羽毛针禾萌发特性研究

研究了羽毛针禾在冷冻（-18℃）和冷藏（4℃）环境下在湿沙、干沙、水中分别处理3、20、60d后破除休眠的情况,以及破除休眠的种子在不同的光温条件和两种荒漠环境中的萌发情况。结果表明：在冷冻和冷藏处理中,在湿沙和（4℃）水中处理20d的破除休眠的效果较好,在水中浸泡20d的效果最好萌发率最高,且萌发速率最快,播种后的第3天就开始萌发。在光温处理中,25／15℃有光环境有最高的萌发率,在40qC有光环境中的萌发速率最快,播种后24h就开始萌发,但萌发率较低仅为19％±1.16％（40℃有光）,6％±1.16％（40℃无光）。在实验室条件下,在模拟的砾质荒漠和沙漠公路边的环境的几种基质中萌发较好,而且生长较好。     

污水源热泵制热模型及外在参数影响

分别建立了污水源热泵四大部件（蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀）模型,并进行耦合。采用MATLAB软件进行编程模拟,分别计算了污垢热阻、污水流量、污水进口温度变化对热泵冬季制热性能的影响。结果显示：当污垢热阻在0~1（m²·K）/kW范围内变化,系统制热量由353 kW降低到301 kW,降低了14.8%;当污水入口温度由8 ℃升高到20 ℃时,系统制热量由320 kW升高到423 kW,升高了32.1%;当污水流量由10 kg/s升到20 kg/s时,系统制热量由339 kW增加到364 kW等。过程中热泵COP在3.6~4.8范围内变化,说明污水源热泵具有较好的热性能。     

高湿和干旱对夏玉米灌浆期叶片光合特性的影响

针对土壤高湿和干旱影响夏玉米籽粒灌浆并对其造成减产的灾害问题,为了揭示其致灾的生理机制,2016年在夏玉米生长季通过人工控制土壤水分,笔者设计了土壤高湿、干旱和对照3种处理,在玉米灌浆期测定叶片的光合特性日变化、光饱和点和光补偿点、夜间叶片暗呼吸等。结果表明:对照玉米叶片的净光合速率日变化曲线呈双峰型,即"M"型,而高湿处理被弱化为单峰型,干旱处理全天持续走低。气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化规律一致,呈显著正相关;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)的日变化曲线呈反向变化,呈显著负相关。高湿处理的叶片暗呼吸比对照提高0.5800~0.7767μmol CO2/(m2·s),干旱处理比对照降低0.1767~0.4933μmol CO2/(m2·s),可能因为土壤高湿情况下,玉米叶片等绿色器官呼吸作用强,导致果穗籽粒养分积累少进而造成减产;分析光饱和点和光补偿点发现,高湿处理光合作用有效利用光强的区间拉大,干旱胁迫下,光合作用有效利用光强的区间缩小,这可能是玉米灌浆期干旱造成减产的主要生理原因。     

连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响

为探讨沼液连续长期农用的可行性,研究了连续3年定位施用沼液对水稻产量和品质的影响。以规模化养殖场猪粪尿发酵的沼液作为肥源,在四川省邛崃市固驿镇黑石村黄壤性水稻土上种植水稻,分别设置1个清水处理对照(1#),1个常规施肥处理对照(2#)和10个不同施用量沼液处理(分别为3#、4#、5#、6#、7#、8#、9#、10#、11#、12#),研究不同量沼液处理对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适量沼液施用能不同程度地提高水稻产量和品质。在后2年沼液施用量水平高于第1年施用水平的情况下,随着沼液施用量的增加,后2年水稻的产量、蛋白质含量和矿质元素含量呈现明显的变化趋势。沼液处理下,每年最高水稻产量比常规施肥处理的产量分别提高9.9%,87.2%,69.8%;第1年稻米蛋白质含量较后2年高,且随着沼液施用量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势;随着沼液施用量的增加,后2年稻米中Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,Zn含量呈上升趋势;而第1年稻米中Cu、Zn含量有明显变化趋势,Mg、Fe、Mn含量变化无明显规律。表明适量的沼液施用比常规化肥处理更有利于水稻产量和品质的提高,当沼液施用量控制在3 200~5 300 kg/hm2时,水稻产量和品质维持在相对较高的水平。     

以RNA干扰γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶1基因(OsGABA-T1)表达提高稻米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种四碳非蛋白质氨基酸, 具有降血压等功能。为提高稻米中GABA含量, 利用RNA干扰技术, 构建水稻中GABA代谢关键酶GABA转氨酶1基因(OsGABA-T1)的干扰载体, 通过农杆菌介导法, 将其转化至粳稻品种宁粳1号中。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明导入的RNA干扰结构成功地降低了目的基因OsGABA-T1的表达, 且干扰家系中OsGABA-T2基因表达也随之下降。对转基因T₃代稻米GABA含量测定发现, 糙米中GABA含量相对于对照增加了13倍以上, 精米中GABA含量也显著增加, 而其他主要氨基酸含量则没有明显变化。测定储藏4个月的转基因稻米发现, GABA含量仍具有较高水平。所以, 利用RNA干扰技术可有效提高稻米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量, 为培育富含GABA的降血压功能性水稻品种提供基础。     

华南籼稻不同处理间早晚造品质变化规律研究

对9个不同栽培处理、早晚两造种植的华南籼稻品种绿黄占品质性状进行系统研究, 方差分析结果表明: 除粒型呈显著性差异外, 9个处理间其他品质性状差异不显著; 出糙率、整精米率、不完善粒率、食味品质等性状在造别间呈极显著性差异, 粒型造别间呈显著性差异. 对温室盆栽的9个不同中微量元素施肥处理早晚两造的绿黄占品质性状     

热应激小鼠附睾组织HSP70表达的研究

利用化学恒温培养箱对小鼠实施42℃1h/d的热应激处理,建立持续的全身热应激动物模型。在热应激持续到8d、13d、21d和35d时,颈椎脱臼处死对照组和热应激组小鼠,应用改良巴氏染色法检测附睾精子畸形率,免疫荧光组织化学和蛋白质印迹分析的方法检测附睾组织HSP70的表达。结果显示：热应激组小鼠附睾精子畸形率随着热应激持续时间的延长而升高,且显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;对照组小鼠附睾组织HSP70呈极强表达（+++）,而热应激组小鼠附睾组织HSP70的表达随着热应激持续时间的延长而减弱,当热应激持续到35d时呈极弱的表达（±）。结果表明：热应激损伤了附睾的功能,使附睾精子畸形率增加;附睾内HSP70为非热诱导型,HSP70可能在附睾精子的成熟过程发挥特殊的作用。     

库源比改变对甜菜含糖影响

研究甜菜库源比改变后叶面积指数、地上干物质、地下干物质对含糖变化的响应特征,及各项参数间的相互关系,以探讨库源比改变对甜菜含糖调控机制的认识。以‘KWS6167’为试材,采用同一育苗期育苗(3月26日),不同时期移栽,共设4个处理——A：4月26日移栽;B：5月1日移栽;C：5月6日移栽;D：5月11日移栽。结果表明：1、衡量库的两个指标--地下干物质重和块根含糖率,在整个生育期内,块根单株干物质重和含糖率均呈直线上升的趋势。2、在4个生长阶段,地下干物质增长速率呈“N”型,而含糖增长速率呈倒“N”型。3、A、B、C 3个处理叶面积指数、地上干物质与含糖在6月10日-8月10日间呈正相关关系,8月10日-10月7日呈负相关关系。D处理6月10日-10月7日,地上干物质不断增加,含糖率也不断增加,呈正相关关系。4、各处理地下干物质与块根含糖率在6月10日-10月7日呈正相关。5、不同处理根冠比在生育期内呈上升趋势,根冠比与块根含糖率呈正相关关系。库源比改变影响了甜菜含糖,育苗移栽期对含糖率影响较大,适时早移栽含糖增加。     

不同机械损伤对葡萄果实质地的影响

以红地球葡萄果实为试料,采用质构分析法（TPA）研究了不同高度跌落机械损伤对葡萄果粒感官品质及质地变化的影响,并分析各指标相互关系。结果表明：葡萄果实经不同高度机械跌落后,随着跌落高度的增加,其感官品质发生很大变化;当跌落高度小于60 cm时,外观观察无明显差异,当跌落高度≥80 cm后,外观差异明显,损伤的果粒数量和损伤级数均增加明显;损伤指数与跌落高度回归拟合度高（R2=0.985）,100 cm和160 cm高度跌落时,损伤指数分别是60 cm处理的4倍和8倍之多;随跌落高度的增加,果实硬度和咀嚼性值呈下降趋势,80~160 cm处理下降幅度明显大于其他处理;果实弹性、凝聚性和回复性呈增加趋势,80~160 cm处理均与对照呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,100 cm和160 cm处理凝聚性分别增加了24.5%和31.0%,回复性大于其他3个处理;机械损伤指数与硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性呈负相关性,与凝聚性和弹性、回复性呈正相关。     

遮荫处理对丘陵茶园生态环境及茶树气体交换的影响

以遮光率分别为75%、56%和30%黑色遮阳网为试验材料,以不遮光为对照,研究不同遮光处理对茶园生态环境及茶树叶片气孔气体交换的影响。结果表明,遮阳网覆盖可有效改善茶树生长的生态环境,与不遮光茶园相比,75%、56%和30%遮光率处理的茶园光合有效辐射明显降低,日平均气温分别比对照低1.7℃、1.1℃、0.7℃,日平均地表温度分别比对照低8.2℃、5.7℃、3.5℃,日平均5 cm土壤温度分别低5.4℃、3.4℃、2.3℃。空气相对湿度则分别比对照高2.7%、1.6%、0.9%。75%遮光率处理与空白达显著差异,新梢1芽3叶含水量比对照高21.8%,第3片成熟叶的平均叶面积比对照高8.96 cm2。75%和56%遮光率处理的茶园净光合速率日变化进程呈现单峰曲线,30%遮光率处理和不遮光处理的茶园为双峰曲线,各处理全天的净光合速率大小依次为56%遮光率>75%遮光率>30%遮光率>不遮光。同时,蒸腾速率随遮荫率的增加而上升,56%和75%遮荫率下气孔导度呈单峰曲线,30%和未遮荫处理茶园则呈双峰曲线。     

Method and Application of Independent Exergy Evaluation of Temperature and Humidity Control in HVAC Systems

The conception of independent exergy evaluation of temperature and humidity control in HVAC systems is proposed with the corresponding evaluation indexes presented. This type of evaluation process is illustrated in an air conditioning system with primary return air from the view of thermodynamics. The results show that exergy efficiency of sensible heat is larger than that of latent heat. The reason lies in the fact that the destructions in reheat process and condensed water are very serious. It is concluded that the surface air cooler is not an energy saving equipment in respect of exergy utilization, and the regeneration of the supply air stream at the state of dew point would improve its exergy efficiency of latent heat. The analysis indicates that this independent exergy evaluation is benefit for the exergy evaluation for HVAC systems, and it provides effective resolutions.     

A Theoretical Study on Thermal Dynamics Model and the Dehumidification Capacity of Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System with Condensation Heat Recovery

The structure and energy conservation characteristics of hybrid desiccant cooling system with condensation heat recovery are introduced briefly. Based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, a system thermodynamic model is established and the solution process given in a diagram. The dehumidification capacity is calculated under different exergy efficiency and indoor sensible heat conditions. The calculation results show that the desiccant wheel barely can compensate for the humidity load of outdoor air under with a ventilation rate of providing fresh air once per hour; when the fresh air rate of ventilation is limited to 0.5 times per hour, however, the desiccant wheel possess sufficient capacity under relatively large wheel exergy efficiency and high sensible heat load.     

The Analysis on the Effect of Cold and Heat Fluid Inlet Temperatures on the Thermodynamic Performance of Heat Exchanger

Based on the exergy analysis method,the thermodynamic performance of high and low temperature heat exchangers is analysed and the calculating expressions of exergy efficiency are given,which can be used to study systematically the effect of cold and heat fluid inlet temperatures on the exergy efficiency of the high and low temperature heat exchangers on the condition of considering pressure exergy loss and not.     

Spray Characteristics of a Two Phase Air water Nozzle for Indirect Evaporative Cooling

We present a two phase air water nozzle that can be applied to indirect evaporative cooling to improve the heat transfer efficiency of indirect evaporative coolers by improving the uniformity of the water film on the surface of the heat exchanger. The spray characteristics of a nozzle with a fan shaped orifice at various air and water pressure conditions was studied. The spray cone angle, the air water mass flow rate, and the relationship between the mass flow rate and the air water pressure ratio were obtained. The best air water pressure ratio and spray cone angle were also found.     

RESEARCH OF HIGH EFFICIENT ENERGY-SAVING AMMONIA AIR COOLER

This paper is a comprehensive report about the research of high efficient energy-saving ammonia air cooler. In the paper, it is introduced that the test of two-side long V-groove finned pipes which are fit for the evaporators of ammonia air coolers, optimum experiments of the finned pipes, and field experiments of contrasting the model machine with the old one in a cold storage. The result shows that the air-side heat transfer performance coefficient and the overall heat transfer performance coefficient of the two-side optimum long V-groove finned pipes are higher from 18.25% and 12.85% than those of conven tional rectangular plain-plate finned pipes respectively. At last, it is introduced the structure design of the high efficient energy-saving air cooler. Used by a few of units, it is proved that this type of air cooler has characteristics of compact structure, less floor area occupied, high heat transfer efficiency, convenient maintenance and management, and is of notable economical effect.     

A SYSTBM OF SAVING VENTILATION ENERGY POR MULTI_STORIED HEALTNY BUILDINGS

A sving energy system can get natural ventilation in the storied healthy build-ings with air condition or heating. The principal component of this system is an efficient heat ex-changer made of a set of heat pipes. This system can be operated between two sides of one floor slabto change the energy carried both by the hot air flow and the cold air flow, This svstem can make aspossibly keeping indoor air fresh with a little energy air loss only. It is possible for using this systemto cure a sick building into a healthy building. This system can be put dperation between both thepipes of waste air flow and fresh air flow for an integrated air conditional svstem with fresh air.     

Determination of Moisture Rate of Porous Saline Materials

The high humidity makes the indoor air quality sultry. The porous saline materials can function as efficient humidity conditioner. On the basis of analyzing mass exchange process between porous saline materials and air, the computational method of the moisture exchange rate on the porous saline materials surface is established. A number of methods for enhancing the humidity conditioning of porous saline materials are suggested.     

苏北地区日光温室能量分配动态研究

为了进一步提高日光温室保温性能,减轻温室内低温寡照灾害发生,以苏北（徐州）番茄日光温室为研究对象,利用采集的2010年12月-2011年4月温室小气候数据及番茄发育数据,根据日光温室小气候形成的物理过程与机理,系统研究了冬春季节不同天气类型及不同叶面积指数对温室能量分配的影响。结果表明：日光温室内潜热、显热随着室内总辐射量的改变而发生变化,阴天以显热消耗为主,潜热消耗量全天低于显热;晴天日光温室内用于作物蒸腾的能量显著多于阴天,阴天室内外贯流传热消耗的能量远远多于晴天;随着叶面积指数增大,到达地面的太阳辐射减少,地面升温慢,室内空气与地表的显热交换量减少,同时室内空气与墙体的显热交换增加。本研究结果可为温室的结构优化及冬春季节日光温室管理提供科学依据。     

地铁用间接蒸发冷却器换热性能影响因素

为解决地铁站冷却塔设置难题,提出了一种采用低速电机驱动旋转布水装置的间接蒸发冷却器,在两种布置方式下,对其换热性能进行了单因素实验,并运用正交实验法对较优布置方式下影响换热器换热的因素进行了分析。结果表明：两种布置方式下,喷嘴与蒸发冷却器的间距、两组换热管束间距均存在最佳值,喷嘴双侧旋转布水优于单侧旋转布水;换热器平行气流布置且喷嘴双侧旋转布水为较优布置方式,此时,换热器换热量随喷水量、转速、空气速度、冷却水进口温度的增加以及喷水温度、空气温度的降低而增大,其中,冷却水进口温度对换热器换热影响最为显著,其他因素对其换热的影响从主到次顺序为：喷水量、空气温度、空气速度、喷水温度、转速、冷却水流量。     

Operational Parameters of Hybrid Radiant Cooling Floor and Displacement Ventilation Air Conditioning System

The simulation model of hybrid radiant cooling floor and displacement ventilation air conditioning system was built and analyzed by software EnergyPlus. By comparing the simulation results and experimental data, it is shown that the simulated indoor air temperature and cooling capacity provided by radiant floor was ±7% deviated from the experimental data. Based on the model, with the change of supply air parameters or supply water parameters, the cooling capacity provided by radiant floor and displacement ventilation, surface temperature of radiant floor, indoor air average temperature, AUST temperature were obtained. Combined with the indoor thermal comfort model, when indoor thermal comfort index PMV varied between -0.5 and 0.5, the recommended supply air and supply water parameters were obtained to provide reference for engineering design and application.