precipitation and temperature during the observed period throughout the season in the studied years. However, rainfed hazelnut trees may be required supplement irrigation in dry summer, such as year of 2013, to avoid summer water stress. Finally, it can be concluded that hazelnut trees can be grown well and give normal yield for the areas which have about 950 mm precipitation. 相似文献
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果园生草是现代苹果生产中普遍提倡的技术措施之一,也是目前最有争议的技术。为了掌握生草果园土壤水分的变化规律,我们通过不同时间对生草果园土壤不同土层水分含量进行测试,发现生草果园地表湿润是以消耗深层土壤水分为代价的。苹果树为深根性作物,深层土壤水分的减少势必影响树体正常生长结果。在降水量少、没有浇水条件的果园不适宜进行生草栽培,应以清耕栽培为主,以集中水分供给,保证树体健壮生长,促进产量提高,提升苹果生产效益。 相似文献
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以鸡毛菜为材料,通过控制穴盘质量,研究不同灌水量(100%ET、90%ET、80%ET和70%ET)对鸡毛菜生长和生理的影响。试验结果表明,补充灌水量100%ET及90%ET处理下鸡毛菜地上部干鲜质量、株高、茎粗均最高;80%ET处理下鸡毛菜叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量最优,但该处理下鸡毛菜生物量显著低于100%ET和90%ET处理的;70%ET处理除鸡毛菜可溶性蛋白质外,生物量与品质均显著低于其他处理。但100%ET处理耗水量高于90%ET处理的,因此,综合鸡毛菜生物量、品质以及耗水量,在试验设计的范围内90%ET灌水量是最适合鸡毛菜生长的灌水处理。 相似文献
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Shigeoki Moritani Tahei Yamamoto Henintsoa Andry Mitsuhiro Inoue Koh Kato Hirotaka Saito 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(3):338-343
In dryland areas, secondarily treated municipal wastewater could be used in extensive green roof systems. In this study, the effects of water and salt stress on a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Sedum kamtschaticum Fischer, was evaluated under intermittent saline irrigation. The salinity of irrigation water varied from 6.0 to 18.0 dS m?1. A reduction in soil water content and an increase in soil water electrical conductivity (EC) were observed during the irrigation interval (5–17 d) as a result of evapotranspiration (ET). The effect of soil water potential (SWP) on reduction of the ET ratio (ETr) was successfully described with an equation that could be applicable to a wide range of soil salinities and water contents, to estimate ET. In this study, the stress factor was defined as the integration of solute potential, and matric potential less soil water content for optimum growth (less than ?0.1 MPa) with elapsed time. The stress factor rapidly reduced total ET in CAM plants but effectively increased water-use efficiency (WUE). Thus, by using CAM plants for green roofs under intermittent saline irrigation, the need for irrigation water is reduced without a considerable loss of plant biomass. 相似文献