Sindbis virus: an efficient, broad host range vector for gene expression in animal cells

Sindbis virus, an enveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome, was engineered to express a bacterial protein, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), in cultured insect, avian, and mammalian cells. The vectors were self-replicating and gene expression was efficient and rapid; up to 10(8) CAT polypeptides were produced per infected cell in 16 to 20 hours. CAT expression could be made temperature-sensitive by means of a derivative that incorporated a temperature-sensitive mutation in viral RNA synthesis. Vector genomic RNAs were packaged into infectious particles when Sindbis helper virus was used to supply virion structural proteins. The vector RNAs were stable to at least seven cycles of infection. The expression of CAT increased about 10(3)-fold, despite a 10(15)-fold dilution during the passaging. Sindbis virus vectors should prove useful for expressing large quantities of gene products in a variety of animal cells.     

Cloning of strawberry FaEtr2 gene and its plant expression vector construction for antisense RNA

An ethylene receptor FaEtr2 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from ripening strawberry fruit. A 1049-bp PCR product (All Star-Etr2) was cloned. Sequence analysis showed that the All Star-Etr2 nucleotide sequence had 100% identity with Chandler-Etr2 from the GenBank. A pair of primers containing restriction enzyme sites were designed and used to amplify the sequenced plasmid. The PCR product was digested by the corresponding restricted enzymes and inserted between the CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator of expression vector pBI121 directionally. The constructed expression vector was transformed into Agrobacterium fumefeciens LBA4404 in the follow-up research to silence a ripening-related ethylene receptor FaEtr2 gene in strawberry fruits.     

Chloride methylation by plant pectin: an efficient environmentally significant process

Atmospheric chloromethane (CH3Cl) plays an important role in stratospheric ozone destruction, but many uncertainties exist regarding the strengths of its sources and sinks and particularly regarding the processes generating this naturally occurring gas. Evidence is presented here that CH3Cl is produced in many terrestrial environments by a common mechanism. Abiotic conversion of chloride to CH3Cl occurs readily in plant material, with the widespread plant component pectin acting as a methyl donor. Significant CH3Cl emissions from senescent and dead leaves were observed at ambient temperatures; those emissions rose dramatically when temperatures increased. This ubiquitous process acting in terrestrial ecosystems and during biomass burning could contribute the bulk of atmospheric CH3Cl.     

RNA干扰抑制猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒N基因表达及病毒复制

根据siRNA设计原则,选取了PRRSV N基因上的保守序列作为可能的干扰位点,设计、合成了3个siRNAs,分别将其克隆到pSIREN-Shuttle中,获得3个siRNA重组表达质粒:pShuttle-NI,pShuttle-N2和pShuttle-N3.将siRNA重组表达质粒与融合表达质粒pEGFP-ORF7共...     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因植物表达载体的构建

以含传染性支气管炎病毒（ZJ971毒株）S1基因的质粒PBS为模板,根据其序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到1.7kb左右的S1基因产物；用XbalI和BamHI酶切纯化，并在T4DNA连接酶的作用下，定向克隆到植物表达载体PBI121中,PCR及酶切鉴定表明，质粒经三亲交配已导入根癌农杆菌中。     

Transient and stable expression of the firefly luciferase gene in plant cells and transgenic plants

The luciferase gene from the firefly, Photinus pyralis, was used as a reporter of gene expression by light production in transfected plant cells and transgenic plants. A complementary DNA clone of the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a plant virus promoter (cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter) was introduced into plant protoplast cells (Daucus carota) by electroporation and into plants (Nicotiana tabacum) by use of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmid. Extracts from electroporated cells (24 hours after the introduction of DNA) and from transgenic plants produce light when mixed with the substrates luciferin and adenosine triphosphate. Light produced by the action of luciferase was also detected in undisrupted leaves or cells in culture from transgenic plants incubated in luciferin and in whole transgenic plants "watered" with luciferin. Although light was detected in most organs in intact, transgenic plants (leaves, stems, and roots), the pattern of luminescence appeared to reflect both the organ-specific distribution of luciferase and the pathway for uptake of luciferin through the vasculature of the plant.     

犬瘟热病毒基因疫苗表达载体构建及在真核细胞中的表达

利用pCI载体构建了犬瘟热病毒基因疫苗表达载体质粒pCIF和pCIN,通过脂质体介导法将这两种真核表达质粒分别转染MDCK细胞,用RT-PCR法进行转录水平的检测,并用间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白是否表达。结果表明,真核表达质粒pCIF和pCIN已被成功构建,这两种重组质粒转染MDCK细胞72h后就可检测到目的基因的转录和两种目的蛋白的表达,表达的蛋白均能与抗CDV抗体发生特异性的抗原抗体反应。这为研究预防犬瘟热的基因疫苗奠定了良好的基础。     

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)及其基因研究进展

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)是广泛存在于植物细胞壁上的一种重要结构蛋白,GRP基因的表达具有组织特异性并受发育阶段特异性及多种环境因素的调控.GRP基因的研究为植物基因的表达调控研究提供了一个良好的模式.植物GRP根据其结构主要可分为两大类:一类具有信号肽序列,一类具有RNA结合序列.文章主要介绍GRP序列和结构特征、表达调控、细胞定位及对其功能的预测分析.     

一个植物原纤维蛋白基因的克隆及其表达特性分析

植物原纤维蛋白(fibrillin, FBN)作为一大类保守的蛋白,广泛分布于植物界,但其在本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)中的生物学特性和功能迄今尚不清楚。为了分析其表达特性和功能,采用RT-PCR技术从本氏烟中扩增并克隆了1个FBN基因(NbFBN)。进化树分析显示,NbFBN和拟南芥FBN1a、FBN1b的亲缘关系较近;同源分析表明,它与不同植物来源的FBN基因高度同源,其C-端部分尤为保守。定量分析发现,NbPAP在叶片和花中的表达水平较高,同时发现该基因受到干旱胁迫和激素ABA的诱导,表明该基因可能参与非生物逆境响应过程。     

RNAi技术对人脑微血管内皮细胞ANXA2基因表达水平的影响

目的 研究RNAi技术对人脑微血管内皮细胞(Human brain microvascular cells,HBMEC)ANXA2基因表达水平的影响.方法 将化学合成三对siRNA采用riboFECTTM CP转染试剂介导法转染HBMEC,应用荧光定量PCR法检测RNA干扰后ANXA2 mRNA表达量,得出抑制率.应用Westem-blot检测RNA干扰后对ANXA2蛋白表达的影响.结果 成功将siRNA转染HBMEC,荧光定量PCR吉果显示,在转染24 h后,各干扰组与阴性组比较ANXA2基因表达量明显下调(P＜0.01),Western-blot显示siRNA-ANXA2-2、siRNA-ANXA2-3转染前后ANXA2蛋白的表达水平明显受到抑制.结论 合成的ANXA2 siRNA能有效抑制ANXA2蛋白的表达、降低ANXA2 mRNA水平,对ANXA2有高效和特异的沉默作用,以ANXA2为靶点的RNA干扰技术可望成为鉴定HBMEC有关EV71膜受体的新策略.     

葡萄扇叶病毒外壳蛋白基因克隆和植物表达载体的构建

用RT-PCR法从葡萄扇叶病毒杭州分离物(GFLV-H)基因组RNA中扩增了该病毒分离物的外壳蛋白基因cDNA片段,并克隆到质粒pGEM-T-easy Vector.序列分析结果表明,该基因含有1515个核苷酸,编码504个氨基酸,其核苷酸和推导的氨基酸与GFLV法国分离物F13的同源性分别为88%和95%.目前该基因已成功地克隆到植物表达载体pBI121,经三亲交配导入到根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404中.     

茶树Mn-SOD基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增茶树嫩叶锰超氧化物歧化酶基因,并与原核表达载体pET22b( )连接,构建重组质粒pET/msod,将该质粒转化至大肠杆菌Escherichia coliBL21(DE3),获得转基因工程菌BL21-pET/msod。在1 mmol.L-1异丙基硫代-β-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导下,重组蛋白得到高效表达,酶活性可达2×105U.L-1。SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白分子量为25 kD,与通过核苷酸推测的分子量一致。     

缺失GDD保守区的黄瓜花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆及植物表达载体构建

以CMV亚组1株系Fny-CMV RNA2基因组为模板,根据其序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到2.5 kb的全长复制酶基因扩增产物.对此产物进行纯化,并用NcoI和BspHI进行双酶切,得到3个片段,将不含有GDD保守区的2个片段用T4 DNA连接酶连接,并对连接产物进行PCR扩增,得到2.2kb左右缺失GDD保守区的黄瓜花叶病毒复制酶基因的扩增产物.将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector上,进行序列测定,结果表明GDD保守区确已缺失.该缺失不导致开放阅读框架的移码将缺失GID保守区的基因定向克隆到植物表达载体pBI121中,并经三亲交配导入根癌农杆菌中,经PCR及酶切鉴定,证实质粒已被导入.     

茶树甲羟戊酸激酶基因CsMVK克隆及表达特性分析

[目的]克隆茶树甲羟戊酸激酶基因(CsMVK),分析其生物学信息及在不同组织及乌龙茶做青过程中的表达特性,为研究茶叶加工过程中香气形成机制提供参考.[方法]RT-PCR扩增CsMVK基因,应用生物信息学软件对其编码蛋白(CsMVK)的氨基酸序列进行预测分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)分析CsMVK在茶树不同组织及乌龙茶做青过程中的表达特性.[结果]克隆获得的CsMVK基因(GenBank登录号MF668187)全长1455 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长度为1164 bp,编码387个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量41.18 kD,理论等电点(pI)5.88.CsMVK蛋白具有GHMP_kinases_N domain和GHMP_kinases_C domain 2个功能结构域,定位于细胞质中,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽.系统发育进化树分析结果显示,CsMVK与三七、常春藤的MVK聚为一类,表明茶树与三七、常春藤的亲缘关系最近.qPCR检测结果显示,CsMVK基因在果实中的表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05,下同),在不同组织中的表达量排序为:果实>根>叶>茎>花;在乌龙茶做青过程中,从鲜叶到晒青叶,CsMVK基因的表达量上升,晒青到一摇过程中表达量下降,经过3次摇青,其表达量持续升高并在杀青前达最大值,与其他做青阶段差异显著.[结论]CsMVK基因表达与茶叶香气品质形成有关.     

The sor gene of HIV-1 is required for efficient virus transmission in vitro

The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 contains at least eight genes, of which three (sor, R, and 3' orf) have no known function. In this study, the role of the sor gene was examined by constructing a series of proviral genomes of HIV-1 that either lacked the coding sequences for sor or contained point mutations in sor. Analysis of four such mutants revealed that although each clone could generate morphologically normal virus particles upon transfection, the mutant viruses were limited in their capacity to establish stable infection. Virus derived from transfection of Cos-1 cells (OKT4-) with sor mutant proviral DNA's was resistant to transmission to OKT4+ "susceptible" cells under cell-free conditions, and was transmitted poorly by coculture. In contrast, virus derived from clones with an intact sor frame was readily propagated by either approach. Normal amounts of gag-, env-, and pol-derived proteins were produced by all four mutants and assays in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells indicated that their trans-activating capacity was intact and comparable with wild type. Thus the sor gene, although not absolutely required in HIV virion formation, influences virus transmission in vitro and is crucial in the efficient generation of infectious virus. The data also suggest that sor influences virus replication at a novel, post-translational stage and that its action is independent of the regulatory genes tat and trs.     

Antisense RNA inactivation of myosin heavy chain gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum

The role of myosin in the contraction of striated muscle cells is well known, but its importance in nonmuscle cells is not yet clear. The function of myosin in Dictyostelium discoideum has been investigated by isolating cells which specifically lack myosin heavy chain (MHC A) protein. Cells were transformed with a vector encoding RNA complementary to mhcA messenger RNA (antisense RNA). Stable transformants have a dramatic reduction in the amount of MHC A protein, grow slowly, and generate giant multinucleated progeny, indicating an impairment in cytokinesis. Surprisingly, the cells adhere to surfaces, extend pseudopods and are capable of ameboid locomotion. The developmental sequence that is initiated by starving cells is severely impaired by the lack of myosin. The cells are unable to form multicellular aggregates normally and do not undergo subsequent morphogenesis. By changing the food source from liquid medium to bacteria, expression of the endogenous mhcA messenger RNA can be increased relative to expression of antisense RNA. When grown in this way, the transformed cells accumulate MHC A protein, remain mononucleate, and proceed through development normally.     

cDNA-AFLP技术在植物抗逆性相关基因表达研究中的应用

cDNA-AFLP技术是以mRNA反转录的cDNA为模板进行AFLP分析,在保留AFLP多态性丰富、稳定性高、无需了解序列信息等优点的同时,集中显示了基因组表达序列的多态性差异,可对生物体转录组进行全面、系统的分析,并已成功地用于基因差异显示、表达基因遗传连锁作图和基因克隆等方面。文章综述了cDNA-AFLP在植物抗逆性相关基因表达特性分析及基因分离方面的应用。     

GPMV HN基因于禽痘病毒载体中的构建与表达

本研究利用基因重组技术构建含有鹅副粘病毒主要保护性抗原基因-HN基因和报告基因-LacZ基因的重组禽痘病毒转移载体;利用脂质体介导的方法将所构建的转移载体与禽痘病毒FPV-017共感染鸡胚成纤维(Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts,CEF)细胞,通过蓝白筛选获得重组病毒;间接免疫荧光试验结果显示重组禽痘病毒中HN基因在CEF细胞中获得表达,并且表达产物具有良好的反应原性;为进一步的重组禽痘病毒的免疫保护性的研究奠定基础。