大蒜组织培养快繁技术的研究

以贵州务川紫皮大蒜茎尖为试验材料,将其接种在附加不同NAA和6-BA的MS分化培养基中,比较组织诱导、分化和生根效果。试验结果表明,以MS＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基诱导愈伤组织效果最好;以MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基诱导不定芽增殖的效果较好,增殖倍数达5倍;以MS＋NAA 0.4 mg/L培养基的生根效果最佳。     

大岩桐腋芽丛生的诱导及植株再生

用大岩桐茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,对添加不同浓度和比例的外源激素对大岩桐腋芽丛生的诱导、增殖及植株再生的影响进行探讨.结果表明:腋芽丛生诱导培养基以MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L效果最佳;腋芽增殖培养基以MS 6-BA 3.0 mg/L N从0.2 mg/L效果最佳;生根培养基以1/2 MS NAA 0.2 mg/L效果最佳.     

紫萼玉簪腋芽再生体系的建立

为建立紫萼玉簪的组培再生体系,以腋芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度植物生长调节剂6-BA和NAA进行诱导培养、增殖培养和生根培养。结果表明:紫萼玉簪腋芽最适宜的取材时期为春季3~4月份;外植体最佳消毒方法是70%~75%的酒精浸泡30 s+0.1%的Hg Cl2溶液消毒5 min;最佳启动培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;最佳增殖培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L活性炭+20蔗糖。     

春秋姜黄组培快繁技术研究

以春秋姜黄根茎腋芽为外植体,采用添加6-BA、NAA、TDZ不同浓度和不同组合的MS基本培养基,进行不定芽诱导、丛生芽继代增殖和生根、壮苗培养等研究,探索其组织培养和离体快繁技术的适宜条件。结果表明:MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L的培养基腋芽诱导率高达86.7%,且生长速度快;MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+TDZ 0.1mg/L最有利于芽增殖,继代3次后,增殖系数达14.1;MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L培养基的壮苗生根效果最好。试管苗长至6cm时移栽,成活率可达90%以上。     

木绣球腋芽离体培养技术研究

以木绣球的腋芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基添加不同浓度的生长激素,研究不同浓度激素及组合对木绣球离体快繁及生根的影响。结果表明:把经过消毒后的腋芽接种到芽诱导培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L上效果最好,诱导率达到100%;增殖阶段仍然采用MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L配方效果最好,增殖系数达到4.90;生根阶段采用1/2MS+NAA 0.50mg/L配方为好,生根率可达100.0%,且植株生长状况良好,根系健壮。     

金叶杨组织培养再生体系的建立

以金叶杨(Populus nigra cv.'Jinye')带腋芽的茎段为试材,采用了组织培养的方法,研究了金叶杨的腋芽诱导、继代增殖、生根培养,以期为保持其优良性状、实现工厂化育苗提供参考。结果表明:1年生茎段最佳消毒方式是使用0.1%HgCl_2溶液处理10 min;最佳诱导培养基为MS培养基;腋芽诱导最佳激素配比为6-BA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.3 mg·L~(-1),腋芽诱导率为92.6%;增殖效果最佳的激素配比为6-BA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+GA_3 0.2 mg·L~(-1),增殖系数为4.4;组培苗生根培养效果最好的培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1),生根率为91.2%。     

新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)茎段与叶片培养及其植株再生

以新疆野生樱桃李为材料,研究了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂种类、浓度及配比、蔗糖浓度等多种因素对茎段腋芽萌发与生长、增殖以及叶片不定芽再生的影响,建立了其叶片再生体系。结果表明,1)植物生长调节剂组合IAA0.4mg/L+6-BA0.8mg/L较适合于樱桃李茎段腋芽的萌发与生长培养;2)正交试验筛选出不定芽的最佳增殖培养基为3/4MS+IAA0.5mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L;3)ZT诱导不定芽再生的效果好于6-BA,ZT1.5mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L为诱导不定芽再生的最适植物生长调节剂组合;4)暗培养为叶片不定芽再生的必要条件,在最适不定芽再生的培养基上,暗培养14d的不定芽再生效果最好;5)樱桃李不定梢的最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.4mg/L。     

猕猴桃“翠香”再生体系的建立

取"翠香"猕猴桃的幼嫩枝条为材料,利用不同植物生长调节剂及浓度诱导茎段腋芽、增殖、生根,并进行驯化移栽。结果表明:"翠香"猕猴桃茎段腋芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,诱导率达88.89%;增殖培养最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 5 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L,增殖系数为6.20,三代内增殖效果稳定;生根培养的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.9 mg/L,生根率为94.44%,根数为11.40条,根长为2.94 cm;驯化后移栽成活率达88.33%。     

蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术研究

将蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽作为外植体,接种于不同培养基上进行培养.结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 15%培养基诱导丛生芽最合适,诱导率可达100%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达7.13.无菌苗叶片诱导丛生芽以1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%为最好,诱导率达54.3%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达6.17.茎尖诱导原球茎状体以MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 10%+0.2%,其诱导率达77.1%,原球茎状体进行增殖培养的适宜培养基1/3MS+6-BA 50 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%+AC 0.3%,增殖倍数达8.3,随后转入1/2MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+CM 15%中,很快分化成芽.生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L+AC 1.0%较好,将生根蝴蝶兰移栽至水苔中,1个月后成活率为99.9%.     

木锉芦荟腋芽离体培养的研究

以MS为基本培养基,以木锉芦荟腋芽为外植体进行离体培养.结果表明:4.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.1 mg/L(毫克/升)NAA的组合诱导频率最高,经25 d～30 d(天)培养,芽数可增殖4.5倍.诱导生根培养基以1/2MS培养基并附加0.02 mg/L6-BA、0.1 mg/L(毫克/升)NAA、0.3%活性炭为最佳.经15 d(天)培养,生根4～5条,苗高达5 cm～6 cm(厘米).     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.