丹江口市柑桔大实蝇防治措施及建议

文章就湖北省丹江口市近年来在柑桔大实蝇防治上的主要做法及取得的成效、存在的问题等进行了分析,并针对丹江口市柑桔大实蝇防治现状提出了合理化建议。     

湖北·宜昌夷陵严把“六关”防控柑桔大实蝇

正本刊讯5月13日,宜昌市夷陵区召开2016年度柑桔大实蝇暨农作物病虫害防治工作会议,动员全区上下统一思想、提高认识、强化责任,抓实抓好2016年柑桔大实蝇联防暨农作物病虫害防治工作。2016年夷陵区大实蝇联防目标为防控面积2.13万hm~2,重点联防面积8 666.67 hm~2,应防面积达到100%,专业联防面     

湖北·宜昌正式启动2015年柑桔大实蝇防控工作

<正>本刊讯(特约通讯员谢合平)为确保宜昌市柑桔生产安全,加快构建现代柑桔百亿产业体系,促进柑农增产增收,4月15日,该市农作物病虫草鼠害防治指挥部办公室向各县(市、区)农作物病虫草鼠害防治指挥部下发了《2015年宜昌市柑桔大实蝇防控工作方案》,标志着今年宜昌市柑桔大实蝇防控工作正式启动。柑桔     

湖北·秭归狠抓柑桔大实蝇的联防联控工作

正本刊讯5月16—20日,秭归县农作物病虫草鼠害防治指挥部组织专班对全县柑桔大实蝇的联防联控工作落实到位情况开展了督办检查。2016年秭归县委、县政府把柑桔大实蝇列为重大农作物病虫害,实行"政府领导牵头组织、农技部门负责抓落实,乡镇村户负责具体实施"的办法,强力推进柑桔大实蝇的联防联控工作。全县12个乡镇6 666.67 hm2的防控面积。其中重点防控     

柑桔大实蝇羽化监测技术

近年来,柑桔大实蝇在宜昌柑桔产区有为害范围扩大、为害程度加剧的趋势[1],防治工作也因此逐年加强。为准确掌握大实蝇羽化时期,降低防治成本,提高防治效果,夷陵、长阳等县市多年来对其开展羽化监测[1] [2] [3],但各地在监测技术上没有一个统一标准和操作规程。为规范大实蝇在宜昌产区的监测技术,达到提高监测效果的目的,笔者提出了夸区域联合监测理念,对监测点的选址、建池规格、信息发布、资料存档与共享等技术进行了初步阐述,以求得同仁者的补充和完善。     

柑橘大实蝇防治技术及其要点

本文综述了柑桔大实蝇农业防治、化学防治和物理防治等技术及要点。农业防治技术包括处理“三果”、 翻土灭蛹、高接换头、消灭混杂;化学防治技术包括糖醋毒液诱杀成虫、全园喷雾药杀成虫、地面封杀成虫;物理防治技术有释放辐照不育虫,二是频振灯诱杀 并分析了柑橘大实蝇防治失利的原因及进一步提高防治效果的研究方向。     

果瑞特果实蝇引诱剂对柑橘大实蝇的防治效果研究

2011年,在三峡库区兴山县“纽荷尔”脐橙上进行了果瑞特（柑橘果实蝇专用引诱剂）和常规药剂（糖醋酒液）防治柑橘大实蝇的对比研究。结果表明,果瑞特挂瓶处理对柑橘大实蝇成虫引诱效果明显高于常规糖醋酒液,且防治效果也明显高于糖醋酒液,可显著减少柑橘大实蝇为害柑橘果实,果瑞特诱捕数量和防治效果分别为糖醋酒液的2倍和1.6倍,且两种药剂喷施药效果均好于挂瓶处理。果瑞特在各柑橘产区试验后可用于防治柑橘果实大食蝇,生产安全、无公害和绿色柑橘果品。     

云南未发现枣实蝇

本刊讯(特约通讯员柏斌)根据《云南省林业有害生物防治检疫局关于开展枣实蝇普查的紧急通知》要求,云南省各地、州、市、县森防部门及时开展的枣实蝇普查工作基本结束。普查结果显示:全省范围内枣属植物未发现枣实蝇为害,集贸市场上流通的枣产品中也未发现携带枣实蝇幼虫及卵。     

湖北·宜昌召开柑桔大实蝇防控工作会

正本刊讯(特约通讯员谢合平)5月15日,宜昌市柑桔大实蝇防控工作会召开,安排部署今年宜昌市柑桔大实蝇防控工作。2016年,宜昌市认真开展各项防控工作,防控效果为2009年柑桔大实蝇改为非检疫对象以来最好的一年,全市平均虫果率0.312%,挽回柑桔损失28.49万t,价值8.67亿元。2017年,宜昌市柑桔大实蝇防控的总体目标是实现"两控制三达标",即     

华坪晚熟芒果实蝇的危害及综合防治技术

华坪县近年来果实蝇发生危害严重,已给芒果产业带来严重威胁。针对这一害虫,采取综合防治措施,有效控制了芒果实蝇的蔓延危害。该综合防治技术,从理论到实践,再从实践中不断摸索总结,形成了一套在亚热带干热河谷区,有效防治芒果实蝇的综合技术,为防治芒果实蝇提供参考。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein