新疆陆地棉体细胞胚状体的发生和植株再生

以新疆陆地棉品种下胚轴为外植体，在含有４种激素（２，４－Ｄ、ＫＴ、ＮＡＡ、ＩＡＡ）不同组合的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导，通过对体细胞胚胎发生的悬浮培养条件与植株再生各因子的比较研究，获得了陆地棉新陆中２号、新陆早１号两个优良栽培品种的体细胞胚胎的发生，体细胞胚经固体或液体培养，均可萌发，萌发的胚在成株培养基上形成了具有根、芽的完整再生植株。     

大豆未成熟子叶诱导胚状体发生再生植株

本文以大豆未成熟子叶为外植体，进行了大豆胚状体发生和再生植株的研究。结果表明；ＭＳ基本培养基附加高浓度的生长素，可成功地诱导胚状体发生。２．４－Ｄ比ＮＡＡ具有更强的诱导效果；２．４－Ｄ与ＮＡＡ配比所诱导的正常胚率高于其单用；未成熟子叶不同的放置方式对胚体发生影响极大。畸型胚进行了改良并获得了完整小植株。     

矮牵牛花药培养胚状体诱导和植株再生

[目的]利用矮牵牛的花药培养诱导胚状体和再生植株。[方法]以7个品种矮牵牛的花药为材料,研究其胚状体及其再生植株的诱导方法。[结果]基因型和培养基成分对胚状体的诱导有重要影响;椰乳和活性炭对胚状体的发生及发育有促进作用;向改良MS培养基中添加0.01%活性炭可促进植株再生;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L。[结论]该研究为矮牵牛的大规模工业化生产奠定了基础。     

大豆未成熟子叶诱导胚状体发生再生植株

本文以大豆未成熟子叶为外植体，进行了大豆胚状体发生和再生植株的研究。结果表明：ＭＳ基本培养基附加高浓度的生长素（２．４—Ｄ或ＮＡＡ或２．４—Ｄ与ＮＡＡ的配合），可成功地诱导胚状体发生。２．４—Ｄ比ＮＡＡ具有更强的诱导效果；２．４—Ｄ与ＮＡＡ配比所诱导的正常胚率高于其单用；未成熟子叶不同的放置方式对胚状体发生影响极大。对畸型胚进行了改良并获得了完整小植株。     

半夏胚状体诱导及植株再生的研究

以采自甘肃省西和县的野生半夏为试验材料,以MS为基础培养基,观察了不同的激素配比及不同外植体对愈伤组织诱导、胚状体分化及植株再生的影响.结果表明,最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D(0.5 mg/L)+6-BA(1.5 mg/L),外植体以叶柄、株芽和块茎为好.     

一种提高陆地棉再生植株率的新方法

以陆地棉中棉１９号再生植株的真叶、茎段、叶柄为外植体，采用改良ＭＳ培养基，添加２．４Ｄ、ＩＡＡ和ＫＴ。培养结果表明：胚性愈伤组织发生多，并高频产生子叶胚，再生植株率为２５％。无菌苗除下胚轴外的各器官均未能诱导出胚性愈伤组织。２．４Ｄ加速再生植株叶片快速出愈，以ＩＡＡ替代２．４Ｄ明显提高出愈率和愈伤组织的质量。再生植株真叶再培养的胚状体发生有直接发生和间接发生两种途径。用再生植株的真叶再培养是获得高频再生植株的一种有效方法。     

水稻成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及其植株再生

利用水稻成熟胚为外植体,接种在NB培养基上,分别附加不同的外源激素,以诱导愈伤组织并促其分化,最终获得水稻再生植株.结果表明:2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导起决定性作用,当它与低浓度的6-BA配比时更有利于前期愈伤组织的诱导,而高浓度的6-BA则有利于后期芽丛的分化.     

小白菜游离小孢子培养及其再生植株

在NLN-13添加活性炭的液体培养基中,20个小白菜品种有18个诱导出小孢子胚.各品种间小孢子胚产量差别较大,每花蕾产胚在0.026~26.89个之间.比较NLN培养基中蔗糖、植物生长调节物质浓度效果表明,NLN+蔗糖130 mg.L-1效果较好.接种后小孢子在33℃高温预处理24 h产胚量较高.B5+6-BA 0.1 mg.L-1+NAA 0.01 mg.L-1+蔗糖30 mg.L-1+琼脂11 mg.L-1培养基有利于小孢子胚长成植株.     

小麦大龄幼胚再生性能改进与农杆菌转化

 【目的】小麦幼胚再生率与幼胚大小关系密切,改进小麦大龄幼胚再生性能促进小麦转基因研究。【方法】以18个普通小麦基因型和5个硬粒小麦基因型为材料,对其开花授粉后15—17 d的大龄幼胚进行破碎处理、组织培养和农杆菌转化,对转化后的幼胚组织和获得的抗性再生植株分别进行组织化学染色检测和PCR检测。【结果】大龄幼胚培养2 d后破碎处理的再生率为18.2%,显著高于完整胚对照(.7%),培养2 d后进行破碎处理的再生效果高于4和6 d后破碎处理;不同基因型小麦大龄幼胚破碎处理后再生率为16.9%—46.7%,其中,Bobwhite和中8423大龄幼胚再生率达到了40%以上;大龄幼胚破碎后在弱光条件下培养,再生率进一步提高,较对照(完整胚黑暗培养)提高5.4%—47.4%;农杆菌侵染后GUS瞬时表达率为0—76.7%,其中科农199高达76.7%,其次为Verry(64.4%)和Alondra(47.2%);经PCR检测,农杆菌转化小麦大龄破碎幼胚获得了候选转基因植株。【结论】破碎处理和弱光培养显著提高了小麦大龄幼胚再生率,比对照提高5—10倍;科农199、Verry和Alondra大龄幼胚对农杆菌侵染比较敏感,适宜作为农杆菌转化的受体材料;农杆菌转化小麦大龄幼胚可以获得转基因植株。     

Improvement of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Wheat Infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Wheat, one of the most important food crops, has been extensively studied with respects to plant regeneration and transformation employing the immature embryos as recipient tissues. However, the transformed tissues often become severely necrotic after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium, which is one of the major obstacles in gone delivery. In this study, wheat varieties CB037, Kenong 199, Xinchun 9, Lunxuan 987, and Shi 4185 showed desirable culture potential or high infection ability in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Similarly, optimal regeneration conditions were determined by testing their ability to inhibit the cell necrosis and cell death phenotype. Two auxins of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) were evaluated for highly significant effect on both callus and plantlet production, although they were genotype-dependent in wheat. Substitution of 2,4-D by dicamba enhanced the growth and regeneration ability of callus from the immature embryos of most genotypes tested. The callus growth state couldn't be modified by adding antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, cysteine, and silver nitrate or organic additives such as thiamine HCl and asparagine to the media. On the contrary, the best tissue statement and plant regeneration was achieved by employing the media containing the simplest MS (Murashige and Skoog) components and dicamba without organic components and vitamins. Thereby, our results are thought to inhibit wheat cell necrosis effectively and suggested to be used for more wheat genotypes.     

松散型花椰菜小孢子植株再生研究

以松散型花椰菜子叶型小孢子胚为外植体,研究冷处理、活性炭及AgNO3对小孢子植株再生的影响。结果表明:对小孢子胚进行3 d的4℃冷处理培养,能提高其胚芽诱导率和胚芽数;培养基中添加1.0 g·L-1的活性炭对提高小孢子胚芽诱导率没有明显效果,但能有效减轻胚芽的玻璃化;添加5.0～7.0 mg·L-1的AgNO3对小孢子胚芽诱导有显著效果。     

陆地棉子叶离体培养诱导不定芽植株再生

以陆地棉种子无菌苗的子叶为外植体材料,研究不同苗龄的子叶、激素组合、硝酸银等对子叶诱导不定芽的影响.试验结果:15 h苗龄的子叶,在附加BAP 3.0 mg/L、IAA 1.0 mg/L、2ip 1.0 mg/L和AgNO3 5.0 mg/L的不定芽诱导培养基上,珂字棉312和泗棉3号的不定芽诱导频率分别为70%和60%左右.     

Effects of Environmental Temperature on the Regeneration Frequency of the Immature Embryos of Wheat （Trificum aestivum L.）

The immature embryos （IEs） of wheat are the most widely used tissues for in vitro culture and genetic transformation due to its high regeneration competency. However, this explant can only be maintained in 4℃ daily cooler for a short period time for its use in plant tissue culture or transformation experiments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental temperature, cryopreservation storage temperature, and heat shock culture （HSC） temperature on the regeneration frequency of wheat IEs. Results indicated that environmental temperature significantly affected the induction of embryonic calli. The optimum total accumulated temperature （TAT） during the time of anthesis and sampling for regeneration of these tissues was around 280℃ for spring wheat type cv. CB037 and approximately 300℃ for winter wheat type cv. Kenong 199. Regeneration ability obviously declined when the highest environmental temperature was over 35℃ for 1 d or a high temperature between 30 and 33℃ lasted for 5 d during anthesis and sampling. This finding was verified by culturing the freshly isolated IEs under different temperatures from 29 to 37℃ in different controlled growth incubators for 5 d; the IEs almost completely lost regeneration ability when the temperature rose to 37℃. Cryopreservation of-20℃ caused the wheat samples lost ability of producing callus or embryonic callus in a few days, and cryopreservation of-10℃ more than 10 d made the regeneration potential of the tissues dramatically declined. Comparatively, the temperature that best maintained high regeneration ability was -5℃, at which the materials can be maintained for around 1 mon. In addition, the preservation of the immature samples at -5 or -10℃ inhibited the direct germination of the IEs, avoiding the embryo axis removing process. Our results are useful for ensuring that field collection and cryopreservation of the wheat IEs are done correctly to enable tissue culture and genetic transformation.     

陆地棉半矮秆突变体sd株高对外源激素的敏感性

【目的】研究外源激素对棉花矮化突变体株高的影响,确定其对激素的敏感性,为利用其分析棉花株高遗传基础与激素调控关系提供依据。【方法】以棉花品种新陆早17号(CK)及其矮化突变体sd为材料,采用GA₃、IAA和BR激素分别处理后,研究不同激素和不同浓度处理对棉花株高的影响。【结果】突变体sd的株高约为新陆早17号的四分之三,突变体sd是一份典型的陆地棉半矮秆突变体。不同浓度GA₃处理后,新陆早17号的株高变化量高于突变体,50 mg/L的GA₃处理能使突变体sd的株高恢复到新陆早17号的株高水平,激素影响棉花株高的主次顺序为GA₃＞BR＞IAA,株高与GA₃具有显著的正相关性。【结论】突变体sd是一份典型的陆地棉半矮秆突变体,突变体sd的株高对GA₃敏感。     

棉花优良品种中棉所27直接胚胎发生与植株再生

选用我国难培养基因型优良棉花品种中棉所27进行组织培养,研究了该品种体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生能力。该品种体细胞胚胎发生有2种情况:一是由外植体直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织并形成不同发育时期的胚状体;二是先诱导获得非胚性愈伤组织,再经多次继代培养,获得胚胎发生。不同激素及其组合和浓度配比是影响中棉所27直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织及体细胞胚胎发生的直接因素。另外,饥饿培养及继代周期对胚胎发生也有重要影响。0.1mg/LKT和0.1mg/LIAA组合、0.1mg/LKT和0.1mg/LZT组合、0.1mg/LZT单独使用,在饥饿条件下培养,均能直接高效诱导获得大量胚性愈伤组织,并有短期内形成不同发育时期的胚状体。胚状体在不含任何激素的MS B5培养基上培养有利于植株再生,并降低畸形苗形成率。另外,还发现不同培养基对中棉所27胚性愈伤组织增殖、体细胞胚形成和萌发的影响不同。