乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用能有效抑制柑桔全爪螨

正据《植物保护》2021年第4期《乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用对柑桔全爪螨的田间防治效果评价》(作者唐涛等)报道,于2017—2018年通过田间小区试验评价了30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC、30%乙唑螨腈SC、240 g/L螺螨酯SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC及43%联苯肼酯SC对柑桔全爪螨的防治效果及其对柑桔树的安全性。     

柑桔全爪螨害桑及生物学特性研究

四川、重庆地区柑桔全爪螨对桑树的危害有逐年加重的趋势,在室内自然温湿度条件下,用桑叶作饲料饲育研究其生活年史,表明该螨在重庆北碚年发生16代,在15.4℃～15.6℃、20.1℃～21.6℃、24.4℃～25.8℃、29.6℃～31.5℃下,卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨经过平均历期(日:时)依次为18:01、8:00、5:12、3:05;3:19、3:07、2:09、1:15;2:22、2:08、1:21、1:15;6:05、3:2O、2:09、1:19.成螨寿命8～42天,每头雌螨平均34.8粒;幼、若、成螨喜在叶底及叶缘分散为害,田间发生以5～6月、10～12月螨量大,对雨水冲刷及农药的抗性远比朱砂叶螨强,有逐步上升为桑园主要害螨之一的趋势.     

氰戊菊酯与单甲脒复配对桔全爪螨的增效作用

由于不合理用药,桔全爪螨（柑桔红蜘蛛）已对大部分杀螨剂产生了抗药性。农药复配作为延缓和克服抗药性的有效手段,正日益受到重视。为此,开展了氰戊菊酯与单甲脒复配防治桔全爪螨药效试验。 室内毒力测定结果,氰戊菊酯与单甲眯分别按１：２０、１：１０、１：５和１：２．５的比例进行复配,对桔全爪螨均有不同程度的增效作用。与氰戊菊酯的致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０＝２３３．９１ × １０－６）求得的毒力指数相比较,上述不同比例系配剂增效倍数分别为 ０．７６、 １．７７、３．１１和２．１１借。其中氰戊菊酯与单甲眯以１：５的比例…     

氰戊菊酯与单甲脒复配对桔全爪螨的增效作用

由于不合理用药,桔全爪螨（柑桔红蜘蛛）已对大部分杀螨剂产生了抗药性。农药复配作为延缓和克服抗药性的有效手段,正日益受到重视,为此,开展了氰戊菊酯与单甲脒复配防治桔全爪螨药效试验。 室内毒力测定结果,氰成菊酯与单甲脒分别按１：２０、１：１０、１：５和１：２,５的比例进行复配,对防治桔全爪螨均有不同程度的增效作用。与氰戊菊酯的致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０＝２３３．９１ Ｘ １０－６）求得的毒力指数相比较,上述不同比例复配剂增效倍数分别为０．７６、１．７７、３．１１和２．１１倍。其中氰戊菊酯与单甲脒以１：５的比…     

巴氏新小绥螨对柑桔全爪螨的田间防效试验

以柑桔全爪螨为防治对象,在柑桔全爪螨自然发生程度较轻、中等和严重的柑桔果园中,采用巴氏新小绥螨进行处理,评价释放不同数量的巴氏新小绥螨对不同虫口基数下的柑桔全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明：３个释放密度(1000、2000、3000头/株)的巴氏新小绥螨对柑桔全爪螨种群均有较好的防治效果,最高虫口减退率及防效均在85%以上。柑桔全爪螨发生程度较轻的区域,释放巴氏新小绥螨防效从高到低分别为3000头/株>2000>头/株>1000头/株;发生程度中等的区域,释放巴氏新小绥螨3000头/株与2000头/株防效相当,高于1000头/株;发生程度严重的区域,释放捕食螨后7-21天,防效较为稳定,但21天后,各处理的防效值波动较大。综合生防成本与防效,推荐释放量为2000头/株,且在危害程度较轻和中等时释放巴氏新小绥螨持效期长、防效更为稳定。     

柑桔全爪螨抗性分子机理研究取得重要进展

柑桔全爪螨又名柑桔红蜘蛛,是一种世界性害螨,在我国各柑桔产区为害特别严重。目前,化学防治仍是控制柑桔全爪螨最为有效的措施,但由于其个体小、世代多、繁殖力强,对药剂极易产生抗性。尽管柑桔全爪螨抗性极其严重,但确切的抗性分子机理仍不明确。     

10%三唑锡乳油防治柑桔全爪螨的药效试验

1998年进行的田间试验设10％三唑锡乳油（浙江乐清市华兴化工有限公司产）1000、2000、3000倍液,25％三唑锡可湿性粉剂（山东招远三联化工厂产）3000倍液及清水空白对照共5个处理,每小区4株树,重复4次,随机排列,10月22日喷布。药后1天检查结果表明,三唑锡乳油3种浓度处理对柑桔全爪螨的防效依次分别为99．1％、98．0％、97．2％,与25％三唑锡可湿性粉剂处理的防效（98．9％）相近。药后对天检查结果表明,三唑锡乳油3种浓度处理的防效依次分别为96．9％、92．2％、88．4％,25％三唑锡可湿性粉剂为93．7％。在试验浓度范围内10％三唑…     

最新杀螨剂乙唑螨腈对柑桔全爪螨的室内毒力及田间防效

采用玻片浸渍法测定了30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨的毒力,并通过田间药效试验检验30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨的防治效果。室内毒力结果表明,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨雌成螨24h的LC50为0.3998mg/L, 48h的LC50为0.1714 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨具有较高的防治效果,其速效性好,持效期亦长,药后1d,高浓度（3000倍）的防效达92.77%,低浓度（6000倍）的防效亦达83.42%,药后3d,各处理浓度的防效均达94%以上,28d后防效仍保持在91%以上,是目前桔园防治柑桔全爪螨较理想的药剂。该药剂试验剂量范围内未发现对柑桔产生药害, 对天敌较安全,可以在生产上大面积推广应用。     

生物防治四季柚全爪螨的探讨

害虫的生物防治、物理防治、化学防治等相结合的综合治理已经成为现代生态农业害虫管理系统的发展方向。本文结合苍南四季柚病虫害防治工作实践分析了以螨治螨的可行性,并且探讨了巴氏钝绥螨的释放技术,进而探讨了九种常用药剂对释放巴氏钝绥螨的安全性影响。     

阿维菌素和螺螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的联合毒力

摘要 选阿维菌素和螺螨酯两种原药配制成不同比例的混剂,采用Potter喷雾法测定各自对柑橘全爪螨的室内联合毒力。结果表明,阿维菌素和螺螨酯不同配比的混剂对柑橘全爪螨有不同的复配效应,其中配比1:25混剂的共毒系数为117.23,表现为相加作用,配比1:5、1:10、1:15、1:20混剂的共毒系数分别为144.04、188.77、141.61、165.43,表现为增效作用,其中配比1:10混剂的共毒系数最大,具有最好的增效作用。     

扑利旺防治柑橘红蜘蛛的应用技术研究

为探索扑利旺在柑橘红蜘蛛上的应用效果,开展了扑利旺防治柑橘红蜘蛛卵室内试验以及在不同虫口基数和不同温度条件下的田间试验。结果表明：扑利旺可明显抑制柑橘红蜘蛛卵的孵化,且孵化后幼螨存活率降低,并对幼螨、若螨和成螨均有较好的防治效果。生产使用中,在虫口基数低（2-3头/叶）或春季红蜘蛛发生期,推荐扑利旺200-300倍喷雾处理或扑利旺500倍+24%螺螨酯5000倍喷雾处理;而在虫口基数高（9-10头/叶）或秋季红蜘蛛繁殖高峰期,推荐扑利旺200-300倍+ 24%螺螨酯5000倍喷雾处理来控制柑橘红蜘蛛的危害。     

福帅得防治柑桔红蜘蛛初探

柑桔红蜘蛛是桔园主要害虫,随着用药次数的增多其抗药性也增强,为了寻找新的药剂,进行了福帅得防治柑桔红蜘蛛的药效试验。结果表明：50%福帅得悬浮剂对柑桔红蜘蛛成虫与卵的防治效果很好,2000倍以上防治效果均在95.9%以上,与24%螨危悬浮剂间无显著差异性,且有很好的持效性,对柑桔安全。     

The efficacy of used engine oil against ticks on cattle

The study was conducted in a peri-urban agricultural system at Botshabelo, a city in the south-eastern Free State. A questionnaire survey revealed that 88.5% of cattle farmers in the area experienced problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases. Because of the cost of commercial acaricides the Botshabelo farmers use alternative, cheaper methods of tick control, including the application of used engine oil. The specific aim of the study was to determine whether used engine oil can effectively control ticks on cattle. From March to August 1996 the tick burdens of ten control animals and six animals treated by their owner with used engine oil were compared. The total tick burdens for the 6 month period differed significantly between the two experimental groups. The efficacy of the used engine oil on the treated group varied between 15.1% and 64.8% with a mean of 38.1%. Although commercial acaricides can be more cost-effective, the application of used engine oil can be useful to reduce tick numbers on cattle during periods of peak abundance. Another advantage in that the use of the oil will not influence existing endemic stability of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections because of the residual tick burdens after treatment.     

柑橘全爪螨不同品系谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因表达差异分析

为了明确谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathion S-transferases, GSTs）基因与柑橘全爪螨抗性的关系,通过BLAST搜索,对柑橘全爪螨转录组数据库的GST基因进行鉴定,应用MEGA4.0.1软件对GST基因进行同源与进化分析,进一步采用RPKM法对柑橘全爪螨敏感品系和噻螨酮抗性品系GST基因进行表达差异分析。从柑橘全爪螨转录组中获得了30条GST基因,其中11条基因属于Delta家族,10条属于Mu家族,2条属于Omega家族,6条属于Kappa家族,1条属于Zeta家族。基因表达差异分析发现,抗性与敏感品系当中有25条GST基因表达量存在差异,抗性品系中有9条GST基因发生了上调,16条发生了下调,其中上调倍数最高的是GSTd6[log2 Ratio(RS/SS)= 1.0505],由此推断,GST基因的上调可能不是柑橘全爪螨对噻螨酮产生抗性的重要原因。     

The efficacy of insecticides against the screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana)

A number of insecticides used for ectoparasite control in the livestock industry were screened for their efficacy against larvae of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, using in vivo and laboratory tests. Proprietary screw-worm fly treatments (after exposure to outdoor conditions for up to 10 days) were also tested against eggs and adults of C bezziana. Three of these were also evaluated on naturally acquired screw-worm infestations. Residual protection was generally of short duration. Among the organophosphorus compounds, the most effective formulations contained relatively high concentrations (3 to 4% al) of coumaphos, 2.5% fenchlorphos or low concentrations (0.05 to 0.5% al) of diazinon, chlorfenvinphos and fenthion methyl. Two chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides containing 3% lindane and 5% dieldrin were very effective but are now prohibited for use in Australia. Preparations had serious deficiencies when used under field conditions, especially for treating large, deepseated myiases for which systemic insecticides are recommended. A comparison of methods demonstrated that a laboratory test could supersede live animal experimentation, at least for the initial screening of potential insecticides.     

植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱控制效果的评价

植物源蒸馏油是一种新型植物油,本文探讨了植物源蒸馏油在害虫控制中的应用潜力。以矿物油乳剂为参照,以柑橘木虱为试虫,分析比较植物油蒸馏油的触杀和拒避作用。植物油和矿物油对柑橘木虱的卵、若虫和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,其中对若虫尤其低龄若虫的触杀作用最强,可达90%以上。两种油剂对雌虫产卵均有一定的拒避作用,拒避雌虫产卵维持约2 d。两种油剂对成虫寄主选择没有明显的拒避作用。总体上,植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱的触杀作用以及对成虫的拒避作用与矿物油相当。如果进一步改进该植物油的乳化效果,可替代矿物油乳剂应用于害虫防治中。     

The efficacy of ivermectin against larvae of the screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana)

An in vitro technique for screening systemic insecticides against larvae of the screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana is described. Susceptibilities of screw-worm larvae of different ages to ivermectin (MK-933) were determined. Based on 24 h larval mortality, the LD50 of 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-day larvae was 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.2 and 0.4 ppm of ivermectin. LD50 based on adult emergence following treatment of 4- and 5-day larvae was 0.02 and 0.05 ppm. The LD99.9 for 4-day larvae based on 24 h larval mortality and adult emergence was 11.0 and 0.15 ppm respectively and for 5-day larvae, was 44.3 and 0.4 ppm respectively. Pen and field trials with cattle infested with screw-worm fly demonstrated the potential of ivermectin as a systemic insecticide. Dosages of 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg, of ivermectin administered subcutaneously to experimentally infested cattle gave complete control for 6, 12 and 14 days respectively. Ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg caused 100% mortality of screw-worm larvae up to 2 days old at the time of treatment with 70, 64 and 21% mortality of 3-, 4- and 5-day old larvae at the time of treatment. The residual protection from a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg was 16 to 20 days. When bull calves were treated with ivermectin at a dose of 200 micrograms/kg at the time of castration and branding, none of the 77 treated animals sustained a screw-worm strike in the scrotal area compared with 47 strikes (44%) in the 106 control cattle.