浅谈规模猪场母猪子宫内膜炎的防治

近年来母猪子宫内膜炎在集约化养猪场的发病呈上升趋势,尤其是夏天高温季节,母猪产后发病率明显增加,有的养猪场发病率高达40％～60％。本文针对规模猪场的实际情况,提出一些切实可行的措施,为母猪子宫内膜内炎的治疗提供参考。     

Factors affecting length of productive life in Swedish commercial sows

The objective of this study was to investigate factors that might influence the length of productive life in Swedish crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire) sows. The data set consisted of 20,310 sows farrowing between 2001 and 2004 in 21 commercial piglet-producing herds. Productive life (PL) was defined as the number of days between first farrowing and removal or termination of data collection. In addition to the overall risk analysis of PL, another 4 longevity traits were analyzed (competing risk analyses): reproductive disorder-determined length of PL (RPL), udder problem-determined length of PL (UPL), lameness-determined length of PL (LPL), and mortality-determined length of PL (MPL). Analyses were performed by using survival analysis, applying a Weibull model with 6 time-dependent and 1 time-independent variable (age at first farrowing). The factor with the largest contribution to the likelihood function for PL was days after farrowing, followed by parity, the herd x year combination, the total number of piglets born, days between weaning and next farrowing, farrowing month, and age at first farrowing. For all 4 competing risk traits, the factors contributing most to the likelihood function were days after farrowing, the herd x year combination, and parity, with a varied order between traits. The hazard for removal was greatest 30 to 40 d after farrowing (after weaning) for PL, UPL, and LPL (P < 0.001). However, for MPL the hazard was greatest just after farrowing (0 to 10 d), and for RPL the hazard peaked at 70 to 100 d after farrowing. The hazard for removal was, compared with parity 1, less in parities 2 to 7 and greater from parity 8 for PL (P < 0.001). The hazard was greatest in parity 1 (P < 0.01) for RPL, UPL, and LPL, whereas for MPL the hazard increased with greater parity number and was markedly greater from parity 9 (P < 0.001). Sows with litters of 9 piglets or less had a greater hazard for removal than sows with litters of 12 to 13 piglets (P < 0.001). Intervals between 120 and 122 d from weaning to the next farrowing showed the lowest hazard for removal (P < 0.001). The influence of farrowing month displayed no clear pattern for PL. Sows of 14 mo or older at their first farrowing had a 20% greater hazard for removal than younger sows (P < 0.001). The hazard for removal was greater for smaller litters in all parities but was more accentuated in greater parities. Overall, days after farrowing was the main risk factor for sow removal. Removal hazard was greatest shortly after weaning, and this peak increased with greater parity number.     

规模化猪场生产母猪的死亡原因调查与分析

为探究规模化猪场生产母猪的死亡原因,利用某规模化猪场2015—2017年的死亡母猪记录,对月份、胎次、妊娠时间、生产阶段的死亡率进行单因素方差分析和组间差异显著性比较。结果显示,各胎次间的生产母猪死亡率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但3胎次母猪死亡率最高,占17.88%;妊娠期的母猪死亡率最高,死亡率为55.54%,并且对不同妊娠时间的死亡率进行分析发现,105～117 d (围产期)死亡率最高,为21.76%,极显著高于其他妊娠时间(P<0.01),85～94 d母猪死亡率最低,为4.52%;6,7,8,9月份生产母猪的死亡率显著高于5月份(P<0.05),其中6月份死亡率最高,5月份死亡率最低,其他月份之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),对比日均温度图发现6月份温度开始升高。结果表明,母猪不同的胎次、生产阶段、妊娠时间及气温的不同都会影响母猪的死亡率,因此要加强对妊娠期特别是低胎次和妊娠后期母猪的护理,提高猪舍夏季降温系统的效率,减少高温对妊娠母猪的刺激。     

工厂化养猪场繁殖母猪淘汰情况调查及综合防制措施

工厂化养猪生产是根据猪的生物学特性 ,以工业生产方式 ,按一定的工艺流程 ,快节奏 ,高密度、高效率、高效益 ,常年均衡生产的现代化规模饲养。为了提高效益 ,必须加快生产节奏 ,提高母猪的繁殖效率。一般情况下 ,一头母猪一年内应完成 2～ 2 .3胎的分娩周转和能产 1 6～ 1 8头     

Campylobacter from sows in farrow-to-finish pig farms: risk indicators and genetic diversity

Sows have been identified as a source of Campylobacter contamination in piglets. We carried out a one-year study, in 2008, at 53 farrow-to-finish farms in Brittany, France, to determine the proportion of sows excreting Campylobacter. We also determined the genotypes of the Campylobacter isolates. Moreover, Generalized Estimating Equations including repeated effects were used to assess the association between management practices and farm characteristics, and risk of Campylobacter shedding by sows. Per farm, 10 feces samples from sows were collected from selected sites (maternity, service area, gestation area) on the farms. Campylobacter isolates were identified by PCR and typed by PFGE. Campylobacter was detected in 25.1% of the 530 samples from sows, and 67% of the 53 pig farms had at least one positive sample (of 10 taken). All the Campylobacter isolates belonged to the Campylobacter coli species. They displayed a very high level of genetic diversity, also inside farms and few genotypes were common to several farms. Warmer months, large farms, and individual housing for sows were identified as risk indicators of Campylobacter shedding by sows. A short delay between sampling and treatment of the samples should be considered, to improve the detection of the bacterium in the feces samples.     

浅谈种猪场和规模化猪场非洲猪瘟防控

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。该病虽不是人畜共患病、不感染人,但对生猪产业威胁巨大,发病率高、死亡率高,疫情早期发现难、预防难、根除难,防控难度极大。种猪场和规模化猪场(以下简称“两场”)是生猪产业发展的根基和猪肉市场供给的主要来源,严防“两场”发生非洲猪瘟疫情,对保障生猪产业稳定发展和猪肉市场供给至关重要。     

Longitudinal study on the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in four German pig breeding and raising farms

There are very few current data on the prevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii in German pig farms. Consequently a reliable risk assessment of human Toxoplasmosis caused by ingesting raw or improperly cooked pork and pork products is not available. The aim of this study was to show current data on T. gondii prevalence in German pig farms. In four pig farms with different management systems (three conventional, one organic) 100 animals each were selected and tested for T. gondii antibodies. The test was done four times during the period from birth to slaughtering. In one farm 20 mother sows were tested additionally. The slaughtered pigs from conventional farms showed seroprevalences between 0 and 15.2% (mean value 5.6%). At the organic system T. gondii antibodies were not detected. All slaughtered seropositive pigs (6 months old) were tested negatively at the age of 9 weeks, but shortly after birth high titres of T. gondii antibodies had been detected in the same animals. Comparing the results gained in different seasons significantly more pigs were found to be infected during the autumn/winter than in the spring/summer period. In order to assess the current risk of Toxoplasmosis more pig farms should be tested. From the point of view of consumer protection the detection of highly infected pig herds is necessary.     

猪场生物安全体系的建立

2007年,我省的猪存栏量大幅下降,猪肉供不应求,价格大幅上升,其中一个主要原因是猪的疾病很复杂,种猪繁殖性能低,猪的死亡率高,生产     

Genetics of length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy in the Finnish Landrace and Large White pig populations

The objective of this study was to estimate direct and indirect selection potential for length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy in Finnish Large White and Landrace swine populations. To study the direct selection potential, the heritabilities of these traits were estimated. The genetic correlations of length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy with prolificacy traits and overall leg conformation were estimated to evaluate whether selection for these traits could indirectly improve measures of sow longevity. In addition, correlations between length of productive life, lifetime prolificacy, ADG, and backfat thickness were estimated. Records were used from Finnish purebred Landrace (n = 26,744) and Large White (n = 24,007) sows born on operations that perform on-farm production tests on all females. Heritabilities were estimated using both a survival analysis procedure and a linear model. Due to computational limitations, correlations were estimated with the linear model only. Estimated length of productive life heritabilities obtained from linear model analyses were less (0.05 to 0.10) than those obtained from survival analyses (0.16 to 0.19). This may be indicative of the superiority of survival analysis compared with linear model analysis methods when evaluating longevity or similar types of data. All the prolificacy traits were genetically correlated with length of productive life and lifetime prolificacy, and the correlations were greater than 0.13. These results indicate that selection for increased number of piglets weaned in the first litter and for short first farrowing interval is beneficial for sow longevity and also for sow's lifetime prolificacy. The genetic correlations between length of productive life and leg conformation score also were favorable (0.32 in Landrace and 0.17 in Large White). The heritability estimates indicate that survival analysis is likely the most appropriate method of evaluating longevity traits in swine. Because of computational problems, simultaneous analysis of linear traits and longevity is not currently possible. More research is needed to develop methods for multiple linear and survival trait analyses.     

浅析集约化猪场生物安全保障

随着"猪高热病"的深远影响和甲型H1N1流感全球扩散蔓延,绝大部分养殖场在加强生物安全防范方面的认识逐年提高。回顾2009年我国养猪业实际的发展状况以及猪病的发生发展与演变形势,笔者从生物安全的角度,在防疫接种、隔离饲养、规范消毒和多种形式的药物保健等方面,总结了猪场建立健全生物安全体系常用的方式方法,归纳了猪场抵御重大疫病风险、减少经济损失的一些有益措施。同时也对仍然值得关注和还需改善的某些集约化生产细节提出了建议。     

恢复生猪生产中生物安全体系的重建

完善的猪场生物安全体系是有效控制猪群疫病,保护猪群健康的重要途径。恢复养猪生产,需要有效的生物安全体系作保障。在非洲猪瘟环境下,如何重建生物安全体系,有效评估和实施生物安全措施,并在实施中不断完善,是猪场恢复生产所面对的重要问题。文章分析了目前生物安全体系中存在的问题,阐述了重建及实施猪场生物安全体系的方法,包括现场调查评估、体系文件的完善、设施与设备的改进、员工的培训与执行、效果评估(包含实验室评估)与体系改进等,以此重新建立并逐步完善适合本猪场的生物安全体系,为恢复生产提供坚实的基础保障。     

散养农户暴发猪繁殖和呼吸综合征的诊治

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征 (ＰＲＲＳ)是在 80年代后期新发现的一种病毒性传染病 ,以母猪发热、厌食、繁殖障碍 ,仔猪和肥育猪呼吸道症状为主要特征。 1995年我国首次发现ＰＲＲＳ阳性猪 ,有关于猪场发生ＰＲＲＳ的报道较多 ,但对于千家万户分散饲养的猪群发生ＰＲＲＳ的报道较少见。 2 0 0 1年 7月以来 ,海盐县通元镇联丰村突然暴发猪繁殖和呼吸综合征 ,并迅速呈蔓延势头。针对疫病的发生 ,我们及时进行了流行病学调查、病料送检 ,并开展治疗试验和采取相应的控制措施。1　流行情况2 0 0 1年 7月 5日 ,通元镇联丰村 9组某农户最先发现存栏的猪出…     

再议当前猪场生产管理存在的一些误区

继2006年下半年我国南方部分猪场发生高热病以后,我国的养猪业平稳地渡过了3、4个月的时间,之后,该病死灰复燃.2007年5月,媒体报道广东一些猪场发生高热病,一个多月以来,其影响之大、牵涉范围之广,已经不是养殖场(户)们所能控制的.     

Exploratory study of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) on four commercial pig farms in southern Brazil

Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) was detected by PCR and Southern blot in 186 pigs (121 sows, 61 piglets and four boars) on four farms in southern Brazil. DNA was extracted from blood samples and a 16S rRNA gene fragment of M suis was amplified by PCR; Southern blot analysis was then performed on all the samples. Twenty-two of the sows (18.2 per cent) were positive by PCR, and 40 (33.1 per cent) were positive by Southern blot; only one piglet and one boar were positive. The packed cell volume and total plasma protein of the pigs and their PCR and Southern blot results were not significantly different on the four farms, but higher proportions of the pigs were positive by Southern blot than by PCR (P<0.05). The packed cell volume and total plasma protein concentrations of the M suis positive and negative sows were not significantly different.     

集约化种猪场猪伪狂犬病的诊断及净化措施

猪伪狂犬病是集约化种猪场较为常见的一种猪疾病,对养猪业发展有着较大危害,具有高度接触性、热性等特点。本文主要围绕集约化种猪场猪伪狂犬病诊断及净化策略等方面展开讨论,针对病毒特征、流行特点和发病机制等诊断猪狂犬病,并制定针对性净化措施,为养猪场良好发展提供借鉴。     

规模养猪场的经营方略

近年来,养猪业存在许多办场风险,其风险主要有疫病风险、市场价格风险、品种选择风险、经营管理风险等.其中,市场价格风险、品种选择风险及经营管理风险可以通过一些行之有效的经营管理方法加以解决.笔者从经营管理方面总结出几点体会,供同行参考和借鉴.