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1.
Mohammad Shafi Jehan Bakht Mohammad Tariq Jan Zahir Shah 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,94(2):520-529
This paper presents the results of irrigated rotation experiment, conducted in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, during 1999–2002 to evaluate effects of residues retention, fertilizer N and legumes in crop rotation on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soil organic fertility. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) were grown in the winters and mungbean (Vigna radiata) and maize in the summers. Immediately after grain harvest, above-ground residues of all crops were either completely removed (−residue), or spread across the plots and incorporated by chisel plough by disc harrow and rotavator (+residue). Fertlizer N rates were nil or 120 kg ha−1 for wheat and nil or 160 kg ha−1 for maize. Our results indicated that post-harvest incorporation of crop residues significantly (p < 0.05) increased the grain and stover yields of maize during both 2000 and 2001. On average, grain yield was increased by 23.7% and stover yield by 26.7% due to residue incorporation. Residue retention also enhanced N uptake by 28.3% in grain and 45.1% in stover of maize. The soil N fertility was improved by 29.2% due to residue retention. The maize grain and stover yields also responded significantly to the previous legume (chickpea) compared with the previous cereal (wheat) treatment. The legume treatment boosted grain yield of maize by 112% and stover yield by 133% with 64.4% increase in soil N fertility. Similarly, fertilizer N applied to previous wheat showed considerable carry over effect on grain (8.9%) and stover (40.7%) yields of the following maize. Application of fertilizer N to current maize substantially increased grain yield of maize by 110%, stover yield by 167% and soil N fertility by 9.8% over the nil N fertilizer treatment. We concluded from these experiments that returning of crop residues, application of fertilizer N and involvement of legumes in crop rotation greatly improves the N economy of the cropping systems and enhances crop productivity through additional N and other benefits in low N soils. The farmers who traditionally remove residues for fodder and fuel will require demonstration of the relative benefits of residues return to soil for sustainable crop productivity. 相似文献
2.
Jehan Bakht Mohammad Shafi Mohammad Tariq Jan Zahir Shah 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,104(2):233-240
Management of N is the key for sustainable and profitable wheat production in a low N soil. We report results of irrigated crop rotation experiment, conducted in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, during 1999–2002 to evaluate effects of residue retention, fertilizer N application and mung bean (Vigna radiata) on crop and N yields of wheat and soil organic fertility in a mung bean–wheat sequence. Treatments were (a) crop residue retained (+residue) or (b) removed (−residue), (c) 120 kg N ha−1 applied to wheat, (d) 160 kg N ha−1 to maize or (e) no nitrogen applied. The cropping system was rotation of wheat with maize or wheat with mung bean. The experiment was laid out in a spit plot design. Postharvest incorporation of crop residues significantly (p < 0.05) increased the grain and straw yields of wheat during both years. On average, crop residues incorporation increased the wheat grain yield by 1.31 times and straw yield by 1.39 times. The wheat crop also responded strongly to the previous legume (mung bean) in terms of enhanced grain yield by 2.09 times and straw yield by 2.16 times over the previous cereal (maize) treatment. Application of fertilizer N to previous maize exerted strong carry over effect on grain (1.32 times) and straw yield (1.38 times) of the following wheat. Application of N fertilizer to current wheat produced on average 1.59 times more grain and 1.77 times more straw yield over the 0 N kg ha−1 treatment. The N uptake in wheat grain and straw was increased 1.31 and 1.64 times by residues treatment, 2.08 and 2.49 times by mung bean and 1.71 and 1.86 times by fertilizer N applied to wheat, respectively. The soil mineral N was increased 1.23 times by residues, 1.34 times by mung bean and 2.49 times by the application of fertilizer N to wheat. Similarly, the soil organic C was increased 1.04-fold by residues, 1.08 times by mung bean and 1.00 times by the application of fertilizer N. We concluded that retention of residues, application of fertilizer N and involvement of legumes in crop rotation greatly improves the N economy of the cropping system and enhances crop productivity in low N soils. 相似文献
3.
Effect of cropping systems on nitrogen mineralization in soils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Understanding the effect of cropping systems on N mineralization in soils is crucial for a better assessment of N fertilizer
requirements of crops in order to minimize nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater resources. The effects of crop
rotations and N fertilization on N mineralization were studied in soils from two long-term field experiments at the Northeast
Research Center and the Clarion-Webster Research Center in Iowa that were initiated in 1979 and 1954, respectively. Surface
soil samples were taken in 1996 from plots of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), oats (Avena sativa L.), or meadow (alfalfa) (Medicago sativa L.) that had received 0 or 180 kg N ha–1 before corn and an annual application of 20 kg P and 56 kg K ha–1. N mineralization was studied in leaching columns under aerobic conditions at 30 °C for 24 weeks. The results showed that
N mineralization was affected by cover crop at the time of sampling. Continuous soybean decreased, whereas inclusion of meadow
increased, the amount of cumulative N mineralized. The mineralizable N pool (N
o) varied considerably among the soil samples studied, ranging from 137 mg N kg–1 soil under continuous soybean to >500 mg N kg–1 soil under meadow-based rotations, sampled in meadow. The results suggest that the N
o and/or organic N in soils under meadow-based cropping systems contained a higher proportion of active N fractions.
Received: 10 February 1999 相似文献
4.
Annemie Van Den Bossche Sara De Bolle Stefaan De Neve Georges Hofman 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,103(2):316
To evaluate the effect of tillage intensity on the N mineralization pattern of winter wheat residues, sugar beet residues, Italian ryegrass and maize residues undisturbed soil samples were taken from six sites under different tillage management. Site NTK had been managed for 10 years under reduced tillage (RT), whereby the last 4 years the crops were sown using direct seeding (NT). Site RTCSE had been managed for 20 years under reduced tillage (RT) and site RTH for 3 years. For each site under RT a nearby site under conventional tillage (CT) was selected (CTK, CTCSE and CTH). On site NTK and site RTCSE a significantly higher amount of SOC in the 0–10 cm was accumulated compared to the respective CT sites. Between site RTH and site CTH no such significant difference was found. However, the content of microbial biomass C (MB-C) and the β-glucosidase and urease activities were higher on all RT sites compared to the respective CT sites. This indicates that these microbiological and biochemical parameters seem to be very sensitive for alterations in management intensity. After 98 days, more N was immobilized under NTK than under CTK by adding winter wheat residues (expressed as kg ha−1 and as % of total added N). This higher immobilization potential can be explained by a higher microbial activity and a change in microbial population. Under RTCSE and RTH net N immobilization of the winter wheat residues was found, but the pattern was less pronounced than for NTK. However, when expressed as % of total N added, N immobilization of winter wheat residues was higher under CT than under RT, which indicates that high C:N residues when incorporated, decompose more slowly under RT than under CT. Similar results were found comparing the N mineralization pattern of maize residues under RTH and CTH. The residues of sugar beet and Italian ryegrass at site CTH released N more rapidly and to a higher extent, 74.1% and 66.2%, respectively (expressed as % of total N added) than under RTH at the end of the incubation. The slower mineralization of N rich crop residues under RT compared to CT means that there is less potential risk for nitrate leaching to occur, which may result in a higher N efficiency in RT compared to CT. 相似文献
5.
玉米-花生混作对系统内氮营养的影响研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
试验研究玉米-花生混作对系统内N营养的影响结果表明,种植密度花生∶玉米=5∶3混作对玉米、花生单株生物量、植株全N及单株吸N量均无明显影响,但显著降低混作花生根际土壤NO3--N浓度,同时显著增加混作花生根瘤数,提高单株根瘤固N酶活性。 相似文献
6.
Conservation crop residue management increases soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, nutrient cycling and availability and improves soil quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of residue biomass, residue carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, residue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and residue N fertilizer deficit (supplemental N fertilizer requirement) from crop residue decomposition in long-term no-till production. Aboveground aged and fresh residues were collected in spring 2011 and fall 2012, respectively. Results showed slightly greater residue dry matter weight in aged residue than fresh residue. C:N ratios were wider in fresh residue than the aged residue. Both aged and fresh residue also showed wider C:N ratio in the corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation (66.6 and 64.4, respectively) and narrower C:N ratio in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) (45.6 and 35.7, respectively). Individual fresh crop residues showed narrower C:N ratios for legume and cover crops than non-legume crops. Analysis of potential supplemental N fertilizer requirements showed greater potential N requirement for the fresh residue than the aged residue. 相似文献
7.
秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、
酶活性及作物产量的影响 总被引:24,自引:2,他引:24
秸秆的质量,特别是C/N是影响秸秆分解速率和养分释放的重要因素。在秸秆还田条件下,如何科学合理地施用氮肥是秸秆利用和优化施肥研究的关键问题。本研究以秸秆还田施入碳氮的C/N为切入点,于2012—2013年通过田间试验(设秸秆不还田不施肥、秸秆还田不施氮、秸秆还田施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1、16∶1和25∶1以及秸秆还田施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1处理),研究秸秆还田不同氮输入对小麦-玉米轮作田土壤无机氮、土壤微生物量氮、酶活性以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:1)在C/N为25∶1下,施用有机氮肥和无机氮肥对土壤无机氮含量无显著影响;在施用无机氮肥的情况下,C/N越低土壤无机氮含量越高。2)秸秆还田施氮提高了土壤微生物量氮含量,但是各秸秆还田施氮处理之间差异不显著;秸秆还田不同施氮处理对脲酶活性无显著影响;秸秆还田施氮提高了FDA水解酶活性,并随C/N降低呈升高趋势,施用无机氮肥的效果强于施用有机氮肥的。3)秸秆还田施用无机氮肥显著提高了小麦和玉米地上部生物量,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1和16∶1相比于C/N为25∶1提高了小麦和玉米的苗期和成熟期地上部生物量;施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1相比秸秆还田不施氮对地上部生物量无显著影响。秸秆还田施用无机氮肥提高了作物产量,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1产量最高,而施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1有降低作物产量的趋势。综合以上结果来看,施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1较为合理。 相似文献
8.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2548-2560
Field experiments (established in autumn 1979, with monoculture barley from 1980 to 1990 and barley/wheat–canola–triticale–pea rotation from 1991 to 2008) were conducted on two contrasting soil types (Gray Luvisol [Typic Haplocryalf] loam soil at Breton; Black Chernozem [Albic Agricryoll] silty clay loam soil at Ellerslie) in north-central Alberta, Canada, to determine the influence of tillage (zero tillage and conventional tillage), straw management (straw removed [SRem] and straw retained [SRet]), and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha?1in SRet, and only 0 kg N ha?1in SRem plots) on seed yield, straw yield, total N uptake in seed + straw (1991–2008), and N balance sheet (1980–2008). The N fertilizer urea was midrow-banded under both tillage systems in the 1991 to 2008 period. There was a considerable increase in seed yield, straw yield, and total N uptake in seed + straw with increasing N rate up to 100 kg N ha?1 under both tillage systems. On the average, conventional tillage produced greater seed yield (by 279 kg ha?1), straw yield (by 252 kg ha?1), and total N uptake in seed + straw (by 6.0 kg N ha?1) than zero tillage, but the differences were greater at Breton than Ellerslie. Compared to straw removal treatment, seed yield, straw yield, and total N uptake in seed + straw tended to be greater with straw retained at the zero-N rate used in the study. The amounts of applied N unaccounted for over the 1980 to 2008 period ranged from 1114 to 1846 kg N ha?1 at Breton and 845 to 1665 kg N ha?1 at Ellerslie, suggesting a great potential for N loss from the soil-plant system through denitrification, and N immobilization from the soil mineral N pool. In conclusion, crop yield and N uptake were lower under zero tillage than conventional, and long-term retention of straw suggests some gradual improvement in soil productivity. 相似文献
9.
The application of mineral N fertilizers may influence biologically mediated processes that are important in nutrient transformations and availability. This study was conducted to assess the effect of N application on microbial activities in irrigated and non-irrigated winter wheat systems. Carbon decomposition and microbial biomass C in soils with three N application rates (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha–1 as urea) were measured over 40 days in a laboratory incubation experiment. Carbon, N, and P contents in the soil under the irrigated wheat were higher than those in the soil under the non-irrigated wheat. The reverse trend was observed for soil pH and Ca and Mg contents. However, soils from the two systems had similar C/N ratios. Carbon decomposition and microbial biomass C in the soil under the irrigated wheat increased significantly (p
<0.05). Increasing rates of N fertilizer resulted in higher C decomposition and microbial biomass C levels in both soil systems. Results indicate that different wheat cropping systems affect soil properties that will then have an impact on C turnover in the soil. Moreover, the irrigated wheat system favors soil conditions required for a faster C turnover. In conclusion, it is likely that due to positive effects on microbial activity, N fertilization will increase nutrient cycling and, subsequently, crop productivity will improve in N-poor soils. 相似文献
10.
The effects of up to 23 years of agricultural cropping of a boreal forest soil on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N, P, and K pools were studied. The cropping systems studied were: (a) continuous barley, (b) continuous forage bromegrass, (c) continuous forage legume, and (d) barley/grass-legume forage rotation. Continuous bromegrass increased while other cropping systems decreased SOC in the surface soil. Kjeldahl N in soil approximately followed the trend in SOC. The net gain in N under continuous grass was attributed mostly to nonsymbiotic N fixation. Changes in SOC content appeared to be also influenced by cropping and tillage frequencies. Changes in fixed (intercalary) ammonium were small. There was no measurable change in total P, in part, because input was only slightly higher than crop offtake. Organic P increased under continuous bromegrass, and tended to decrease under continuous legume. The C/N and C/P ratios of soil organic matter decreased slightly with cropping. Exchangeable K (Kex) was decreased by cropping systems containing a legume crop to a greater extent than those without a legume crop. Most of the decrease occurred in the 0–15 cm depth. Nitric acid extractable K was not affected by cropping. Since net loss of Kex to 30 cm depth was substantially less than crop offtake, it is suggested that subsoil K reserves and matrix K were supplying a major portion of the crops' K requirement. It is concluded that the effects of cropping systems on SOC, N, P and K are influenced by crop type, and cropping and tillage frequencies. 相似文献
11.
Effects of cropping systems on soil organic matter in a pair of conventional and biodynamic mixed cropping farms in Canterbury, New Zealand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Effects of cropping systems on soil organic matter (SOM) in a pair of conventional and biodynamic mixed cropping farms were
investigated. Soil samples (0–75 and 75–150-mm depths) were analysed for total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial
biomass C (BC) and microbial biomass N (BN), and sequentially extracted for labile and stable SOM using cold water, hot water,
acid mixtures and alkalis. In the biodynamic farm, TC and TN decreased with increasing period of cropping but the reverse
occurred under pastures. These were not shown in soils from the conventional farm, probably due to N fertilizer additions.
Under pastures, increases in SOM were attributed to greater biological N2 fixation and the return of plant residues and excreta from grazing animals. Overall, sensitive SOM quality indicators found
for labile SOM were BN, BN:TN and HC:TC, and for stable SOM were HCl/HFC, HCl/HFC:TC, humin C, humin N, humin C:TC and humin
N:TN. The BN and BN:TN were better indicators than BC and BC:TC. The humin fraction was strongly related to both labile and
stable SOM fractions suggesting that humin contained non-extractable strongly complexed SOM components with mineral matter
and also non-extractable plant and microbial residual components.
Received: 10 October 1996 相似文献
12.
Soil warming and liming impacts on the recovery of 15N in an acidic soil under soybean cropping 下载免费PDF全文
Liming has important implications for N dynamics in acidic soils planted with legumes that are not fully understood. We used a 15N tracer (K15NO3) to examine N dynamics in a Chromic Luvisol planted with soybean with and without lime in environmentally‐controlled chambers set at 20°C and 30°C (full factorial design). Liming increased total N and 15N recovery in soybean, but had no effect on microbial recovery. Elevated temperature, increased total plant N, decreased 15N recovery in soybean and microbes, and increased loss of N through leaching. Our results show enhanced uptake of soil mineral N by soybean with liming, thereby reducing N loss from soil, while an increase in temperature from 20°C to 30°C may enhance N loss in these systems. 相似文献
13.
长期连作以及大量化肥尤其是化学氮肥的投入导致农作物连作障碍严重,中药材也面临同样的困境。为寻找一种绿色无污染、环境友好、可持续的防控连障方法,我们在连作药用菊花十余年的田块进行小区试验,设置当地施肥育苗(D)和优化施肥育苗(T)2种育苗;当地施肥(CK)、优化施肥+减氮20%(T1),优化施肥+减氮40%(T2)3种施肥,共6个处理,研究减氮配合优化施肥种类对连作药用菊花生长状况及产量的影响。试验结果显示:①T育苗植株地上部生物量、株高、分枝数、叶面积优于D育苗,TCK处理地上部生物量、分枝数分别是DCK的2.26倍和3.5倍,差异显著;DCK与DT1处理植株地上部生物量、株高、分枝数和现花蕾期叶面积差异均不显著。②T育苗各个施肥处理的菊花单株花蕾数高于D育苗相应施肥处理,在CK施肥处理差异极显著,T1 施肥处理中差异显著,DCK与TT2 处理的花蕾数无显著性差异;单株产量和花蕾比均以T育苗较高但不显著。③小区产量以T育苗和优化施肥的处理较高,TT1处理小区产量是DCK的1.88倍,差异极显著。优化施肥模式提高了药用菊花株高、分枝数以及现蕾花期叶面积,改善了连作菊花的生长状况,从而提高了地上部生物量;优化施肥模式有增加花数、提高开花整齐度的趋势,从而提高产量,优化施肥模式可弥补减氮的影响;优化施肥在育苗阶段的效果优于生长阶段。 相似文献
14.
大豆施用镁、钼、锰肥的增产效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验证明了在黑河地区的土壤条件下施用镁、钼、锰肥对大豆性状和产量的影响,为大豆的合理施肥提供依据。施用镁、钼、锰肥能够不同程度地提高大豆的出苗率,增加株高、叶面积和叶绿素含量,增产效果明显。 相似文献
15.
试验证明了在黑河地区的土壤条件下施用镁、钼、锰肥对大豆性状和产量的影响,为大豆的合理施肥提供依据。施用镁、钼、锰肥能够不同程度地提高大豆的出苗率,增加株高、叶面积和叶绿素含量,增产效果明显。 相似文献
16.
深松和施氮对夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
于2010年和2011年通过田间裂区试验,研究了在旋茬和旋茬后深松条件下常规尿素分次施用和控释尿素对郑单958夏玉米的花后氮素积累、 分配、 利用及产量的影响。结果表明,在相同的耕作措施下,氮素积累及其向子粒的分配量均表现为控释尿素>普通尿素两次施用>普通尿素一次施用>不施氮处理;在相同施氮水平下,玉米氮素积累及其向子粒的分配量均表现为深松大于旋茬处理。深松并施用控释尿素处理的夏玉米在两年试验中的子粒产量和氮素利用率均为最高,与其他处理相比差异显著。可见,与传统的旋茬耕作和施肥方式相比,深松耕作和施用控释尿素均能显著提高郑单958夏玉米的氮素利用率和产量。二者的有机结合可为玉米的氮素高效利用和产量的提高提供新的思路。 相似文献
17.
针对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中氮肥用量偏多的问题,研究氮肥施用对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累及氮效率的影响。2012~2013年两个玉米生长季,以"金山10"为试验材料,设5个施肥处理:不施氮肥(CK);低氮180 kg/hm2(L);推荐施氮量260 kg/hm2(R);氮肥配施有机肥,总施氮量260 kg/hm2(C);农民传统施氮270 kg/hm2(F)。结果表明:在5个施肥处理中,以氮肥配施有机肥处理玉米产量最高,该处理生物产量和经济产量分别比其它施肥处理增加了3.52%~62.77%和6.29%~56.02%。氮肥利用效率表现为CK处理最高,氮肥施用量高时氮肥利用效率低。氮肥配施有机肥处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率高于其它施肥处理,该处理这3项指标和其它施肥处理间差异达到极显著水平(P0.01),该处理氮肥回收效率、生理效率和农学效率分别比低氮处理高10.70%~16.22%、2.81%~6.21%和5.16%~6.90%,比推荐施氮处理高3.44%~7.36%、1.62%~4.49%和3.42%~3.50%,比农民传统施氮处理高4.89%~8.60%、1.11%~5.70%和3.79%~4.49%。增施氮肥和氮肥配施有机肥提高了粮饲兼用玉米氮素积累量,后者氮素积累总量比其它施肥处理分别高1.88~11.42g/m2(2012年)和0.86~11.88 g/m2(2013年),比推荐施氮和农民传统施氮处理分别高0.89~1.71 g/m2和0.86~1.93 g/m2。科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中,氮肥配施有机肥有利于提高粮饲兼用玉米的产量,增加氮素积累量,是该地区比较合理的施肥方式,上述研究以期为科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
通过田间试验,对分蘖肥、穗肥氮素一次和分次施用时机插水稻的产量构成、氮肥利用效率以及与二者紧密相关的茎蘖动态、高光效叶面积和叶片SPAD值进行了研究。结果表明:分蘖肥氮素分次施用对产量形成无显著影响,而穗肥氮素分次施用使产量增加6.1%~6.5%,氮肥利用率提高10.0%~11.6%。主要原因在于:分蘖肥氮素分次施用对水稻生育前期茎蘖动态和叶龄进程基本无影响。但是,穗肥氮素分次施用显著增加开花时倒一叶和倒二叶叶面积,较穗肥一次施用分别增长10.1%~13.7%和32.1%~39.9%,并减缓了开花后20 d内倒二叶SPAD值降解速率,为水稻后期光合物质累积提供良好物质基础,使水稻成穗率提高5.1%~6.1%,且大幅提高实粒数。因而,机插秧水稻分蘖肥一次施用,穗肥分次施用有利于增加产量,提高氮肥利用效率,同时一定程度降低劳动投入量。 相似文献
19.
J.M. Meriles S. Vargas Gil C. Conforto G. Figoni E. Lovera G.J. March C.A. Guzmn 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,103(2):271
This work analyzes the direct effect of soil management practices on soil microbial communities, which may affect soil productivity and sustainability. The experimental design consisted of two tillage treatments: reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT), and three crop rotation treatments: continuous soybean (SS), corn–soybean (CS), and soybean–corn (SC). Soil samples were taken at soybean planting and harvest. The following quantifications were performed: soil microbial populations by soil dilution plate technique on selective and semi-selective culture media; microbial respiration and microbial biomass by chloroform fumigation-extraction; microbial activity by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis; and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Soil chemical parameters were also quantified. Soil organic matter content was significantly lower in RT and SS sequence crops, whereas soil pH and total N were significantly higher in CS and SC sequence crops. Trichoderma and Gliocladium populations were lower under RTSS and ZTSS treatments. Except in a few cases, soil microbial respiration, biomass and activity were higher under zero tillage than under reduced tillage, both at planting and harvest sampling times. Multivariate analyses of FAMEs clearly separated both RT and ZT management practices at each sampling time; however, separation of sequence crops was less evident. In our experiments ZT treatment had highest proportion of 10Me 16:0, an actinomycetes biomarker, and 16:1ω9 and 18:1ω7, two fatty acids associated with organic matter content and substrate availability. In contrast, RT treatment had highest content of branched biomarkers (i15:0 and i16:0) and of cy19:0, fatty acids associated with cell stasis and/or stress. As cultural practices can influence soil microbial populations, it is important to analyze the effect that they produce on biological parameters, with the aim of conserving soil richness over time. Thus, in a soybean-based cropping system, appropriate crop management is necessary for a sustainable productivity without reducing soil quality. 相似文献
20.
不同施氮量对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率及氮平衡的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
通过田间小区试验研究了不同施氮量对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率、硝酸盐淋溶及氮平衡的影响。结果表明,施氮对夏玉米子粒有显著的增产作用,但随施氮量的增加产量变化不大。氮肥利用率在9.2%~22.6%之间,随施氮量的增加而降低。施氮可明显提高0~160 cm剖面土壤NO3--N含量,而且随深度的增加NO3--N含量呈降低趋势,累积峰主要在20~60 cm之间。玉米收获后,随着施氮量的增加氮素的损失量增加,各施氮处理的硝态氮残留量在121~221 kg/hm2之间,以N250处理的残留量最高,残留率近65%。 相似文献