樟子松苗木沙培试验施肥效应

通过采用正交施肥设计在温室进行沙培试验,并作田间施肥试验,建立樟子松S1-1苗木根干重、新梢干重和全干重与N、P的函数方程,并通过该方程求出适宜施肥量:N为0.67g/L,P为0.04g/L。     

长白落叶松苗木施肥效应函数模型

通过对长白落叶松S1-1苗木的正交施肥试验,建立了苗高与N肥,新梢与N肥,新梢干重与N、P和全苗干重与N、P的施肥效应函数模型。通过该模型可以计算出不同施肥量下的长白落叶松苗木生物量。最后确定长白落叶松S1-1苗木的最适的施肥量:N为0.16～0.22g/株,P为0.01～0.04g/株。     

芳香樟油用原料林配方施肥优化试验

芳香樟油用原料林施肥是提高地上部分生物量的重要技术。采用L 9(34)正交试验设计,开展N、P、K因素不同配方施肥对芳香樟油用原料林地上部分生物量的影响试验。结果表明:不同配方施肥效果不同;N、P、K三因素中,影响力依次为N>P>K因素,最优化组合为N2P2K1处理,即以尿素107 g/株、过磷酸钙416.7 g/株,硫酸钾50 g/株进行施肥效果最好。     

皮胎果叶营养水平及营养诊断初探

为探讨测土配方施肥对皮胎果(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim)叶片中矿质元素(N、P、K、Mg、B)的影响,田间采用了L16(45)正交试验设计。结果表明,施肥能明显增加叶片中N、P含量,叶片中N、P、K、Mg、B含量最高的水平组合分别为N4P1K1B3、N1P4K1B3、N4P1K1B3、N3P2K3B4、N1P4K3B3,其含量依次达到1.98g/100g、0.82g/100g、1.64g/100g、134.5mg/100g、198mg/kg。本试验中,N3P3K1B2施肥组合最佳,叶片中N、P适量,K过量,B高于适量,Mg严重不足。     

乐东拟单性木兰幼林营养需求特性研究

按正交表L9(34)排列的N、P、K三因素三水平的施肥试验表明:乐东拟单性木兰幼林对肥料反应相当敏感,正交试验9个处理中,以N1P1K1为对照,N1P2K2、N1P3K3、N2P1K2、N2P2K3、N2P3K1、N3P1K3、N3P2K1、N3P3K28个处理使得树高生长增加了7.1%～35.7%,胸径生长增加了9.6%～51.4%,施肥效果最好的处理是N2P3K1,即50g/株尿素、200g/株钙镁磷肥;营养元素N、P、K三要素中,P是主要因子,其次是N,最后是K;乐东拟单性木兰幼林应多施磷肥,但从经济性考虑100g/株钙镁磷肥已足够;同时应施少量的氮肥,即50g/株尿素;不必施钾肥。     

爪哇木棉苗木对不同配比肥料的生长响应

以1 a生爪哇木棉营养袋播种苗为研究对象,采用L25(53)正交试验设计,研究不同施肥配比对爪哇木棉苗期生长的影响.结果表明:爪哇木棉苗木高生长最优肥料配比组合为N3P5K2,地径生长最优组合为N2P4K5,主根长最高为N2P4K5,而I级侧根数最高为N3P5K2;通过4个生长指标主成分分析及标准化计算,确定最优施肥组合为N2P5K1,即尿素肥10.87 g/m2+过磷酸钙肥388.89 g/m2+硫酸钾肥0 g/m2.苗期施肥有利于幼苗的生长,能够有效促进侧根伸长和数量的增加,从促进苗木质量及经济价值考虑,爪哇木棉苗期施肥效益显著.     

施肥对沙棘幼苗生长及净光合速率的影响

为了研究沙棘幼苗对 N、P、K 元素的需求规律，探索合适施肥技术，采用温室盆栽的方法，以 N、P、K 3种元素施用量为研究对象，采用正交设计 L16（45）对1年生沙棘扦插苗进行施肥试验。结果表明：N、P、K 肥配施处理对沙棘幼苗各项生长指标和净光合速率有极显著影响，以 N 肥影响最大，P 和 K 肥影响次之，适宜施肥配方为 N （5.0 g/株）＋ P（1.0 g/株）＋ K（3.0 g/株）；净光合速率与生长指标呈极显著的正相关关系，相关系数都在0.80以上；该研究对沙棘幼苗的合理施肥具有理论和实际指导意义。     

不同施肥配比对罗汉松幼苗生长的影响

以2年生罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus)幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法研究不同的施肥处理(氮、磷、钾肥不同配比)对罗汉松幼苗株高、地径、干重的影响,以期为园林引种栽培育苗施肥管理提供理论参考。结果表明:不同的氮、磷、钾肥施肥配比对罗汉松幼苗的株高、地径、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、总干重均产生明显促进作用,其中最佳施肥配比为氮肥2.28 g/株,磷肥9.0 g/株,钾肥0.5 g/株,即表明氮、磷、钾最佳施肥配比为2∶3∶1。     

配方施肥对枸杞品质及产量的影响

为了解大量元素肥及微量元素肥对枸杞外观品质及产量的影响,采用正交试验设计L16(43×24),选用大量元素肥N、P、K和微量元素肥Fe、Zn、Mo、B,对3年生枸杞(宁杞1号)进行大田配方施肥试验,测定其果实大小、百粒质量及产量指标,以确定枸杞的最佳施肥配方。结果表明:不同的配方施肥组合的果实大小、百粒质量及产量均比CK增加,其最大值分别比CK增加了18.08%、38.42%、80.83%,最佳施肥水平组合为N3P2K3Fe1Zn2Mo1B1。即大量元素肥料的施肥量为:尿素217 g/株、过磷酸钙417 g/株、硫酸钾313 g/株,微量元素肥料以施入Zn肥10 g/株为好。     

N、P、K配比施肥对高阿丁枫苗期生长的影响

采用正交设计设置N、P、K 3因素3水平的施肥试验,分析N、P、K配比施肥对高阿丁枫苗期生长的影响。结果表明,P素对高阿丁枫苗期生长影响最大,其次为N素,而K素的影响相对较小。不同水平的N、P、K配比施肥对试验苗有不同的影响,最适合高阿丁枫苗期生长的施肥处理是N1P1K1,即氮肥1.25g·株-1、磷肥5g·株-1、钾肥1.25g·株-1。     

Family variation in gas exchange, growth and leaf traits of black locust half-sib families

Variations in several growth, gas exchange and leaf traits among greenhouse-grown black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings from 11 half-sib families were investigated. Three weeks after germination, early growth rates ranged from a minimum of 1 cm d(-1) in the slowest growing family, to a maximum of 3 cm d(-1) in the fastest growing family. Significant family variation in net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (P(N)), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, height, diameter, stem dry weight and total dry weight was observed. Net photosynthetic rate declined with seedling age. Net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was significantly correlated (r < 0.4) with specific leaf area, total chlorophyll, root dry weight, foliage dry weight and total dry weight. The correlation coefficients were higher (r >/= 0.55) between P(N) x total leaf area and growth traits (height, stem dry weight, foliage dry weight and total dry weight). The study indicated that variation in leaf area among the families was one reason for the lack of a strong relationship between P(N) and growth.     

Nutrient contents and concentrations in relation to growth of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica along a European transect

Mineral nutrition of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was investigated along a transect extending from northern Sweden to central Italy. Nitrogen (N) concentrations of needles and leaves in stands growing on acid soils did not differ significantly between central Italy and southern Sweden (1.0 +/- 0.1 mmol N g(-1) for needles and 1.9 +/- 0.14 mmol N g(-1) for leaves). In both species, foliar N concentrations were highest in Germany (1.2 mmol N g(-1) for needles and 2.0 mmol N g(-1) for leaves) and decreased by 50% toward northern Sweden (0.5 mmol N g(-1)). Both species showed constant S/N and P/N ratios along the transect. Calcium, K and Mg concentrations generally reflected local soil conditions; however, Mg concentrations reached deficiency values in Germany. Leaf area per unit dry weight varied significantly along the transect with lowest values for Norway spruce recorded in northern Sweden and Italy (3.4 m(2) kg(-1)) and a maximum in central Europe (4.7 m(2) kg(-1)). A similar pattern was observed for beech. Despite the low variation in foliar N concentrations on the large geographic scale, local and regional variations in N concentrations equalled or exceeded the variation along the entire continental transect. Furthermore, nutrient contents (i.e., nutrient concentration x dry weight per needle or leaf) showed a greater variation than nutrient concentrations along the transect. Nitrogen contents of Norway spruce needles reached minimum values in northern Sweden (2.4 micro mol N needle(-1)) and maximum values in Denmark (5.0 micro mol N needle(-1)). The N content of beech leaves was highest in Denmark (242 micro mol N leaf(-1)). At the German site, foliar N content rather than N concentration reflected the seasonal dynamics of foliar growth and N storage of the two species. During foliage expansion, there was an initial rapid increase in N content and a decrease in N concentration. This pattern lasted for about 2 weeks after bud break and was followed by 6 weeks during which dry weight and N content of the foliage increased, resulting in a further decrease in N concentration. During summer, dry weight and N content of mature needles of Norway spruce increased further to reach a maximum in autumn, whereas N concentration remained constant. In spring, reallocation of N from 1- and 2-year-old needles was 1.5 and 1.0 micro mol N needle(-1), respectively. This remobilized N was a major source of N for the development of new needles, which had an N content of 1.5 micro mol N needle(-1) after bud break. The seasonal remobilization of N from old foliage decreased with increasing needle age. Needle N content and dry weight decreased progressively with age (1 micro mol N needle(-1) between age classes 2 and 5), whereas N concentrations remained constant. For Norway spruce, annual stemwood production was correlated with needle N content but not with foliar N concentration or with the total amount of N in the canopy. Interspecific and geographical differences in plant nutrition are discussed on the basis of competitive demands for C and N between growth of foliage and wood.     

Nutrient retranslocation within the foliage of Pinus sylvestris

During the period 1983-1987, retranslocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B and Al within the foliage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in sapling, pole-stage and mature stands in eastern Finland. Needle concentrations of the mobile nutrients N, P, and K varied seasonally because of retranslocation. In unfertilized plots, needle contents of N, P and K decreased 62-92% during senescence and needle dry weight decreased 19-51%. In some years, needle contents of Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, B and Al increased during senescence. Retranslocation was more efficient from needles with greater dry weight. In the fertilized, pole-stage stand, needle dry weight did not decrease at senescence four years after fertilization and nutrient content decreased less than in the other years. In the mature stand, there were no clear differences in needle dry weight and nutrient changes during senescence between years or between unfertilized and fertilized plots.     

Response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to some different fertilizers applied at planting

Four fertilization at planting experiments were conducted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on eastern Vancouver Island. In experiment 1 Agriform (20-10-5, AGR) and Osmocote (17-7-12, OSM) supplied N at 0, 4.2, 8.4, 16.8 or 33.6 g/tree either broadcast, within 15 cm of the tree, or in a hole 15 cm from the tree (adjacent). In experiment 2 AGR, diammonium phosphate (21-55-0, DAP), ammonium sulphate (21-0-0, AMS), sulphur coated urea (35-0-0, SCU) supplied N at 0, 8.4, 16.8 and 25.2 g/tree. Triple superphosphate (0-45-0, TSP) supplied P at the same levels as DAP: 0, 9.6, 19.2 and 28.8 g/tree. In experiment 3 AGR and SCU (32-0-0) supplied N at 0, 8.4 and 16.8 g/tree. In experiment 4 DAP was used to fertilize trees on five different dates, between March and October, and each treatment supplied 16 g N/tree. Two-year old, bare root, planting stock was used except in experiment 3, where container stock was compared with bare root stock.Little growth response was obtained after one year, but height growth responses of 12 to 31% were measured after 3 to 6 years with fertilizers supply 8.4 to 16.8 g N per tree. Growth responses were little affected by the type of fertilizer and were primarily due to N, with release rate having no marked effect. The exception to this was TSP which did not increase growth but did increase survival. Survival was reduced by AMS and to a lesser extent by AGR. Container seedlings responded more to fertilization at planting than bare root seedlings.Seedling N, P and K concentrations and contents declined following planting for 6 months and only started to recover after July. Application of fertilizer caused a small increase in seedling nutrient concentration regardless of date, but this had no detectable effect on dry weight measured six weeks later.     

用土壤养分系统研究法评价杨树人工林土壤养分状况

A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach(SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P,K, Zn), -N(P, K, Zn), -P(N, K, Zn), -K(N, P, Zn), Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), -Zn (N,P,K), 2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), 2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N 2P 2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar.The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform perfectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.     

桉树营养状况与叶片营养诊断研究

本文研究了雷林１号桉、尾叶桉和柠檬桉一年和三年生植株养分浓度及养分积累量；叶片营养诊断的采样时间、诊断方法，并用临界值法和系统综合诊断法诊断桉树施肥“中试”区的营养状况。     

硒处理对四叶参氮磷钾吸收积累的影响

采用营养液培养和盆栽方式,研究硒处理对四叶参氮磷钾吸收积累的影响。结果表明,硒对四叶参幼苗、成株的氮磷钾吸收和干物质积累影响不同。在0～1.5mg/kg范围内,随硒处理浓度增加,四叶参幼苗干物质和氮磷钾积累量逐渐增加,以1.5mg/L处理最佳,2.0mg/kg硒处理四叶参幼苗干物质积累与对照差异不显著;盆栽条件下一年生四叶参植株则在1.0mg/kg处理最佳,2.0mg/kg硒处理四叶参生长过程中逐渐死亡。表明不同栽培方式影响硒对四叶参氮磷钾吸收和干物质积累,盆栽以1.0mg/kg硒处理最佳。