洞口县古树资源现状及培育保护对策

洞口县古树资源丰富,但古树的培育和保护面临诸多问题,是急需解决的问题之一。我们对洞口县古树资源的现状进行了初步分析,并针对当前存在的问题提出了古树资源的培育、保护对策。     

翅果油树资源研究进展

翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollisDiels)是我国特有种,为胡颓子科胡颓子属的大灌木或落叶小乔木。本文主要从翅果油树的资源特征、价值以及保护和利用现状等方面叙述了翅果油树资源研究进展,并在保护和合理开发利用方面提出了建议。     

Vernonia polyanthes as a new source of antiulcer drugs

Methanolic (VPME) and chloroformic (VPCL) extracts, obtained from the aerial parts of Vernonia polyanthes, were investigated for its antiulcerogenic properties. Administration of VPME (250 mg/kg) and VPCL (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the gastric mucosa damage (64% and 90%, respectively) caused by absolute ethanol (p.o.). Otherwise, in NSAID-induced gastric damage, their gastroprotective effects have decreased. Since the VPCL extract resulted to be more effective than the VPME we focused our efforts over VPCL action mechanism of action.     

Kujigamberol, a new dinorlabdane diterpenoid isolated from 85million years old Kuji amber using a biotechnological assay

A new compound, 15,20-dinor-5,7,9-labdatriene-18-ol (1), named kujigamberol, was isolated from amber, fossilized tree resin from the Kuji area in Japan, has been dated as being 85 million years old (late Cretaceous). Kujigamberol was identified using the hypersensitive mutant yeast (zds1? erg3? pdr1? pdr3?) with respect to Ca²⁺-signal transduction. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-EI-MS. It was different from known diterpenoids with a similar activity isolated from Baltic amber (agathic acid 15-monomethyl ester (2), dehydroabietic acid (3) and pimaric acid (4)). Kujigamberol showed glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition activity involving the growth restored activity against the mutant yeast and was cytotoxic to HL60 cells (IC₅₀ = 19.6 μM).     

新技术新装备在上海森林资源调查中的应用

介绍了GPS全球定位系统、PD42型镭射测距仪、PDA掌上电脑、航片、GIS地理信息系统的基本功能及特点,在上海森林资源调查中的具体应用。GPS主要用于定位和测距,镭射测距仪用于距离测量、样木测量、树高测量,PDA掌上电脑用于导航和数据采集,航片用于小班区划、样木判读,GIS地理信息系统用于小班查阅及更新、出图。     

以青枯拉尔氏菌为营养源的相克微生物的分离

以青枯拉尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum为营养源,未发青枯病的木麻黄Casuarina spp.和已发青枯病的尾巨桉Eucalyptus urophlla×E.grandis植物根围土壤为分离材料,采用双层水琼脂平板法分离筛选防治植物细菌性土传病害的生防菌.分离发现2种新的噬斑--菌落噬斑和花纹噬斑,获得1株溶解宿主菌细胞,即利用溶菌产物作为营养源的潜在生防菌Acp菌株.     

Traditional medicine as a source of new therapeutic agents against psoriasis

In the frame of traditional medicine, the use in the treatment of psoriasis of some plants typical of the flora of Sicily is reported. A preliminary search on some plants used for the treatment of psoriasis in Asia, South America and Africa is also reported.     

Molecular simulations probing Kushecarpin A as a new lipoxygenase inhibitor

Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew is used in Pakistan as a folk medicinal remedy for inflammatory conditions, pains especially rheumatic pain, fevers, allergy and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to scientifically validate the folk use of Z. oxyphylla Edgew by using the isolated compound in vitro and in vivo levels. Kushecarpin A was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the plant crude extract. Molecular docking simulations predicted Kushecarpin A as a potential new lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. Kushecarpin A showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition (IC50: 7.2 ± 0.02 μM) thus validated computational prediction. It also exhibited significant and highly significant inhibition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) of carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Kushecarpin A seems to be a potentially new anti-inflammatory compound responsible for anti-inflammatory activities of Z. oxyphylla Edgew. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory inflammatory activities were found in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Z. oxyphylla Edgew in inflammatory disorders.     

森林资源二类调查技术新旧规定的对比分析

对森林资源二类调查原“技术规定“和新“技术规定“进行了对比分析,提出了几点建设性意见.     

Functional evaluation of horse chestnut seed and its application in the production of compounded paper for effective utilization of an untapped resource

Many streets in Europe and the US are lined with horse chestnut trees. However, its fruit is inedible and poorly utilized. Therefore, its effective utilization has been a big issue. For recycling of horse chestnut seed, it was separated into “sarcocarp and endodermis” and “outer theca”; each part was finely ground for analysis of its functions. Ground horse chestnut seed showed excellent antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial activity was particularly strong against E. coli, which is a Gram-negative bacterium. The “outer theca” part showed a higher antibacterial activity than did the “sarcocarp and endodermis” part. It was found that the polyphenol content of the “outer theca” of the horse chestnut fruit was approximately three times that of the “sarcocarp and endodermis”; these polyphenols are believed to play a role in the seed’s antioxidation capacity. The ground outer theca of horse chestnut seed showed oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of 531 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g. Antioxidant activity was assumed to contribute to the antibacterial activity. In other words, antioxidant activity was assumed to damage the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. For possible recycling of horse chestnut seed, compounded paper containing the ground outer theca blended with pulp fibers was prepared. In this study, compounded paper containing ground “outer theca” was prepared using a traditional Washi paper-making method. The compounded paper was found to retain high deodorizing activity of the ground theca. Furthermore, although mechanical properties deteriorated as the proportion of the ground outer theca increased, these parameters remained adequate for practical applications. The compounded paper may be expected to have a wide range of applications as a highly functional paper with high gas permeability, deodorant activity, and antibacterial activity.     

Detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from old discs of dead Pinus armandii var. amamiana trees using a new detection kit

We examined the effectiveness of a new Bursaphelenchus xylophilus detection kit, based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), in old discs taken from the stem base of B. xylophilus‐infested dead trees of Pinus armandii var. amamiana (PAAm) occurring in their natural habitats. LAMP products, representing a past B. xylophilus infection, were detected in two consecutive trials from 16 of 20 discs collected from PAAm trees that died between 2003 and 2006. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were more frequently detected using LAMP in wood samples taken from sapwood than from heartwood. No significant differences in the detection of B. xylophilus using LAMP were observed in relation to the disc collection time (from 3 to 6 years before the analysis). Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were not detected using LAMP in four discs, although a B. xylophilus infection had been confirmed for the original PAAm trees at the time they were found dead. This may have resulted from the small amount of wood chips needed for the LAMP test or the reduced number and uneven distribution of the nematode in the old dead trees. The results indicate that the new B. xylophilus detection kit will be a very efficient tool for conducting retrospective analysis of PAAm mortality factors.     

板栗衰老树更新复壮高产新技术研究

根据板栗萌芽性强，更新后恢复快的特性，对丧失结果能力，而其根、干健壮的板栗树，采用重截主干或主枝、枝组更新复壮，配以土、肥管理，整形修剪，病虫防治等综合配套技术，使板栗树冠矮化，形成便于管理的丰产开心树形，更新后3－6d比对照增产1.13-3.67倍，更新后3－5a比新造幼树增产2．70－9．06倍，经过6a的试验研究，平均单株产量提高到6．4kg，获得了每公顷产2559.0kg的丰产记录，投入与产出之比为1：4，每公顷收益超过25500元。     

浅析新旧建筑环境中的功能与形式因素

本文从传统建筑与新建筑功能、形式因素等方面论述了之间的协调性、整体性、层次性、感知 性,提出了在旧城区建造新建时如何有机的结合旧建筑环境。     

高校校园新旧整合设计模式的系统分析与建构——以湖南大学与中南大学为例

从高校校园内人的行为角度出发对高校校园新旧整合模式进行了分析,提出了高校校园新旧整合设计模式的基本框架和具体内容,为高校校园新旧整合设计模式的建构提供了有价值的参考.     

Role of nitrogen remobilization from old leaves for new leaf growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

Six-month-old Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were grown in sand culture irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 6.0 mol N m(-3) for 3 months (November-January). Before rapid growth began in February, seedlings were repotted and irrigated with either 6.0 mol N m(-3) (High-N treatment) or 1.0 mol N m(-3) (Low-N treatment). Seedlings were analyzed during the subsequent flush of growth to determine the role of old leaves, and in particular the leaf protein Rubsico, as a source of N for new leaf growth. During spring growth, the N content of old leaves of High-N seedlings decreased with decreasing leaf dry weight, although there was no change in leaf number. In High-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided less than 10% of the N used for new leaf growth, and the new leaves quickly became the dominant sink for N. In contrast, in Low-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided 44% of the N used for new leaf growth. During the period of spring growth, the amount of soluble proteins recovered from old leaves of Low-N seedlings dropped, but there was no change in the content of either Rubisco or chlorophyll. The photosynthetic capacity of old leaves remained constant throughout the study period, and there was no evidence that N was remobilized from Rubisco.     

A silvicultural strategy for managing uneven-aged beech-dominated forests in Thuringia,Germany: a new approach to an old problem

Maintaining a permanent forest canopy cover and eventually harvesting wood in a final harvest according to predefined dimensions is often considered as prototype for future management of deciduous forests. An uneven-aged structure is considered by the public to resemble “natural” conditions, and by forest engineers it is considered as being more resilient to disturbances. In the Hainich-Dün region of Thuringia, Germany, beech-dominated selection forests covering about 10,000?ha have been managed for almost 1000 years, initially by irregular use, but as regular selection system since about 200 years. Managing these stands remains difficult, due to the lack of yield tables and a quantification of harvest of uneven-aged stands considering differences in site conditions and handling of over-sized trees. It is the objective of the present study to develop tables of target stand volumes, increments, and harvest for different diameter ranges of uneven-aged stands according to site conditions. The present study is based on repeated grid-based inventories of about 2150 plots, which were partly re-inventoried 3 times over the past 20 years. The recommended target wood volumes vary between 296 and 388 m³ ha^?1. Stand growth rates of different yield classes were estimated to range between 6.7 and 7.7 m³ ha^?1 yr^?1 which is 30% lower than for age class forest. Nevertheless, the economic returns are higher. Thus, selective cutting with single tree selection remains a viable silvicultural system, but it may change over time into small-scale shelter-woods for improving growth of regeneration.