番木瓜长圆型两性花花器官分化的解剖观察

采用石蜡切片技术,观察研究番木瓜长圆开型两性花的花器官发生和分化过程及其与外部形态关系。结果发现,番木瓜两性花的发育方式属于向心式,花部各器官由外向内依次分化发生。发育进程可以分为以下几个阶段:花芽未分化期,花芽分化期,花萼原基分化期,花冠原基分化期,雄蕊原基分化期,雌蕊原基分化期。花芽分化启动的时间非常短,在外部形态直径小于0.4mm左右时,花芽已开始分化。雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊,花粉粒成熟时,大孢子才处于球形胚或心形胚阶段。研究结果为生产上对两性花的花期和花性调控的时间选择提供了理论参考。     

番木瓜优良品种的引进与选育研究

通过对番木瓜种质资源的调查,引进收集国内外优良品种,建立种质资源圃保存,进行有性杂交、品种比较试验及生产试种,选育出番木瓜桂热1号、番木瓜桂热2号新品种。     

广西金光农场水果型番木瓜新品种引进及产业发展初报

水果型番木瓜是番木瓜中的佼佼者,其肉质鲜嫩,味甜清香,越来越受到消费者的青睐,种植水果型番木瓜具有较为广阔的发展前景。2002年以前,广西水果型番木瓜的生产几乎是一片空白。2002年10月起,广西开始引进水果型番木瓜新品种,发展番木瓜产业。至2007年春,广西全区水果型番木瓜种植面积达315hm2,成为华南地区番木瓜连片种植的最大生产基地。     

墨西哥:加强番木瓜安全生产措施

考虑到85%的美国市场均有来自墨西哥的番木瓜出售,墨西哥加强番木瓜安全生产措施以确保产品安全;墨西哥安装了8条包装生产线,已并投入使用,这8条生产线均通过了相关机构认证并符合"良好生产规范"标准。据墨西哥番木瓜生产全国委员会主席解释称,在这些包装生产线安装使用的同时,通过国家健康和食品安全质量服务机构(SENASA)在17个番木瓜生产州中的9     

墨西哥政府支持温室番木瓜生产

据当地媒体报道,政府将支持墨西哥科利马州温室番木瓜生产,这一举措将使该州成为墨西哥最大的番木瓜生产基地。首先,5个温室将进行扩建,从国外进口温室设备,面积达13.5hm2,耗资约79万美元。墨西     

野生毛葡萄组培快繁技术取得进展

据广西壮族自治区农业厅透露的消息,野生毛葡萄组培快繁技术目前已在广西取得突破性进展。野生毛葡萄营养成分高,但只生长在广西都安、罗城、桂林等山区,产量少,满足不了葡萄酒酿造业的需要。广西植物组培有限公司历经4年研究,证明利用组培方法培育的野生毛葡萄不但可以在山上种植,还可以在平原开花结果。若这一成果能在全区大面积推广,有望实现广西野生葡萄生产产业化野生毛葡萄组培快繁技术取得进展     

海南番木瓜疫病病原菌鉴定与ITS序列分析

笔者对海南番木瓜疫病病原菌进行分离、纯化及致病性测定,并通过形态学和分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定。结果表明通过形态学鉴定和核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析,进一步明确海南番木瓜疫病病原菌为棕榈疫霉（Phytophthora palmivora）。     

植物组培生产污染控制技术

通过长期组培生产实践,在外植体处理、培养基控制、接种等用具管理、室内环境的控制、污染源的判断等各环节积累了成功经验;本文概括了植物组培生产的各环节在控制污染方面应采取的方法和技术,整理出一整套行之有效的适合组培苗规模化生长中控制污染的技术。     

肯尼亚科学家号召香蕉种植户采用组培苗定植技术

业界人士提出,如果肯尼亚种植户全都采用组培技术进行生产,干旱、饥饿和营养不良将很快成为过去。来自世界各地的科学家、学者、研究人员以及企业家等云集肯尼亚内罗毕,参加由非洲生物技术股东论坛主持召开的大会。此次大会重点在于让种植户能从快速发展的组培技术中受益,利用已有的品种资源和土地资源力争做到自给自足,以减轻对国际捐赠的依赖程度。     

肯尼亚科学家号召种植户采用组培技术

业界人士提出，如果肯尼亚种植户全都采用组培技术进行生产，干旱、饥饿和营养不良将很快成为过去。来自世界各地的科学家、学者、研究人员以及企业家等云集肯尼亚内罗毕，参加由非洲生物技术股东论坛主持召开的大会。此次大会重点在于让种植户能从快速发展的组培技术中受益，利用已有的品种资源和土地资源力争做到自给自足，以减轻对国际捐赠的依赖程度。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.