一个水稻类病变黄叶突变体的鉴定和精细定位

从15000多个水稻转基因株系中发现了一个类病变黄叶突变体.该突变体最显著的特征为叶片由下而上依次黄化,同时出现类似病原体感染的病斑.根据突变体表型,将该突变体命名为syll(spotted and yellow leayes 1).遗传学分析表明,该突变性状受1对隐性核基因控制.PCR检测和潮霉索抗性分析显示.该突变...     

一个水稻卷叶基因rl(t)的精细定位

 叶片适度卷曲是水稻理想株型塑造的重要组成部分。卷叶基因rl(t)在杂合状态下可使叶片适度卷曲,增加水稻产量,具有较高的育种利用价值。以卷叶珍汕97B\[携带rl(t)基因\]与平展叶品种奇妙香（轮回亲本）杂交并回交的BC5F3和BC5F4为定位群体,在前人关于rl(t)的定位区间内设计了15对多态性分子标记,将rl(t)精细定位于第2染色体上分子标记P95053和P113.6之间的11 kb范围内,遗传间距约0.04 cM。区间内只包含1个释义基因,预测编码GL2类同源异型结构域,属于同源异型盒家族中的HD GL2类（也称为HD ZIP Ⅳ）转录因子。卷叶基因rl(t)的精细定位为克隆目标基因和研究其调控机理奠定了基础。     

水稻类病斑突变体lm8015-2的鉴定与基因的精细定位

[目的]为进一步解析水稻抗病分子机制,对类病斑突变体lm8015-2进行了鉴定.[方法]利用EMS诱变籼稻中恢8015,从其后代中鉴定出一个类病斑突变体lm8015-2.对突变体lm8015-2及其野生型的叶片进行超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量、光合色素含量...     

水稻类病斑突变体wy3的鉴定和基因定位

在粳稻品种武育粳3号栽培群体中获得一个类病斑突变体wy3。该突变体类病斑出现于苗期,分蘖期扩散至整张叶片,属于扩散型类病斑突变体。相比野生型,突变体wy3的株高明显降低,有效分蘖数减少,穗长、每穗粒数、结实率均显著降低。遮光处理表明,突变体wy3类病斑的产生受自然光诱导。台盼蓝染色结果表明,类病斑部位有大量的死亡细胞。突变体wy3的光合色素含量和净光合速率较野生型显著降低,SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量均显著高于野生型。遗传分析表明突变体表型受单隐性核基因控制,采用BSA将该基因初步定位在第2染色体短臂端粒附近。采用F2群体中1099株类病斑单株将基因定位在标记W2-17和W2-18之间28kb的物理距离内。测序结果表明,突变体wy3中的LOC_Os02g02000编码区(CDS)第375位碱基C缺失,导致翻译提前终止,突变体中该候选基因为OsHPL3的一个新等位基因。     

水稻窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)的基因定位

利用⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射诱变籼稻恢复系中恢8015,获得了一份窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)。与野生型中恢8015相比,突变体叶片显著变窄内卷、株高降低、穗长变短、结实率降低、千粒重降低、粒长粒宽减小。细胞学分析表明,突变体维管束减少和泡状细胞不够饱满是导致叶片变窄卷曲的原因。遗传分析表明该突变体受一对隐性核基因控制,以窄卷叶突变体Nrl3(t)与粳稻品种02428杂交获得的F₂分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和新开发的InDel标记,将窄卷叶基因Nrl3(t)定位于第2染色体长臂标记C9和C10E之间约70.3 kb区间内。研究结果为该基因的克隆及进一步揭示水稻窄卷叶形成的分子机理奠定了基础。     

一个水稻类病条纹斑突变体的鉴定和遗传定位

 粳稻品种嘉花1号经60Co γ射线辐射诱变后获得一个水稻类病斑突变体MR07, 暂命名为lms1。该突变体的病斑在全生育期均表现,属于扩散型类病斑突变体。生理和组织化学分析表明,该突变体在高温条件下（30℃）培养时只表现为白色条斑,低温条件下（20℃）培养时表现出细胞自主性死亡的坏死病斑。遗传分析表明,该突变体受1对隐性核基因控制。以lms1突变体与籼稻9311、培矮64S杂交的两个F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和Indel标记将该基因定位在第6染色体上,位于标记InDel1和MM0112-4之间,其物理距离为400 kb。     

一个水稻颖壳扭曲突变体的遗传分析与基因定位

 从水稻育种后代材料中获得1个颖壳扭曲突变体Osth (twisted hull)。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状由单核基因隐性突变造成。以突变体与颖壳正常籼稻R725杂交的F2群体为基因定位群体,利用SSR标记将突变位点定位在第2染色体上的SSR标记RM14128与RM208之间,遗传距离分别为1.4 cM 和2.7 cM。这些结果为该基因的精细定位和克隆以及研究水稻花发育的分子机理奠定了基础。     

一个水稻分蘖角度突变体tac2的遗传分析和基因初步定位

  水稻散生突变体tac2是以恢复系缙恢10号为材料经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）化学诱变所得。该突变体苗期表型正常,分蘖期株型松散,分蘖角度较野生型显著增大,株高明显降低。外源赤霉素处理可以使该突变体株高恢复,但分蘖角度不受影响。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1对隐性主效基因控制。利用分子标记将该基因初步定位于第9染色体上的RM3320与RM201之间,遗传距离分别为19.2和16.7 cM。     

水稻迟抽穗突变体dth9的遗传分析与基因定位

在EMS诱变的93-11突变体库中筛选到一个稳定遗传的迟抽穗突变体dth9(days to heading 9)。该突变体的抽穗期比野生型延长了50d左右,其他农艺性状基本无异。遗传分析表明迟抽穗性状受一个隐性核基因控制。以突变体dth9与日本晴和武运粳7号杂交构建的F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和新开发的8个InDel标记,将DTH9定位在第9染色体着丝粒附近D9-9和D9-17之间240kb的区间内,该区域尚未发现与抽穗期有关的基因。此外,实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,在突变体dth9中与抽穗期相关基因的表达量显著降低。     

一个新的水稻半矮化小穗突变体的遗传分析与基因定位

 从粳稻中花 11转基因后代中发现了一个半矮化小穗突变体,表现为植株半矮化、生长势弱、半包茎穗、穗型变小等特点,将其命名为sd sp2(semi dwarf and small panicle 2)。遗传分析显示,该突变体表型受1对隐性核基因控制。以sd sp2突变体为母本与龙特甫B杂交构建F2分离群体,将该基因定位在水稻第6染色体的RH6 32和RH6 40之间的116 kb的物理距离内。通过水稻基因组注释系统在此区域预测到14个开放阅读框,未发现与已报道穗型发育相关基因的同源基因。     

一个水稻叶片白化转绿叶突变体的遗传分析和精细定位

 在水稻品种宜香B中发现了一个白化转绿叶突变体,经过多代自交获得了稳定的白化转绿叶色突变体。该突变体在4叶期前叶色为黄绿色,之后逐渐变绿,从苗龄4周到12周,突变体/野生型叶绿素含量比值从34.5%逐渐升高到99.4%。遗传分析表明该突变受1对隐性核基因控制,暂命名为gra。利用微卫星标记将gra初步定位于第10染色体标记RM596和RM5620之间,进一步利用极端个体定位法把gra精细定位于标记RM25522和RM25535之间。gra基因距RM25522和RM25535标记的遗传距离均为0.05 cM, 其物理距离约为136 kb。     

Identification and Genetic Mapping of a Lesion Mimic Mutant in Rice

A lesion mimic stripe mutant,designated as lms1(lesion mimic stripe 1),was obtained from the M2 progeny of a 60Co γ-radiation treated japonica rice variety Jiahua 1.The lms1 mutant displayed propagation type lesions across the whole growth and developmental stages.Physiology and histochemistry analysis showed that the mutant exhibited a phenotype of white stripe when grown under high temperature(30 ℃),and the lesion mimic caused by programmed cell death under low temperature(20 ℃).The genetic analysis indicated that this lesion-mimic phenotype is controlled by a single locus recessive nuclear gene.Furthermore,by using simple sequence repeat markers and an F2 segregating population derived from two crosses of lms1 × 93-11 and lms1 × Pei'ai 64S,the lms1 gene was mapped between markers Indel1 and MM0112-4 with a physical distance of 400 kb on chromosome 6 in rice.     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Rice Tiller Angle Mutant tac2

Tiller angle, a very essential agronomic trait, is significant in rice breeding, especially in plant type breeding. A tiller angle controlling 2 (tac2) mutant was obtained from a restorer line Jinhui 10 by ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis. The tac2 mutant displayed normal phenotype at the seedling stage and the tiller angle significantly increased at the tillering stage. A preliminary physiological research indicated that the mutant was sensitive to GA. Thus, it is speculated that TAC2 and TAC1 might control the tiller angle in the same way. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by a major recessive gene and was located on chromosome 9 using SSR markers. The genetic distances between TAC2 and its nearest markers RM3320 and RM201 were 19.2 cM and 16.7 cM, respectively.     

水稻多分蘖矮秆突变体d63的遗传分析与基因定位

 多分蘖矮秆突变体d63来源于SARⅢ二倍体与明恢63杂交得到的双胚苗株系的自然突变。与野生型相比,其株高显著下降,分蘖明显增多,剑叶变细变短,结实率和千粒重均大幅下降。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受一对隐性单基因控制。该基因位于水稻第8染色体短臂上距离RM22195约0.4 cM的位置。用水稻基因组注释软件Rice Genome Annotation预测,发现从端粒区至RM22195间共有14 个注释基因,未发现已经报道的与株高、分蘖相关的同源基因。因此,推测D63可能是一个未被报道的新基因。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a Novel Chlorophyll-Deficit Mutant Gene in Rice

A rice etiolation mutant 824ys featured with chlorophyll deficiency was identified from a normal green rice variety 824B.It showed whole green-yellow plant from the seedling stage,reduced number of tillers and longer growth duration.The contents of chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of the mutant obviously decreased,as well as the number of spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight compared with its wild-type parent.Genetic analyses on F1 and F2 generetions of 824ys crossed with three normal green varieties showed that the chlorophyll-deficit mutant character was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene.Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was conducted by using microsatellite markers and F2 mapping population of 495R/824ys,and the mutant gene of 824ys was mapped on the shon arm of rice chromosome 3.The genetic distances from the target gene to the markers RM218,RM282 and RM6959 were 25.6 cM,5.2 cM and 21.8 cM,respectively.It was considered to be a now chlorophyll-deficit mutant gene and tentatively named as chl11(t).     

一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

从正常绿色水稻品种824B中发现1个黄化突变体824ys。该突变体具有叶绿素缺失突变特性,表现为植株黄绿色,分蘖数减少,生育期延长,总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量以及净光合速率比野生型亲本824B明显下降,每穗着粒数、结实率、千粒重等降低。对824ys与3个正常绿色品种杂交F1、F2的遗传分析表明,控制824ys的叶绿素缺失突变性状为1对隐性核基因。以495R/824ys F2作为定位群体,应用微卫星标记将824ys的叶绿素缺失突变基因定位于水稻第3染色体短臂,与RM218、RM282和RM6959等标记之间的遗传距离分别为25.6、 5.2和21.8 cM。认为该基因为一个新的水稻叶绿素缺失突变基因,暂命名为chl11(t)。