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黄淮海夏玉米主产区穗腐病病原菌的分离鉴定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为明确我国黄淮海夏玉米主产区玉米穗腐病的病原菌种类、优势种群及虫害、年度、省份对病原菌的影响,以形态学为基础,结合分子生物学方法对2013、2015年随机采自河南、河北、山东3省的155份玉米穗腐病样品进行分离鉴定。结果表明,引起黄淮海夏玉米主产区玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌为镰孢菌Fusarium spp.,包括拟轮枝镰孢F.verticillioides、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、层出镰孢F.proliferatum、木贼镰孢F.equiseti及藤仓镰孢F.fujikuroi,分离频率分别为49.7%、28.4%、12.3%、3.9%和1.3%;其次为木霉菌Trichoderma spp.,包括哈茨木霉T.harzianum、绿色木霉T.viride和棘孢木霉T.asperellum,分离频率分别为8.4%、3.2%和5.2%;青霉菌Penicillium spp.分离频率较低,为14.2%;曲霉菌Aspergillus spp.包括黑曲霉A.niger和黄曲霉A.flavus,分离频率分别为2.6%和1.9%。研究表明,黄淮海主产区玉米穗腐病优势病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢、禾谷镰孢和木霉菌,不同省份不同年度间病原菌种类及优势病原菌存在差异,虫害能加重玉米穗腐病的发生。 相似文献
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随着北京市小麦种植面积的逐步恢复, 小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的发生范围也逐渐扩大。为明确北京地区小麦赤霉病及茎基腐病的病原群体组成, 于2023年从北京市6个区14个采样点采集小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病样品, 采用组织分离法得到290株小麦赤霉病菌株及163株小麦茎基腐病菌株。采用翻译延伸因子TEF1-α基因进行分子鉴定, 明确了北京地区不同区县小麦赤霉病菌和茎基腐病菌的群体组成。北京地区小麦赤霉病的病原主要是禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum和假禾谷镰孢F. pseudograminearum, 其中禾谷镰孢占群体总数的92.41%, 是整个北京地区的优势致病菌, 也是海淀、平谷、顺义、密云和延庆地区的优势致病菌, 假禾谷镰孢是怀柔地区的优势致病菌。北京地区小麦茎基腐病的病原主要是假禾谷镰孢(45.40%)和禾谷镰孢(37.42%), 还分离出层出镰孢F. proliferatum (1.23%)、中华镰孢F. sinense (7.36%)、锐顶镰孢F. acuminatum (4.29%)、三线镰孢F. tricinctum (3.07%)和木贼镰孢 F. equiseti (1.23%)。海淀和密云地区的小麦茎基腐病优势致病菌是假禾谷镰孢, 平谷、顺义和延庆地区的优势致病菌是禾谷镰孢。该研究结果为小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病的预测预报和精准防治提供依据。 相似文献
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蒙城大豆疫霉菌的鉴定及其生理小种 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
在安徽省蒙城县对大豆疫霉根腐病的发生情况进行调查。应用选择性培养基对类似大豆疫霉根腐病症状的病株进行病原菌分离,在春大豆蒙城早熟青豆病株上分离到2株疫霉菌PMC1、PMC2和一些Fusarium spp.,在夏大豆上分离到的主要病原菌为Pythium spp.和Fusarium spp.,未分离到疫霉菌。根据疫霉菌分离物PMC1和PMC2形态和生理学特征以及对大豆的专化致病性,2个分离物被鉴定为大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann&Gerdemann)。应用国际通用鉴别寄主进行生理小种鉴定,PMC1和PMC2的毒力公式分别为1b,1d,3a,3c,5,7和1b,1d,4,5,为新的小种类型,定名为中国6号小种、中国7号小种(CNR-6和CNR-7)。这是首次报道大豆疫霉菌在我国淮北地区存在。 相似文献
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江苏省玉米茎腐病菌种类鉴定 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
作者于1992~1995年,从江苏省玉米主产区采集的玉米茎腐病标样中分离获得105个菌株,经鉴定,致病菌种类有肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum)、禾生腐霉(P.graminicola)、串珠镰孢浙江变种(Fusarium moniliforme var.zhejiangensis)、串珠镰孢中间变种(F.moniliforme var.intermedium)、串珠镰孢胶孢变种(F.moniliforme var.subglutinans)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)、拟枝孢镰孢厚膜变种(F.sporotrichioides var.chlamydosporum)、尖孢镰孢芬芳变种(F.oxysporum var.redolens)、接骨木镰孢(F.sambucinum)、茄病镰孢(F.solani)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)等11个种或变种。其中串珠镰孢浙江变种出现频率最高,占44.8%,肿囊腐霉和禾生腐霉致病力最强,这两类菌是江苏玉米茎腐病主要病原。 相似文献
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日光温室茄茎腐病病原鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1998~2000年连续 3年在甘肃省主要茄子栽培区大量采集茄子茎腐病病株和病土 ,经分离和致病性测定 ,表明引起当地茄茎腐病的主要病原为镰刀菌和疫霉菌。根据病原形态特征、培养性状以及致病性测定 ,确定其为尖镰孢菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、黄色镰孢菌 (Fusarium culmorum)和寄生疫霉 (Phytophthora nicotianae)。两种镰刀菌生长发育最适温度均为20~30℃ ,最适pH为7.0;在光照条件下菌丝生长缓慢。 相似文献
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玉米茎腐病病原菌检测方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为提高玉米茎腐病病原菌检测结果的准确性和可信度,以组织分离法做对比,采用分子检测法,对采自田间的189个玉米茎腐病病株进行真菌种类的鉴定和数量的统计。结果表明,分子检测法对腐霉Pythiumspp.的检出频率为29.24%,对镰孢菌Fusariumspp.的检出频率为73.68%,组织分离法对腐霉的检出频率仅为0.58%,对镰孢菌的检出频率为60.82%,两方法的符合率最高仅为35.92%,最低为0。因此,采用组织分离和分子检测相结合的方法可提高玉米茎腐病病原菌鉴定结果的准确性。 相似文献
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海南湛江柑桔疫霉种的鉴定及交配型研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
1988~1990年,从海南和湛江地区发生柑桔脚腐病的11个柑桔园采集了大量的病组织和病株基部的土壤样品,经分离共获得48个疫霉分离菌,根据孢子囊形态、脱落性、卵孢子产生、最高生长温度和淀粉利用能力等将其鉴定为寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica Dast)柑桔褐腐疫霉(P.citrophthora R.E.&E.H.Smith)和辣椒疫霉(P.capsici Leonian)。这三种疫霉均是柑桔树的致病菌,其中寄生疫霉和柑桔褐腐疫霉的出菌率高,认为是这两个地区柑桔脚腐病的主要致病菌,而辣椒疫霉在中国柑桔园是首次发现。交配型测定结果以寄生疫霉的A~1,交配型占绝对优势。 相似文献
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小麦茎基腐病近年来在我国发生日趋严重,不但威胁我国粮食安全,还存在真菌毒素污染的潜在威胁,危害人畜健康。本文概述了小麦茎基腐病的危害现状以及在不同地区引起该病害的优势镰孢菌种类,明确了假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum在我国多个小麦主产区已逐渐上升为茎基腐病的优势病原。在此基础上,进一步分析了假禾谷镰孢的侵染循环和遗传多样性,揭示了小麦茎基腐病严重发生与土壤中的病原菌积累、农业措施及多种环境气候因素,尤其是干旱环境密切相关。总结了目前已报道的调控假禾谷镰孢致病的关键蛋白,揭示了假禾谷镰孢的产毒类型,明确了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)合成的生化途径,不同杀菌剂对镰孢菌毒素合成的影响,以及杀菌剂刺激或抑制DON合成的机制。并以“防病减毒”为目的,提出了多种协同防病的综合防治措施,可为小麦茎基腐病绿色防控提供参考。 相似文献
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From 2007 to 2013, a disease of Welsh onion, causing leaf sheath rot and concomitant death of outer leaves was found in 20 fields in Hokkaido, Japan. We obtained 20 Rhizoctonia isolates from diseased tissues and identified them based on the number of nuclei, hyphal fusion reactions, and molecular techniques using specific PCR primers and sequence of the rDNA-ITS region. The 20 isolates consisted of 16 multinucleate and four binucleate isolates. Of the multinucleate isolates, five were found to be so far unknown and designated here as Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 hybrid subgroup between HG-I and HG-II. Others were identified as AG-1 IB (three isolates), AG-2-2 IIIB (two isolates), AG-4 HG-I (two isolates), AG-1 IC (one isolate), AG-2-1 (one isolate), AG-4 HG-II (one isolate) and AG-5 (one isolate). All four binucleate isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-U. Original symptoms were reproduced on all plants inoculated with these isolates. Thus, we revealed that as many as nine taxa of Rhizoctonia spp. were associated with the disease. This is the first report of leaf sheath rot of Welsh onion caused by Rhizoctonia spp. 相似文献
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核盘菌侵染循环类型的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对核盘菌科7个种21个代表菌株的研究结果表明,核盘菌分4种侵染循环类型:1.土传病害类型:包括人参菌核病、细辛菌核病和向日葵小菌核病菌,其特点是子囊孢子在侵染循环中不起作用,以菌丝体为初侵染源,病健株接触构成再侵染。2.子囊孢子气传病害类型:包括油菜、黄瓜、大豆、莴苣、萝卜、红花和紫云英菌核病,其特点是气传的子囊孢子致病力强,从寄主的花、衰老叶或伤口侵入,以病健组织接触构成再侵染。3.分生孢子气传病害类型:包括黄瓜、油菜、葡萄和大葱灰霉病,其特点是在自然条件下未见有性世代,以气传的分生孢子从寄生的花和衰老叶侵染,以分生孢子和健病株接触构成再侵染。4气传、种传、土传病害兼有型:包括向日葵菌核病,其特点是子囊孢子从花或茎侵染造成盘腐和茎腐,菌核、带菌种子萌生菌丝体侵染造成苗腐和立枯。病健组织接触构成再侵染。 相似文献
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Between 2006 and 2008, 146 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from bakanae‐diseased rice plants and seeds from the major rice‐growing regions of Italy. These isolates were identified based on translation elongation factor (EF‐1α) sequence and pathogenicity tests were used to assess their aggressiveness against the susceptible rice cultivar Galileo. Use of the EF‐1α sequence gave reliable identification and showed that Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of bakanae disease, was the most abundant Fusarium spp. isolated. These data were confirmed by inoculation of the isolates to rice seeds which were then germinated in the greenhouse, showing that only F. fujikuroi isolates were able to cause bakanae disease. Pathogenic isolates were identified with different levels of aggressiveness. Phylogenetic analysis based on EF‐1α sequences generated a tree which separated the various Fusarium species into different clusters with high bootstrap values. 相似文献
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枸杞根腐病的发生及防治研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
宁夏枸杞根腐病普遍发生。作者对其病原进行了分离鉴定,有4种病原菌:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht)、腐皮镰刀菌[F.solani(Mart,)Sacc]、同色镰刀菌(F.concolor Reinking)和串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme Sheldon)。其中尖孢镰刀菌致病力最强。对上述病原的生长温度、pH值作了室内测定。此病病原菌能随病株、病残体和病果种子越冬。枸杞不同品种对此病抗性有明显差异。田间积水和根部损伤利于发病。45%代森铵药液灌根对此病有良好的防治效果;培土垄作和中耕时不伤根的防治效果达74.4%。 相似文献
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“早衰”是高粱生产和育种上存在的普遍现象。长期以来被认为是一种生理性病害。经4年研究证明它是草酸青霉(Penicilliem axalicum)和纤细交链孢霉(Allernaria allernala)于初花期浸染而引起的一种高粱穗部病害。主要症状是颖壳及与其连接的枝梗组织坏死,阻止了养分、水分向上输导,造成籽粒秕瘦变小。一般减产10%以上。这是国内首次报道的高粱新病害,定名为高粱青霉颖枯病,此病在初花期用多菌灵防治有较好效果。 相似文献
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Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from potato crops in South Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
G. R. BALALI S. M. NEATE E. S. SCOTT D. L. WHISSON T. J. WICKS 《Plant pathology》1995,44(6):1050-1057
Isolates of Rhizoctonia collected from the stems, roots, tuber sclerotia and soil of potato crops in Virginia and Lenswood, South Australia, were identified to anastomosis groups (AG). Of the 301 multinucleate isolates of Rhizoctonia solani tested, 90% were AG-3, 7% were AG-4 and 2% were AG-5; 12 isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. This is the first report of isolates of AG-4 and AG-5 causing disease in potato crops in South Australia. All AG-3, AG-4 and AG-5 isolates tested caused rhizoctonia disease symptoms on the potato cultivar Coliban in pathogenicity trials conducted under glasshotise conditions. Both AG-3 and AG-5 isolates caused black scurf and stem cankers, although symptoms of black scurf were less severe with AG-5. AG-4 isolates produced the most severe stem and stolon cankers of all isolates tested. The pathogenicity of tuber-borne inoculum was confirmed by growing plants from sclerotia-infested tubers. AG-8 isolates from diseased barley and wheat produced severe root cankers and caused loss of feeder roots on inoculated potato plants. Results suggest that rhizoctonia disease in potato fields in South Australia is caused by a combination of different anastomosis groups and this has important implications for crop rotations. 相似文献
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早衰是高粱生产和育种上存在的普遍现象。长期以来被认为是一种生理性病害。经4年研究证明它是草酸青霉(Penicilliem axalicum)和纤细交链孢霉(Allernaria allernala)于初花期浸染而引起的一种高粱穗部病害。主要症状是颖壳及与其连接的枝梗组织坏死,阻止了养分、水分向上输导,造成籽粒秕瘦变小。一般减产10%以上。这是国内首次报道的高粱新病害,定名为高粱青霉颖枯病,此病在初花期用多菌灵防治有较好效果。 相似文献
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湖北省草莓炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
由炭疽属真菌(Colletotrichum spp.)引起的炭疽病是草莓育苗期的主要病害,在世界各地普遍发生。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了湖北省内17个不同地区采集分离的103株草莓炭疽病菌株对咪鲜胺的敏感性。结果显示:咪鲜胺对湖北省草莓炭疽病菌的EC50值分布范围为0.014 2~0.215 6μg/mL,平均值为(0.093 8±0.029 9)μg/mL,其敏感性频率符合正态分布,因此可将该EC50平均值作为湖北省草莓炭疽病原菌群体对咪鲜胺敏感基线的参考值。 相似文献
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Masaharu Kubota Kazufumi Nishi Emi Kato Fumihiro Terami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(1):68-71
In July 2006, black rot was observed on the leaves of 4-leaf-stage seedlings of salt-wort (Salsola komarovii) in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. We isolated two single-conidial isolates from the diseased leaves. Although colony appearance
of the isolates was different from that of each other, both isolates were identified as Colletotrichum truncatum by morphology and molecular similarity. After inoculation of healthy salt-wort plants with the isolates, the isolates were
reisolated from symptomatic plants. We thus propose a new disease, anthracnose of salt-wort. 相似文献