文冠果根系腐烂防治技术研究

以1年生文冠果实生苗为试验材料，在山西省朔州市平鲁区开展了不同土壤消毒处理、苗木根系处理及组合处理对其根系腐烂率及根系生长情况的影响。结果表明，不同土壤消毒处理中，福美双处理文冠果的新根长度显著大于其他处理；不同苗木根系处理对文冠果根系的影响不显著；在组合处理中，福美双+0.5%KMnO₄处理后苗木新根数量显著大于其他组合处理，木霉菌+500倍多菌灵和福美双+500倍多菌灵处理后新根长度显著大于其他组合处理。由不同处理的有效指数可知，用5%的KMnO₄溶液对文冠果根系进行浸泡或用木霉菌与500倍的70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂溶液分别进行土壤消毒、根系浸泡，能够防治文冠果苗木根系腐烂，促进其断根处新根的萌发和伸长生长。     

木基复合材料研究现状

木基复合材料具有良好的机械性能和可加工性，是现阶段我国木材科学与技术领域开发和研究的主要对象。首先根据不同的组合形式和应用总结出3种木基复合材料，即木塑复合材料、木基陶瓷材料和木材无机纳米复合材料。同时，梳理了其在生物可降解材料、新型环保材料、新型阻燃材料、生物基热塑性等领域的研究进展，并针对现有木基复合材料制备和应用方面存在的问题，展望其研究趋势和应用前景，旨在为进一步提高木基复合材料的研究提供科学依据。     

日本成立本质复合材料研究组合

日本成立本质复合材料研究组合为开发高性能木质建材，日本于１９９３年７月成立了由１３个企业参加的“木质复合材料技术研究组合”。该组合旨在通过陶、木等各种材料的复合，进一步提高各材料具有的特性，开发出具有防水、隔热、隔音、遮蔽电磁波等优异性能的材料，以促...     

杉木多世代滚动式种子园营建技术研究

创新建园模式，用不同质的遗传材料率先同步建成多世代滚动式种子园。通过独创的嫁接技术辅以人工引导，建成我国第一个矮化杉木种子园。进行遗传资源的广泛收集与大量制备。共收集665个无性系，制备658个杂交组合。获得包括逆转式和前进式在内、宽广而丰厚的遗传材料。贮备了足够大的育种群体和扎实的遗传基础。开展了以探索无性系性状遗传为主的应用基础研究。进行大面积子代测定统计工作。取得了方差分量、遗传力、遗传增益、配合力等丰富的遗传参数。选出优良无性系52个，获得30．5％的树高遗传增益。选出材积比融水对照种大50％的优良无性系和组合53个。通过配合力分析，选出优良亲本15个、优良杂交组合24个。进行生长量、产籽量双优遗传改良探索，选育第1个高生长高出籽双优遗传材料。     

家居插花布置有讲究

插花作为一门用植物材料进行装饰的造型艺术，是创作者把大自然的美与人工装饰美融为一体，创造出清雅脱俗、耐人寻味的作品。家居插花艺术具有很大的灵活性和很强的个性，并且随空间变化而呈现不同面貌，诸如客厅的桌花、茶几插花应注重热闹欢快、节奏明朗；书房写字桌、书架上的插花主要着意于小巧玲珑、秀气雅致；卧室床头柜、矮柜上的插花，应着重温馨清香、和谐愉悦，而其他如钢琴、冰箱上的插花又应把握好美丽神韵和个性趣味。因而，插花首先要在材料方面下功夫。花材是丰富而广泛的，即使是一种普通的蔬菜水果，野花枝条，经过一番精心的穿插组合，也能成为一盆赏心悦目的作品。不同花材的恰当组合，将给我们以无限的新鲜感和无穷的审美魅力。     

浅谈植物组合盆栽

文章介绍了组合盆栽的定义、常见类型，探讨了组合盆栽植物材料选择需要注意的问题及其日常养护管理，并提出发展推广组合盆栽的主要技术选择，对组合盆栽的市场前景进行预测。     

沙棘人工授粉试验初报

采用水培法收集沙棘花粉，选用４种杂交组合，用不同材料做隔离袋进行人工控制授粉 试验。初步结果；人工授粉能获得杂交种，结实低于天然授粉，隔离袋以羊皮纸袋、亚硫酸纸袋较好，黑布袋较差。     

硫华菊和波斯菊杂交育种试验

为给硫华菊新品种选育及确定合理的杂交组合奠定基础,利用多种硫华菊和波斯菊种质资源,采用有性杂交技术,进行了15个不同组合的杂交育种试验。试验于2016年11月采收259粒杂交种子。试验得出了不同杂交组合的平均结实率,初步确定了不同亲本材料间的杂交亲和力,其中硫华菊橙色×大花波斯菊'暗恋'组合的单果结实率最高,为49.20%,表现亲和。     

青梅扦插育苗试验

以嫁接后进入盛产期的青梅当年生枝条为材料，应用正交设计和随机区组设置进行扦插试验。结果表明：扦插时间是影响插穗成活、生根的最主要因素，其次是插穗源在枝条的段位，以11月份使用当年生枝条中段为插穗的组合效果好。此组合与不同浓度的ABT生根粉处理16h后扦插，结果以100mg/L浓度的效果最佳，平均成活率达到81．25％。     

秸秆轻质墙体保温性能的研究

采用准稳态法,对不同密度规格的秸秆轻质墙体材料进行热性能测试。通过测试材料的导热系数,计算不同组合墙体的热阻。结果证明秸秆轻质墙体材料具有良好的保温性能,可以作为墙体内衬保温材料,以及非承重墙的墙体材料。     

典型直榫梁柱节点在现代木结构中的应用研究

基于Abaqus有限元分析,对不同榫长的实木榫卯连接梁柱节点和榫长为75 mm的不同层数的正交胶合木(CLT)榫卯连接梁柱节点进行数值模拟,分析其受力状态并提取荷载-位移曲线,与使用金属连接件连接的梁柱节点承载力进行对比,探究将榫卯连接应用在现代木结构中的理论依据。研究表明:竖向荷载作用下,榫长75 mm的榫卯连接梁柱节点承载能力处于M8和M10螺栓连接梁柱节点的理论承载力之间;当榫长增大时,节点的最大承载力逐渐提高,榫长150 mm的榫卯节点承载力已经略微超过M12螺栓连接时的理论承载强度,说明榫卯连接梁柱节点在承载能力上可以满足现代木结构建筑的使用要求。由于榫卯节点的承载力主要受到顺纹抗压强度的影响,因此相比于实木连接榫卯节点,CLT榫卯节点的承载力无显著提高。     

由“中梁刚度放大”到“强柱弱梁”

通过对“中梁刚度放大”系数取值的不同观点的辩驳,分析楼板在框架体系中的作用,阐述“柱铰机制”形成的机理并提出如何实现“强柱弱梁”的建议和方法。     

钢结构节点设计中的弯扭识别

梁柱刚接是钢框架结构中常用的连接形式。采用刚接可以减少梁跨中的弯矩,但设计、制作、施工较复杂,节点处连接件受力情况多样。梁(牛腿)与柱刚接时,相互的位置关系不同,可能使节点受弯矩拉力或扭矩剪力的作用,本文以形象直观的形式介绍梁与柱"顶"接、"搭"接等弯扭识别的简单方法。     

浅议混凝土框架设计中“强柱弱梁”的实现

通过对混凝土框架设计中“强柱弱梁”问题由来的介绍,针对影响框架结构“强柱弱梁”设计和地震破坏形态差距的产生进行了阐述,并对如何在设计实现“强柱弱梁”,以保证结构整体在地震作用下的安全给出了具体的建议。     

Modeling of a cylindrical laminated veneer lumber I: mechanical properties of hinoki (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis>) and the reliability of a nonlinear finite elements model of a four-point bending test

The use of low-grade logs to build spirally wound laminated veneer lumber (LVL) has been studied and improved from the point of view of the gluing process, fiber orientation angle, and end joint of the LVL. The butt joint appears to be the fracture point when the column is submitted to a compressive or bending load. Owing to the complexity of cylindrical LVL, we used a finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of part of its wall. This part was small enough to be considered flat but was representative of the structure, especially in the area of the butt joint. This allowed us to test the validity of different settings of the parameters involved in the manufacturing process. To feed data for this model, we used the results established for the linear and nonlinear behavior of raw hinoki in Part I of this series of articles. We then used this numerical model to improve the quality of the butt joint by testing different settings of the joint. We show that reducing the butt joint gap under 0.5 mm, which requires only a few changes in the production line, provides an important increase in the modulus of upture and nonnegligible improvement of the modulus of elasticity compared to that for a ≥ 1 mm butt joint gap.     

Modeling of a cylindrical laminated veneer lumber II: a nonlinear finite element model to improve the quality of the butt joint

The use of low-grade logs to build spirally wound laminated veneer lumber (LVL) has been studied and improved from the point of view of the gluing process, fiber orientation angle, and end joint of the LVL. The butt joint appears to be the fracture point when the column is submitted to a compressive or bending load. Owing to the complexity of cylindrical LVL, we used a finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of part of its wall. This part was small enough to be considered flat but was representative of the structure, especially in the area of the butt joint. This allowed us to test the validity of different settings of the parameters involved in the manufacturing process. To feed data for this model, we used the results established for the linear and nonlinear behavior of raw hinoki in Part I of this series of articles. We then used this numerical model to improve the quality of the butt joint by testing different settings of the joint. We show that reducing the butt joint gap under 0.5 mm, which requires only a few changes in the production line, provides an important increase in the modulus of upture and nonnegligible improvement of the modulus of elasticity compared to that for a ≥ 1 mm butt joint gap.     

桥梁伸缩缝处跳车的原因及防治

桥梁伸缩装置是桥梁构造的一部分，如果设计不当，安装质量低劣、缺额科学的和及时的养护，会导致桥梁在伸缩缝处形成台阶,直接影响到桥梁使用质量。本文详细地分析了桥梁伸缩缝处产生跳车的原因，并提出只有通过合理的设计、认真的施工、及时的养护才能解决桥梁伸缩缝处跳车的问题。     

Collapsing process simulations of timber structures under dynamic loading II: simplification and quantification of the calculating method

In a previous paper we presented the efficacy of the extended distinct element method (EDEM) on the collapsing process simulation of timber-frame structures. The results obtained were qualitative, and the need for quantitative simulation was pointed out. In this report, we improved our simulating programs with the aim of establishing a quantitative simulation by EDEM. For this purpose, the parameters of the frame members (beam or column) were determined by comparing the simulated results of four-point bending tests with experimental results. Other parameters of plywood and joint members were determined by simulations of two rail shear and slip tests of joint parts, respectively. Using these parameters we made simulations of the collapsing process of an actual-size plywood-sheathed wall and at the same time carried out the experiments under similar conditions. Simulated load–displacement curves of the plywood-sheathed wall were similar to those obtained in the experiments, and the sequence of failure at nailed joints of the simulation model gave good agreement with that of the experimental collapsing processes. Using these processes, we believe that we established a basic quantitative simulation method to test the collapsing process of timber-frame structures.Part of this paper was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002; and at the 7th World Conference of Timber Engineering, Malaysia, August 2002     

支撑方式对独柱异形箱梁桥受力性能研究

由于独柱异形桥有其独特的构造形式,主桥与匝桥通常形成分叉结构,因此形成了独柱大悬臂异形桥,当独柱异形桥悬臂过大时,可能造成悬臂应力过大及墩柱偏心造成受力不均匀现象。为了验证和讨论支撑方式对独柱异形桥的影响,本文通过改变独柱处的支撑方式,采用梁格理论建立有限元模型,分析支撑方式对异形桥的纵向弯矩、扭矩、支反力及隐形盖梁的内力的影响。研究结果表明,双柱支撑可以使跨中效应降低,支点负效应增加;扭矩变化比独柱支撑的扭矩变化均匀。     

浅谈框架结构设计经验及设计软件应用体会

结合框架结构设计工作实际,论述了框架结构(包括框架柱、框架梁、连接方式等)的设计经验以及专业计算软件在框架结构设计中的应用体会。