“两轮”齐驱动,推进我市农业现代化

农业产业化有效地解决了户营为基础的农业生产和农村经济发展中出现的深层次的新矛盾，从而改善了生产关系，促进农村生产力的发展。农业机械化为农业生产提供现代化的物质技术装备，改善生产条件，提高了农业综合生产能力，使农业生产全过程的科技含量大大提高，是农业现代化的前提和基础。发展农业产业化，推行专业化生产，规模化经营，社会化服务，为农业机械化提供有利条件。发展农业机械化，提高劳动生产率和商品率，推动了农业的社会化和商品化生产，是农业产业化的支撑和助推器。可见，农业产业化与农业机械化是相互促进，密不可分的…     

推广旱作节水农业促进农业可持续发展的探讨

我国中部地区十年九旱，严重制约着农业生产的发展。山西省阳城县代表着中部的农业大县，搞好旱作节水农业有着得天独厚的地理环境。因此，为了摆脱农业生产靠天吃饭的困境，狠抓旱作节水农业，是提高和发展农业生产，实现农业可持续发展的必由之路。     

新形势下农业机械新技术推广应用探讨

我国城市不断发展的过程中人口老龄化问题严重，就目前农村农业发展情况看，从事农业劳动的人员越来越少，农业要想持续稳定的发展，应该不断提高农业机械新技术的使用。农业机械化程度的提升可以有效提高农业生产的效率，改善当前农业生产方式方法，推动农业持续稳定发展。因此，农业发展的过程中，不断引进机械新技术，结合农业生产的情况，科学合理地运用农业机械新技术。     

恩施市农业机械化发展水平和社会效益评价研究

农业机械化是农村先进生产力发展水平的重要标志，也是社会主义新农村建设“生产发展”的重要衡量指标。本文通过分析研究得出：农业机械化在恩施市农业生产中产生了一定的效益，但其发展水平较低。作为欠发达地区的农业县市，须通过加强农业机械化服务队伍建设，提高农机具保有量和普及率，加大农业机械化适用技术的培训推广，以提高农业机械化发展水平和效益。     

农机规模经营促进转变农业发展方式

推进农业发展方式的转变，目的是实现农业生产规模化、产业化、集约化，提高土地产出率、资源利用率和劳动生产率。农机规模经营就是利用先进科技装备和先进手段进行规模生产，从而达到解放生产力、降低生产成本、提高经济效益，实施标准化生产，促进农村资源优势转化为经济优势，使单一的农业发展向农业、加工业和服务业协调发展。     

嫩江县农机化发展现状及对策

农业机械化是指运用先进适用的农业机械装备农业，改善农业生产经营条件，不断提高农业的生产技术水平和经济效益、生态效益的过程。也是实现农业现代化的主要指标和农业先进生产力的重要内容。认真分析农业生产的结构特点和农机化发展现状，明确发展趋势和重点，把握住发展机遇，加快推进农机化进程，对实现农业机械化具有重要的作用和意义。     

农业机械的科学选型与合理化应用

现目前，随着科学技术水平的提高，农业得到快速发展，其生产技术也在科技的支持下不断进步。传统农业生产技术较落后，生产效率和效益较低，而要想提高生产产能，就要加强农业机械的应用。农业机械是目前农业生产重要部分，在现代化农业中发挥着很大作用。伴随农业机械化生产水平的提高，农业机械逐渐渗透于农业各个生产环节，成为生产不可或缺的一部分，在很大程度上促进生产效率和产能的提高，给农民带来更多的经济效益。农业机械简化了生产过程，使农业生产更为简单，降低了劳动强度。然而结合实际应用情况来看，尽管农业机械有许多优点，同时也存在一些问题，只有彻底解决这些问题，才能在最大限度上将农业机械价值与作用充分发挥出来。     

油菜机械化技术推广方式研究

农业经济的机械化发展是必然方向，在现代化的农业生产中，机械化已经成为了农业发展的必要条件。农业机械化可以提高农业生产效率，降低劳动强度，提高产品品质，同时还可以带动农村经济的发展。近年来，随着科技的不断发展，农机化技术发展水平在新时代获得了显著提升。各种高科技农机，如精准播种机、智能化收割机等已经广泛应用于农业生产中。本文结合实际工作经验，以油菜机械化技术推广为例，探讨了农机化技术的推广方式和推广措施，希望通过研究对广大同行有所帮助。     

探讨农业动力机械更新发展

农业动力机械在农业生产中起到了一个重要的作用，降低农业生产中对劳动力、物力的要求，提高了农业生产力。农业动力机械的不断更新使农业得到了良好的发展，提高了农业生产效率，农业动力机械更新是农业技术的一个重要环节。文中对影响农业动力机械更新的各种因素进行探讨，探讨农业动力机械更新的发展方向．为以后的农业技术推广工作提供依据。     

依法行政 加强管理 开创我省农机化工作新局面

《农业机械化促进法》已正式施行，这是农业农村工作的一件大事，也是我国农业发展史上的一件大事。因此，贯彻实施好这部法律，进一步调动广大农民和农业生产经营组织发展农业机械化的积极性，加快提高我省农业机械化水平，对于促进农业和农村经济的发展，稳定和发展粮食生产责任重大。农业部门是这部法律的主要执法主体．     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。