改进集约化养猪生产环境的措施

为建立和改善养猪生产环境，提高集约化养猪生产水平。综合分析了集约化猪场生产环境中存在的主要问题，介绍了改善和治理养猪生产环境的措施和方法。     

改进集约化养猪生产环境的措施

随着畜牧生产的不断发展,集约化养猪逐步取代一家一户传统的饲养方式。在集约化高密度养猪生产的条件下,由于对环境重视不够,忽略了养猪过程中的环境保护,导致生产环境恶化,致使生产水平下降,造成疫情大面积的发生及流行,严重制约着养猪生产的持续发展,给养猪企业造成巨大的经济损失。因此,改进集约化养猪生产环境迫在眉捷。     

生物安全技术在现代养猪生产中的应用

生物安全技术在现代养猪生产中的应用日益受到重视，已成为集约化养猪生产的一项系统工程。本文从生物自身安全、兽医卫生管理、健康管理程序、环境与健康等方面阐述了生物安全在现代养猪生产中的应用，同时也为集约化猪场生物安全体系的建立提出了若干建议。     

转变养猪生产方式的关键

中国发生禽流感之后，中国养猪学界、业界和政界都在思索一个问题，分散与千家万户经营养猪会污染环境，很难作到养猪生产防疫、治疗及生产的一致性。2004年农业部提出养殖业要转变生产方式，从分散经营走向适度规模化和集约化生产。改变养猪生产方式后，规模化和集约化生产的瓶颈是什么?如何对养猪生产区域进行整体布局?如何配合养猪设备与设施?如何做到清洁生产?如何实现全进全出，     

生态养猪技术示范效益分析

生态养猪就是采用生物发酵床环保节能养猪技术，能有效控制猪的排泄物对环境的污染，净化空气，改善人类的生存环境，同时也是发展生态畜牧业，生产无公害的绿色有机猪的有效途径。2008年我县实施该项目，不但提高了我市养猪的科技含量，促进了规模化、集约化养猪程度的发展，而且取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。累计出栏生猪3200头，创产值422．4万元，纯利润129．6万元。     

规模化养猪场的环境污染和应对措施

随着养猪场规模越来越大，集约化和机械化程度的提高，所引起的环境问题越来越引起人们的关注。要实现养猪业可持续发展．必须改善生态环境．无害化处理及资源化利用畜禽废弃物，保持养猪生产与环境保护的协调。     

夏季养猪应注意的环境和措施

在现代养猪生产中，疫病、饲料、品种和环境是制约生产水平高低的四大主要因素。有资料证明，在规模化、集约化养猪生产中，疫病的发生给生产造成很大损失，直接影响猪场的经济效益。一般情况下疫病在猪场的损失中占50％以上。品种和饲料在养猪生产中对经济效益也起主要作用，但只要按市场需求合理调配更新品种，按科学的方法配制饲料，都能保证猪生产水平的正常发挥。而环境(包括饲养管理)因素在养猪生产中占有独特的地位，尤其是规模化、集约化养猪场表现更为突出。     

猪舍内环境控制新技术

随着我国养猪生产的规模化,集约化程度提高与之相配套的猪舍环境控制技术研究越发显得重要,只有在适应的环境条件下,猪的生产潜力才能得以充分发挥,猪只的生产性能和养猪效益才能得以保障,在实际生产中,对猪舍内温度、光照和空气质量等环境因素的科学调控是重点改善猪舍、鸡舍空气质量。     

规模养猪场养猪生产与环境控制问题的探讨

近２０年来，我国的养猪业生产有了长足的进步，养猪生产方式已从过去的农户分散饲养改变为规模化、集约化养殖，饲养规模也从以前的每户几头到二三十头上升到几百头，甚至上千头、万头、十万头的大型养殖公司也得到进一步的发展。众所周知，猪生产性能的充分发挥，必须借助于适宜的环境条件，尤其是集约化生产方式，不仅要求具有先进的科学技术、设备条件、现代化生产工艺，而且需要适宜的生产环境。但随着规模化和集约化程度的不断提高，环境控制、卫生防疫、粪便处理方面存在的问题就变得越来越突出，严重制约了养猪生产水平。本文通过以…     

集约化猪场猪异常行为的发生原因及防制措施

随着集约化养猪生产的发展，猪异常行为的发生率有升高趋势，据临床观察和分析，其发生原因主要有环境因素，疾病因素，营养因素，饲养管理因素及猪的心理行为因素等。减少或避免猪异常行为的发生，应根据基发生原因坚持以防为主，防重于治的原则，着重加强饲养管理和养猪环境的改善。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.