A comparison of catch rates of artificial lures from an automated handline fishery at Shetland,UK

Automated handlining (jig fishing) has recently been trialled in waters around Shetland, UK. Although different types and colours of artificial lures are commercially available there is a paucity of information available on the effects of either lure design or lure colour on resulting catches. We compared the catch rates of (1) five colours of rubber eel tube lures; and (2) five different designs of artificial lure commonly used in handline fisheries. Lure colour did not significantly affect catches of pollack (Pollachius pollachius), saithe (Pollachius virens), cod (Gadus morhua), ling (Molva molva) or tusk (Brosme brosme). Cod showed a preference for lower hooks on the six hooks per reel set-up when lures were black and pollack showed a preference for lower hooks when the lures were blue. There were no significant differences in catches of saithe, cod, ling or tusk between the five lure types. However, catches of pollack on a novel ‘sonar’ lure were lower than on other lures. No evidence of a preference for any hook position on the reels was found with any of the lure types.     

黄河陕西段渔业资源现状调查

2013年4－12月对黄河陕西段鱼类资源进行了调查,调查显示黄河陕西段现有鱼类55种,隶属7目15科,鱼类减少25种,外来入侵品种24种,年捕捞量92500 kg,有粘性卵鱼类产卵场13处,索饵和越冬场6处,洄游通道1处,并对环境变化和鱼类种群结构变化原因进行了分析,提出了渔业资源保护的对策和建议。     

长江安庆江段鱼类调查及物种多样性初步研究

为了解禁捕初期长江下游鱼类群落结构特征,实验于2021年春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对长江下游鱼类群落进行4次调查。结果显示,实验共采集鉴定鱼类84种,分属10目18科63属,其中47.62%为鲤科鱼类。以物种数和多样性指数分析群落多样性特征,结果表明长江下游鱼类多样性水平较高,但鱼类种类较历史记录偏少。单因素方差结果显示,鱼类种类数、种群数量和重量空间差异显著,季节差异不明显。群落优势种为光泽黄颡鱼、鳊、鲢、短颌鲚、贝氏䱗等9种。4种摄食功能群中,肉食性(47.62%)和杂食性(40.47%)鱼类物种比例较高;洄游习性方面,淡水定居性鱼类占绝对优势(76.19%);3种栖息水层类型中,底层鱼类物种数比例较高(46.43%)。大型经济鱼类占总量比例低,但个体相对较大,因而相对重要性指数(IRI)更高。长江下游鱼类多样性指数为3.28,水域鱼类多样性水平较高。长江下游鱼类个体小型化、低龄化现象依然存在,长江十年禁渔实施后,禁渔效果初步显现,鱼类物种数、多样性指数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量均有所增加。建议进一步加强禁捕期科研监测,加大监管力度,保障长江下游鱼类资源得以有效恢复,巩固禁捕成效。本研究可掌握禁捕初期长江下游鱼类群落基本特征及变动趋势,为长江下游禁渔效果评估和长江水生生物完整性指数评价提供支撑。     

长江渔业生态环境变化的影响因素

鱼类的生存、繁衍所需的生态环境是在漫长的生物进化过程中形成的。生态环境的相对稳定,是保证鱼类种群和资源量稳定的前提。由于自然的变迁和人类的生产、生活等社会活动的影响,使长江的渔业生态环境在近２０年来发生了较大的变化。本文根据目前所掌握的材料,对长江渔...     

Preliminary study on the fishery resources of the River Niger in the Upper Niger National Park, Guinea

A survey of fishing activity, main fishing methods and fish species composition in the upper River Niger enabled current fishing effort, seasonal yield and its economic value to be assessed. Fishing is a traditional activity, supporting part of the regional economy, and an important animal protein source for local people. The catches, 63 fish species included in 20 different families, confirmed the high biological diversity present in the River Niger. Sixteen main fish species were identified as the most important by weight in the commercial captures. Fishing methods used are very selective. The catch is mainly large fishes, and only a low percentage of juvenile specimens is present in the catch, suggesting there is no overfishing of the exploited fish stocks.     

长江春季禁渔对崇明北滩渔业群落的影响

对1999至2005年每年的4～6月间崇明北滩渔业群落进行研究,对春季禁渔前后相关指标进行对比分析.实施长江春季禁渔前,崇明北滩渔业群落组成为11目、19科、25属、27种.实施长江春季禁渔后,该群落共出现鱼虾蟹等渔业生物30种,分别隶属于9目18科26属.群落优势种为凤鲚[Coilia mystus(Linnaeus)]、棘头梅童鱼[Collichthys lucidus(Richardson)]、红狼牙(鱼 )虎[Odontamblyopus rubicundus(Hamilton-Bnchanan)]和狭颚绒螯蟹[Eriochier leptognathus (Rathbun)],单位质量小于20g的小型种类占绝对优势,鱼类幼体所占比例极大.多样性特征值平均指标为:Margalef指数1.50,Wilhm改进指数1.83,Simpson指数0.24,Pielou指数0.72.实施春季禁渔后该群落组成变化显著,复杂程度有所下降,多样性特征值仍大幅度波动,企稳回升趋势不明显.结果显示,春季禁渔对该群落的保护作用尚不明显,针对该群落的保护工作应进一步加强.     

生活污水对珠江口渔业水域环境的影响评价

以2011~2015年间以及2001年度珠江口水域渔业生态环境监测数据为基础,选取pH、溶解氧、总氮、总磷4个监测指标,分析研究了近5年来的变化趋势特点及其年代间差异。结果表明:2011~2015年间,珠江口水域pH值指标尚处于相对合理范围内,但呈现波动上升趋势;溶解氧指标仅2015年符合地表水Ⅱ类水质标准和渔业水质标准,从中长期来看呈逐步下降趋势;总氮含量显著超标、总磷含量超标幅度略低,但均较2001年水平有大幅上升。目前,珠江口水域生活污水对渔业生态环境影响整体仍处于重污染状态。基于上述研究结果,建议相关管理和执法部门强化珠江口水域及整个珠江流域的生活污水排放与处理监管,以期逐步改善和提高珠江口水域渔业生态环境质量。     

长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹汛期特征及影响因子

对长江口九段沙水域中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)洄游群体渔获规格及汛期特征进行了调查研究.2006—2011年单船全汛期捕捞量为93.3~769.5 kg,年均值为481.5 kg;日均捕捞量为6.2~26.5 kg,均值为18.5 kg;总捕蟹个数为984~7547只,均值为4129只;平均体质量为89.5~114.5 g/ind,均值为100.7 g/ind;雄蟹比例为65.80%~80.54%,均值为74.35%;2006—2011年单船全汛期捕捞量呈波动上升趋势,峰值出现于2010年;平均体质量则先升后降,峰值出现于2008年.各年汛期内最高日捕捞量基本出现于12月初,其中最早出现于11月24日(2009年),最晚出现于12月12日(2010年).初汛期、旺汛期和尾汛期捕捞量比例分别为4.25%~38.48%、37.92%~72.81%和1.77%~34.00%.各年汛期内初汛期渔获物中大规格个体所占比例较高,雄蟹比例显著高于雌蟹;随着汛期后延,小规格个体的数量逐渐增多,总体渔获规格呈下降趋势,同时雌蟹比例逐渐增加,雌雄比例相对接近.水温和潮汛与捕捞量关系密切,通常水温降至13℃附近时开始进入旺汛期,各年份最高日捕捞量对应的水温介于10℃至13.5℃之间,平均为11.7;℃调查期间小潮期捕捞量占汛期总捕捞量的比例显著高于大潮期,其中小潮期捕捞量比例最高为95.79%(2008年),最低为73.41%(2010年).     

嫩江中游讷河江段瓦氏雅罗鱼生物学研究

2005年4月对江段瓦氏雅罗鱼2只船渔获物234尾进行渔业生物学研究。捕捞群体平均体长16.6 cm(15～29.5 cm),平均体重151.4 g(50～300 g),年龄由1~ ～5~ 龄组成,2~ 占36%;绝对生殖力为8050～12448粒/g,平均为3700粒/g;相对生殖力9. 04～100.6粒/g,平均为34.3粒/g;肥满度系数雌性为0.9436～2.0547%,平均为1.999%。雄性为1.4577～2.054%,平均为1.6262%。捕捞数量2005年春汛6.75 t。嫩江中游讷河江段瓦氏雅罗鱼资源呈现小型化、低龄化趋势;渔业资源呈下降趋势,亟待采取限定捕捞规格的保护措施。     

乌苏里江下游海青江段瓦氏雅罗鱼渔业生物学研究

2003年4月、10月对乌苏里江下游海青江段2只船渔获物瓦氏雅罗鱼234尾进行渔业生物学研究。捕捞群体平均体长16．6cm(15～29．5cm)，平均体重151．4g(50～300g)年龄由1～5龄组成，2占36％；绝对生殖力为8050～12448粒／g，平均为3700粒／g；相对生殖力9．04～100．64粒／g，平均为34．3粒／g；肥满度系数雌性为0．9436～2．0547％(平均为1．999％)，雄性为1．4577～2．050％(平均为1．6262％)。     

The effects of the net fishery closure on angling catch in the River Hvítá, Iceland

Between 1991 and 2000, angling associations on the tributaries of the River Hvítá leased net fishery rights in the Hvítá mainstem, with the aim of eliminating net fishery harvest and improving the rod catch. The rod catch and net catch in the Hvítá system were significantly correlated (r = 0.94; P < 0.001) over the 10‐year period prior to (1981–1990) closure of the net fishery. The rod fishery in the tributaries of the River Hvítá was also significantly correlated to the rod fishery in selected groups of rivers in west (r = 0.80; P < 0.01) and north (r = 0.73; P < 0.05) before the closure. Significant increases (P < 0.01) were observed in rod catches in the Hvítá tributaries between 1991 and 2000 after the closure, while rod catches in control regions decreased. Based on evaluation of rod catch trends before and after the closure, it was estimated that the net fishery lease increased rod catches in the tributaries between 1773 and 2175 fish (28–35%). The increase in rod catches also suggested that the rod fishery may be taking 39–52% of the estimated previous net catch. The high price paid annually for the net fishery lease just to eliminate net fishing (€135 000) reflects the high value of rod caught salmon compared with salmon caught by the net fishery.     

北盘江光照水电站建设前后鱼类资源变化

2009年9月和2010年5月,对北盘江光照水电站影响河段鱼类资源进行现场调查,采集鱼类45种,其中18种为新记录种,各河段鱼类组成特点与生态类型相符。结合相关文献资料,确定调查河段鱼类共71种,其中珍稀濒危鱼类4种,珠江水系特有鱼类3种。光照电站的建设对库区河段的鱼类资源影响显著,喜静缓流生境鱼类占76.5%,喜急流或流水生境鱼类占23.5%;流水生境河段受影响较小,约90%鱼类喜流水生境。调查水域没有典型产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵生境,原记录的产粘性卵鱼类产卵场受影响较小。     

A century of fishery data documenting the collapse of smooth‐hounds (Mustelus spp.) in the Mediterranean Sea

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The effects of the Sahelian drought on the fishery of the central delta of the Niger River

Abstract. Recent changes in rainfall patterns in West Africa have produced drought conditions which have affected the flood regime, of the Niger River. Analysis of a 20-year series of discharge data for the river and the records of landings of fish at Moption the central delta of the Niger show catch in any year to be highly correlated with flood intensities. Some management implications of the reduced catch following the drought years are discussed.     

Analysis of the trophy sport fishery for the speckled peacock bass in the Rio Negro River, Brazil

Abstract  The middle portion of the Rio Negro River in Brazil near the equator supports a popular recreational sport fishery for speckled peacock bass, Cichla temensis (Humboldt). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fishing mortality on this population. Fish were collected from sport-fishing ( n  = 72) and commercial ( n  = 103) catches and otoliths were aged to estimate longevity, growth and natural mortality. Recreational anglers in this region seek to catch, then release, larger speckled peacock bass; and fish larger than 62 cm standard length (SL) (about 4.5 kg) served as a bench mark to assess the potential impact of subsistence and commercial harvest on the abundance of larger fish in the sport fishery. Time of opaque band formation on otoliths generally coincided with the dry season (November to April); these bands appeared to form once per year, but formation was highly variable. Speckled peacock bass grew to 62 cm SL on average in 6.4 years, but some fish obtained this size in 4–5 years. Maximum age was 9 years, but most fish were less than 7 years. Instantaneous annual natural mortality ( M ) estimated from maximum size, longevity and growth ranged from 0.19 to 0.44. Simulation modelling predicted that exploitation rates of fish >25 cm SL similar to the estimated natural mortality rates would reduce the abundance of fish >62 cm by 67–89% compared with no harvest. Even modest exploitation rates of 5% and 10% would result in approximately 30–50% reduction, respectively, of these larger fish. Abundance of large speckled peacock bass that sustains the sport fishery is susceptible to low rates of exploitation in this remote region of Brazil.     

美国切萨比克湾生态修复进展综述及其对长江河口海湾渔业生态修复的启示

长江口其独特的生境构成了水生生物的重要洄游通道、索饵场和产卵场。由于近几十年来长江口生态环境全面衰退,渔业资源量锐减。为重新恢复长江口水生生态系统的平衡,近十余年连续开展长江口水生生态修复工程,目前的研究对生态修复有提高和长期综合研究的需求。本文以与长江口同样经历渔业资源衰退问题的切萨比克湾河口(美国最大的河口海湾)生态修复项目为例,对其项目概况、实施的有效生态修复措施和方法技术进行了综述。以切萨比克湾河口区渔业资源的生态修复为具有典型参考意义的蓝本案例,通过了解其在修复河口理化环境、恢复关键物种资源量、保护与修复重要栖息地、合理利用土地、建立流域尺度综治体系等方面的显著成效,以期在基于生态退化机制的修复、基于生态结构和功能的完整性修复、基于生态流域尺度上的综合修复上获得经验,为长江口渔业生态修复的进一步深化研究和长期保护提供相关资料及启示。     

关于推进长江流域渔业生态补偿制度建设的思考

渔业生态系统是整个长江流域生态系统的重要组成部分,对于维持该流域经济、社会的可持续发展和生态战略安全具有重要意义.本文在分析长江流域渔业生态系统变化趋势基础上指出,渔业生态补偿制度是遏制该流域渔业生态系统继续恶化的客观需求及重要制度安排;对于渔业生态系统多功能性及其价值、补偿主体及客体等理论认识的不足、利益相关者众多、制度建设不完善等是在该流域实施渔业生态补偿制度的主要障碍因素.鉴于此,提出了应加强长江流域渔业生态补偿的主体、补偿的客体、补偿的标准、补偿的方式、补偿的资金来源等相关问题的理论研究,并充分关注长江流域渔业生态补偿的特殊要求、确立全局及系统观点,将渔业生态补偿纳入长江流域生态补偿大框架,最终建立以纵向宏观调控为主、以横向市场机制为辅的长江流域渔业生态补偿机制.     

长江口、杭州湾附近渔业水域生态环境质量评价研究

根据2000年-2002年5月、8月在长江口、杭州湾附近渔业水域进行的水质、表层沉积物和浮游生物的监测结果,采用单项和多项综合评价法,着重分析、评价该渔业水域生态环境质量现状和变动趋势.评价结果表明研究区域水质综合评价处于重污染水平,2002年水质污染比前二年更严重;表层沉积物质量综合评价处于微污染水平,年际变动幅度较小;浮游生物生态环境质量均处于中污染水平,年际变动幅度较小;由于水体污染严重,长江口、杭州湾附近渔业水域生态环境总体质量处于重污染水平,2002年总体质量比前二年进一步下降.     

雅鲁藏布江异齿裂腹鱼种群资源状况及其养护措施

异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd)为中国特有种,由于过度捕捞和生物入侵等因素,其种群生存受到极大威胁。2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江拉孜至尼木江段共采集异齿裂腹鱼1126尾,利用单位补充量模型对其种群资源利用现状及其养护措施进行了研究。结果表明,雌性和雄性异齿裂腹鱼年总瞬时死亡率(Z)分别为0.11/a和0.16/a,雌、雄种群自然死亡率(M)范围分别为0.08/a～0.09/a和0.10/a～0.12/a,雌雄鱼的当前捕捞死亡率(F_(cur))范围分别为0.02/a～0.03/a和0.04/a～0.06/a。异齿裂腹鱼雌鱼种群繁殖潜力比范围为61.7%～73.1%,全部高于目标参考点(40%),雄鱼种群繁殖潜力比范围为48.5%～63.3%,全部高于目标参考点(40%)。这表明在现有的资源养护措施下,异齿裂腹鱼种群的利用基本合理,但要防止长期持续利用对种群的不利影响。14种不同养护措施模拟结果表明,将异齿裂腹鱼的起捕年龄设置为不小于17龄或禁渔期至少设置为2—5月,可实现对其资源的有效养护。     

An assessment of the Prochilodus platensis Holmberg population in the Pilcomayo River fishery, Bolivia using scale-based and computer-assisted methods

Abstract. The catch from the fishery for the migratory Prochilodus platensis Holmberg on the Rio Pilcomayo shows considerable annual variation. Peaks were apparent in 1981 and 1982, followed by very low returns between 1983 and 1985 and a resurgence in 1986. The catch in 1986 was 1011t with the degree of annual variation probably lying between 500 and 2000t. In the Pilcomayo P. platensis is a rapidly growing short-lived fish with a maximum life expectancy of 6-7 years and an upper size approaching 61.5cm. The fish first migrate and appear in Bolivian' waters when they are 21/2-3 years old, having spent the first 2 years on the nursery grounds, probably on the Argentine/Paraguay section of the river. Although fish of this age were numerous in the 1986 catches, the optimal market size is rather larger, and older fish are taken preferentially. The fishery actually depends upon very few age classes. A comparison of growth and mortality rates obtained from scale reading and from length frequency analysis by ELEFAN programs showed a close agreement. The considerable fluctuations in the fishery are largely due to the highly variable flood regime of the river rather than to fishing pressure, with the flood determining recruitment in 2 years' time. Nevertheless, a combination of a sequence of poor flood years with sustained fishing pressure could seriously damage the fishery.