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1.
有机基质栽培对巨峰葡萄花色苷合成基因表达的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为明确有机基质栽培对葡萄花色苷合成的影响,以巨峰葡萄为材料,分别采用液相色谱(HPLC)技术和RT-PCR技术,研究有机基质栽培对葡萄果皮花色苷含量及其生物合成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,有机基质组的花色苷总含量明显高于对照组;有机基质栽培使巨峰葡萄果实整个发育期或部分着色期果皮花色苷生物合成途径中PAL、4CL、CHS、CHI、F3Hs等结构基因和Vlmyb A1-1、Vvmyb A1等调节基因的转录表达上调。本研究结果为巨峰葡萄有机基质栽培技术的应用与推广提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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基于果实质地参数的葡萄贮藏特性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨葡萄品种间贮藏特性差异,采用质地多面分析和整果穿刺法对6个葡萄品种(红玛斯卡特、亚历山大、夏黑、红地球、金手指、红宝石无核)的质地参数进行测定分析。结果表明,葡萄不同品种间质地差异显著,夏黑果肉硬度、咀嚼性最大,果肉弹性、内聚性、回复性和果皮韧性均最小;亚历山大果皮强度和果皮韧性均最大;红玛斯卡特果肉内聚性和回复性最大。贮藏过程中葡萄果肉硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、内聚性、回复性和果皮强度逐渐下降,而果皮韧性则呈上升趋势。贮藏14 d时,夏黑果肉硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性和果皮韧性降幅显著大于其他品种;贮藏35 d时,红玛斯卡特果肉弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性、果皮强度、果皮韧性均变幅较小,金手指果肉硬度、咀嚼性、果皮强度变幅较大。综合分析认为,6个葡萄品种中夏黑可短期贮藏,红玛斯卡特更耐贮藏,金手指较不耐贮藏,其他3个品种贮藏特性居中。本研究通过比较6个葡萄品种贮藏过程中质地参数变化差异,为葡萄品种筛选及新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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不同品种葡萄叶片光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应及旱后恢复过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以设施葡萄品种“巨峰”和“夏黑”为试材,设置5个不同的干旱胁迫组:T1(干旱胁迫3d),T2(干旱胁迫6d),T3(干旱胁迫9d),T4(干旱胁迫12d)和T5(干旱胁迫15d),以正常水分处理组为CK(土壤相对含水率70%~80%),研究干旱胁迫下葡萄叶片的光合荧光参数变化,以及不同程度干旱胁迫后水分恢复处理下的叶片恢复情况。结果表明:干旱可降低葡萄叶片的光合参数和荧光参数,且巨峰的变化幅度大于夏黑。在15d的干旱胁迫中,巨峰的光合参数下降70%~90%,夏黑下降60%~80%;葡萄叶片的荧光参数中,F0随着干旱胁迫的加剧而显著上升,而qP、Fv/Fm、ETR和ΦPSⅡ则随着干旱胁迫加剧而降低。其中巨峰叶片的ΦPSⅡ、qP和ETR在15d的干旱胁迫中分别下降40.63%、43.24%和57.71%,F0上升48.27%。夏黑叶片的ΦPSⅡ、qP和ETR在15d的干旱胁迫中分别下降26.38%、40.00%和59.69%,F0则上升50.19%。葡萄叶片的旱后恢复过程,在胁迫程度较轻时(T1-T4),夏黑叶片的光合参数恢复能力大于巨峰,胁迫程度较重(T5)时则相反;两个葡萄品种荧光参数的恢复程度差异不显著。 相似文献
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短波紫外线处理对采后草莓果实腐烂和抗氧化能力的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以"凤冠"草莓为材料,研究了0、1.5、3.0和4.5kJ.m-2UV-C处理对草莓果实在10℃,12d贮藏期间腐烂和果实抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,3kJ.m-2UV-C处理能显著抑制草莓果实采后腐烂的发生和MDA的积累,延缓果实失重、硬度和可溶性固形物含量的降低,促进果实CIRG值的提高,增强果实采后着色能力,从而保持果实的感官和食用品质。同时,3kJ.m-2UV-C处理能促进贮藏期间果实总花色苷、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力的增加,减少草莓果实中抗氧化组分含量的下降,维持果实较高的营养品质。说明适宜剂量的UV-C处理(3kJ.m-2)在草莓果实采后后贮运保鲜和抗氧化能力调控中具有潜在的应用前景。 相似文献
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以花牛苹果为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对花牛苹果冷藏期间果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率及香气成分相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,1-MCP能够显著抑制冷藏期间花牛苹果果实呼吸强度和乙烯生成,推迟呼吸和乙烯释放高峰的出现,同时能够抑制花牛苹果香气合成的相关酶活性,从而延缓果实的后熟与衰老,有效保持花牛苹果贮藏期间的生理品质。冷藏120 d,果实LOX酶活性峰值较同期对照降低了21.6%;PDC酶活性于冷藏180 d时达到最大,较同期对照低了51.5%。1-MCP 处理降低了AAT酶活性峰值,但并未推迟峰值的来临。 相似文献
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以野牛草成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为材料,研究了外源多胺对愈伤组织褐化的影响及愈伤组织不同生长时期内源多胺和乙烯合成代谢规律。结果表明,精胺(Spm)3 mg/L和亚精胺(Spd)3 mg/L在不同程度上改善了愈伤组织生长质量,愈伤组织开始褐化的时间明显延迟。外源多胺对愈伤组织内源多胺与乙烯合成的影响在不同生长时期差异明显,继代培养10 d,外源多胺促使愈伤组织内源多胺含量增加,而乙烯释放量保持较低水平;培养至20 d,除Spd促使愈伤组织内源Spm含量增加外,其它处理的内源多胺含量均呈下降趋势;至30 d时,内源多胺含量与乙烯释放量降至最低。因此认为野牛草成熟胚的愈伤组织褐化与乙烯和多胺的代谢有关。 相似文献
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冷锻炼处理减轻低温贮藏桃果实冷害的能量代谢机理 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
为探讨通过维持低温贮藏桃果实能量代谢水平而减轻冷害的有效方法,以‘大久保’桃为试材,分别以24、5、0℃贮藏为对照,研究冷锻炼处理(8℃冷锻炼5d后转入0℃冷藏,CAT)对维持冷藏及其货架期间桃果实线粒体呼吸代谢相关酶及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量的影响。结果表明:24℃贮藏模式下桃果实的H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)活性在贮藏过程中2~3d出现了活性高峰,之后随着果实的软化衰老而显著下降。5℃贮藏桃果实贮藏期间的H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、SDH、CCO活性和ATP含量最低,且下降速度也最快;0℃贮藏次之,而CAT贮藏可有效抑制桃果实H+-ATPase、SDH和CCO活性的下降,保持较高的ATP含量。随着贮藏时间的延长,货架期期间H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、SDH、CCO活性和ATP含量均降低,但CAT处理明显高于5、0℃冷藏处理。这表明冷锻炼处理可通过调节线粒体呼吸代谢酶活性,维持果实较高的能量水平,有利于减轻果实冷害的发生并延长贮藏期。 相似文献
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以4年生露地栽培巨峰葡萄(砧木为贝达)为试材,研究氨基酸硒的不同施用方法和不同施用量条件下巨峰葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性。试验结果表明:(1)盛花期叶面喷施0.01%氨基酸硒(最适浓度)和土施0.3 g/株氨基酸硒(最适浓度)后,从花后至成熟巨峰葡萄的叶片、叶柄、果肉和单果硒含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。(2)与对照相比,施硒处理后,硒含量的累积顺序发生了变化,叶喷处理硒含量的累积顺序是叶片果肉叶柄,土施处理硒含量的累积顺序是果肉叶片叶柄。(3)不同施用方式影响硒在果实中积累与分布,土施硒肥处理,硒的积累顺序是先累积到种子,再到果肉,最后到果皮;叶面喷施硒肥处理,硒的积累顺序是先累积到果皮,再到果肉,最后才到种子。(4)无论叶喷还是土施氨基酸硒肥都在盛花期施用效果较好;当外源硒施入量增加时,巨峰葡萄果实各部位硒含量增加。 相似文献
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番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)是研究果实成熟衰老的模式材料,其成熟是一个多基因调控的高度协调的遗传调控过程,伴随着色泽、质地、风味、香气和其他代谢等许多显著的生理生化变化.近年来,small RNAs作为一种新型的转录后调控因子受到越来越多的关注,几乎参与了动植物中所有的生理和生化过程.在植物中参与生长发育、果实成熟、生物和非生物胁迫反应等过程.本文系统地综述了番茄果实中small RNAs的分离鉴定现状,对番茄果实中与乙烯信号途径、颜色、风味、软化等代谢途径相关的small RNAs进行了系统总结,并展望了未来small RNAs在果实成熟过程中的相关研究方向. 相似文献
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【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献