机器视觉技术在稻米品质检测中的应用进展

机器视觉技术在食品、农产品的检测、分级中具有广阔的应用前景。为此,综述了机器视觉技术在稻米品种、胚芽、爆腰、黄粒米等方面进行检测的研究动态,并指出了机器视觉技术在稻米品质检测中存在的不足,为进一步应用机器视觉技术提供参考。     

机器视觉高精度测量技术在农业工程中的应用

基于机器视觉的高精度测量技术在国内外已广泛应用于工业、医学、农业等领域,近年来在农业工程相关研究与应用中也得到了长足进展,应用对象涉及到蔬菜、水果、农作物和相关农业作业装备等。为此,从机器视觉定量检测和精确检测的角度出发,综述近年来机器视觉检测技术在农产品分级、农业机器人动作规划、植物生长参数检测和播种机排种性能试验等方面的应用以及进展,同时也简要讨论了该技术在非农业领域的应用现状和在农业工程领域的发展趋势,为农业现代化新技术的应用提供参考。     

机器视觉在农产品物流分级检测中的应用

综述了近些年国内外机器视觉技术在农产品品质分级检测中的研究进展,选取水果、谷物籽粒、家畜、家禽和蔬菜为代表,重点阐述了机器视觉技术针对这些农产品特征进行分级检测的方法以及成果。同时,总结了目前机器视觉技术应用于农产品物流分级检测的不足之处,展望了未来的发展趋势。     

机器视觉在农产品品质检测和采收包装中的应用

机器视觉技术代替人工视觉不仅可以提高工作效率和自动化程度,而且可以适应一些复杂环境,避免人工作业中由于主观因素影响出现的误差。为此,从农产品的表面缺陷和损伤、尺寸与形状和颜色识别3个方面介绍了机器视觉技术在农产品品质检测中的应用现状,以及机器视觉技术在农产品采收和产后包装过程中国内外的应用现状。     

机器视觉在农业生产中的应用研究

机器视觉技术因其非破坏性、精度高、速度快等特点,在现代农业生产中得到广泛应用。基于前人研究成果和文献分析,综述了近年来机器视觉技术在农产品质量分级与检测、农田病虫草害控制、农业自动采摘系统、农作物生长过程检测以及农业机械导航等方面的国内外研究进展,并对机器视觉技术在各领域的研究情况进行分析和总结,提出了机器视觉技术在农业生产应用中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

机器视觉技术在农业生产中的应用

随着计算机和图像处理技术的发展,机器视觉技术的研究和应用已扩展到农业生产领域,并取得了许多重要研究成果。阐述了机器视觉技术在农业生产各领域(水果的自动分选、种子和粮食品质的检测、农产品异物检测、农田作业机械、植物生长情况监测及动物生产中)的应用,为进一步应用机器视觉技术提供参考。     

基于机器视觉和光谱技术水果分级的研究进展

机器视觉和光谱技术广泛应用于农业机械化领域,对推动农业智能化发展起着至关重要的作用。针对机器视觉在水果分级方面的应用现状,从研究对象的选取、检测分级特性指标以及检测方法的选择、机械装置及生产线开发3方面综述了研究的进展和存在的问题,并预测了相关的发展趋势,为机器视觉技术在农业中的应用提供了参考。     

机器视觉技术在农业领域中的应用

机器视觉又称计算机视觉,指人类设计并在计算机环境下实现的模拟或再现与人类视觉有关的某些智能行为的技术,如对印刷与手写文字识别、图像模式识别和物体三维表面形状知识与距离、速度感知等.机器视觉技术在农业上的研究与应用始于20世纪70年代末期,主要研究集中于农产品分选机械中利用机器视觉对农产品进行品质检测与分级.由于受当时计算机发展水平的影响,检测速度达不到实时要求,处于实验研究阶段.随着电子技术、计算机软硬件技术、图像处理技术及与人类视觉相关的生理技术的迅速发展,机器视觉技术本身在理论和实践上都取得了重大突破,除农产品分选机械外,目前该技术已经渗透到农产品鉴定、农作物生长、农产品收获等多个领域.     

机器视觉技术在农产品尺寸和形状检测方面的应用

农产品的外形尺寸是农产品品质的重要特征之一,因而也成为农产品分级的重要依据.农产品在其生产过程中由于受到人为和自然等复杂因素的影响,产品品质差异很人,如大小、形状、色泽等都是变化的,很难整齐划一,故在农产品品质检测与分析时要有足够的应变能力来适应情况的变化.机器视觉不仅是人眼的延伸,更重要的是具有人脑的部分功能,其在农产品品质检测上的应用正是满足了这些应变的要求.现在,机器视觉技术随着图像处理技术的专业化、计算机硬件成本的下降和速度的提高以及机器视觉系统的诸多特点已广泛地应用于农产品品质检测、品种的识别和分级中.利用机器视觉进行检测不仅可以排除主观因素干扰,而且还能对检测所得指标进行定量描述,具有人工检测所无法比拟的优越性.本文着重介绍了国内外机器视觉技术在农产品尺寸和形状检测方面的应用.     

基于机器视觉的农业植保技术研究进展

综述国内外机器视觉技术在农业植保领域的应用进展,分析机器视觉技术在农作物病虫害自动识别与诊断的应用前景,指出目前尚需解决的难点和研究方向。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。