微量元素氨基酸螯合物对奶牛生产性能影响的研究

用微量元素氨基酸螯合物(简称氨基酸螯合物)代替无机微量元素,添加到奶牛日粮中饲喂奶牛,研究氨基酸螯合物对奶牛生产性能的影响,试验结果表明:氨基酸螯合物对提高奶牛产奶量、改善奶品质具有重要作用。试验期末,试验组奶牛产奶量与对照组相比提高11%(p<0.05),乳蛋白含量提高3.5%(p<0.05),乳脂率和乳非脂固形物含量等无明显变化。     

氨基酸螯合物对奶牛生产性能影响的研究

用氨基酸螯合物代替奶牛日粮中的无机微量元素添加剂以研究氨基酸螯合物对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明:氨基酸螯合物对提高产奶量,改善奶品质具有重要作用。试验期末,试验组奶牛产奶量与对照组相比提高10.34%(P<0.05),乳蛋白含量提高3.4%(P<0.05),奶料比、乳脂率和乳非脂固形物含量无明显变化。     

中草药对奶牛泌乳性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用荷斯坦泌乳母牛 2 4头 ,根据日产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次、体况等因素按随机区组设计分为 2组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组在基础日粮基础上添加中草药添加剂。试验期 6 0d。结果表明 :添加中草药显著提高奶牛产奶量 2 .5 7kg/头·日 (P <0 .0 1) ;对干物质采食量、体重变化无显著影响 ,但可以降低奶牛失重 2 3.0 8% ;对乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳干物质含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对奶牛血清葡萄糖、血清尿素氮、胆固醇、甘油三酯、胰岛素、促乳素无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但可使奶牛血清总蛋白含量不因气温变化而显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,生长素含量在试验第30d显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

复合微量元素营养舔砖对乳品产量和质量的影响

为了探索复合微量元素营养舔砖对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响,将60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分成复合微量元素营养舔砖组和对照组(不饲喂舔砖),比较了2组的总产奶量、日均产奶量、蛋白含量、乳脂肪含量和体细胞数等指标。结果显示,试验期内舔砖组每头奶牛总产奶量提高了40.96 kg(P0.05),日均产奶量提高了0.68 kg(P0.05);乳样中乳蛋白含量提高了0.11个百分点(P0.05),乳脂肪含量提高了0.06个百分点(P0.05),体细胞数降低了2.22万个/mL。表明复合微量元素营养舔砖可显著增加奶牛的产奶量并改善乳品品质。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎对产奶量、乳成分和奶中物理指标的影响

为了研究奶牛隐性乳房炎对产奶量、乳常规成分、乳密度和冰点的影响 ,对哈尔滨市及周边地区的 2 89头中国荷斯坦奶牛进行了调查 ,对其中 5 1头患隐性乳房炎奶牛和 2 5头健康奶牛的乳常规成分、乳密度和乳冰点进行了测定。结果表明 :调查地区的奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为 75 %。隐性乳房炎导致产奶量下降 ,平均减少 2 .75kg/d ;乳脂肪含量显著低于健康奶牛 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;总酪蛋白和乳糖含量极显著低于健康奶牛 (P <0 .0 1) ;而乳干物质、总蛋白质、非脂固形物的含量及乳密度、乳冰点与健康奶牛无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

复合半胱胺盐酸盐对泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能的影响

试验用动物为 98头多胎黑白花奶牛。试验开始时的平均泌乳天数为 1 3 5 d,日平均产奶量 3 5 kg。根据奶产量( M)将 98头奶牛分成 4个组 ,各产量组随机划分复合半胱胺盐酸盐处理 ( CSC,n=49)与对照 ( n=47) ,试验期计 1 3周。 4种剂量复合半胱胺盐酸盐 ( 2 0 0 0 U / d处理 1周 ,3 0 0 0 U/ d处理 4周 ,40 0 0 U/ d处理 5周 ,60 0 0 U/ d处理 3周 )对不同生产水平奶牛生产性能的影响如下 :第 1组 ( M<3 0 kg/ d)试验期内 ( 1 3周 )平均日产奶量增加 1 2 .1 % ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,4种剂量的效果分别为 1 1 % ( P=0 .1 3 )、1 8.6% ( P<0 .0 5 )、1 9.4% ( P=0 .1 3 )和 1 1 .7% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;其它 3个组奶未见显著变化。第4组 ( M>40 kg/ d)乳脂率 ( % )提高 1 6.1 % ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,乳蛋白含量 ( % )提高 7.9% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;第 2组 ( 3 0 3 5 kg/d)乳脂率 ( % )和乳蛋白含量 ( % )也显著提高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;4个产量组的平均乳蛋白含量 ( % )显著提高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。并且 ,第1和第 4组的乳蛋白合成及 FCM( fat corrected milk)产量趋于增加 ( 0 .0 5 相似文献   

大豆异黄酮对奶牛产奶量和乳脂率及饲料转化率的影响

为研究大豆异黄酮对奶牛日产奶量、乳脂率及饲料转化率的影响 ,选用 2 4头年产奶量在 6 0 0 0～ 70 0 0kg的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分成 3组 (n =8) ,试验组在日粮中分别添加 6 0mg/kg (Da1)和 72mg/kg (Da2 )的大豆异黄酮 ,每天测定产奶量和乳脂率 ,并计算饲料的转化率 ,试验期为 2 0d。结果表明 :与对照组相比较 ,试验组平均日奶产量分别提高了 11.8% (Da1,P <0 .0 1)和 3.4 % (Da2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,饲料转化率显著提高 ;而乳脂率 3组间没有明显差异     

饲料中添加沸石粉对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

在奶牛精料中添加 3%、5 %的沸石粉 ,研究其对产奶量及乳成分的影响 ,经过 5 0天的试验 ,结果表明 :添加 3%沸石粉的试验组产奶量比对照组提高了 3 0 9%(P >0 0 5 ) ,添加 5 %的试验组产奶量比对照组提高了 7 96 %(P <0 0 5 )。添加沸石粉的试验组与对照组相比乳脂率分别下降了 12 5 %和 15 6 %(P <0 0 5 ) ,乳蛋白分别下降了 3 8%和 3 2 %(P >0 0 5 )。     

酸贮玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能影响的初步探讨

将 16头黑白花奶牛随机分成A和B两组 ,A组以酸贮玉米秸秆作为产奶牛的唯一粗饲料 ,B组以风干玉米秸秆为粗饲料 (对照组 )进行全交叉反转试验 ,观察两种粗饲料对产奶量和奶品质的影响。结果表明 :同对照组相比 ,试验组奶牛的粗饲料日采食量提高 4 2 % ,精饲料日采食量下降 5 .7% ,日产奶量提高 7.4 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,经济效益提高 2 7% ,而且酸贮玉米秸秆具有独特的预防瘤胃酸度过高的作用。     

红洛奇矿物舔砖饲喂泌乳牛效果试验

试验选择 2 0头中国荷斯坦奶牛 ,随机分成试验组和对照组各 10头 ,在饲养管理和饲粮相同的情况下 ,试验组牛只自由舔食红洛奇矿物舔砖 ,试验期 6 0d。结果表明 ,头均日产奶量试验组较对照组多 1 89kg ,产奶量提高 8 81% (P <0 0 5 ) ;并且改善了奶牛皮肤和被毛的营养状况 ,治愈了异食癖症。试验组比对照组平均每头每日多盈利 2 6 6元 ,提高了 8% (P <0 0 5 )。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。