犬乳腺肿瘤病理学观察与分析

通过利用石蜡切片制作技术、HE染色技术及显微摄影技术,结合临床资料,对犬乳腺肿瘤进行病例分析,以期能够鉴别诊断犬的良性和恶性乳腺肿瘤。将收集到的10个具有典型病理变化乳腺肿瘤组织制作成病理切片,用HE染液进行染色,并利用光学显微镜进行观察。结合临床资料,对犬乳腺肿瘤进行病例分析,并对犬乳腺肿瘤病例的基本信息进行归纳,发现平均患病年龄为8.5岁老犬,然后对术后切除的肿瘤进行了病理基本的鉴别诊断,发现恶性肿瘤6例,并对所制作乳腺肿瘤切片中具有典型病理变化的切片作了细致的观察和分类描述。     

组织切片技术浅见

组织切片技术是兽医病理组织学诊断中常见方法之一.所谓组织切片,即取动物某一实体器官上的组织块用石蜡包埋,然后进行切片及染色的制片过程.在整个制片过程中,包括有取材与固定,脱水与透明,浸蜡与包埋,切片与粘片,染色与封固五大步骤.制作时,对每一步都必须认真对待,否则将达不到预期效果,甚至导致制片工作的彻底失败.笔者在多年的动物病理学教学和组织切片实践中体会到:组织切片技术必须把好以下6关.     

携带猪囊虫表位的嵌合蛋白疫苗的构建及其免疫学研究

用PCR法将猪囊虫抗原表位n1、n2插入乙肝病毒核心蛋白（HBc）序列的第78～79位之间，将猪囊虫抗原表位n3接在149位之后，再将该序列克隆入pET28a载体中，构建了重组表达质粒pET28a—△c-3n，在大肠杆菌中表达出融合蛋白。命名为PCCE。将PCCE纯化后免疫小鼠，以ELISA检测小鼠的体液免疫应答，Western blot检测抗体的特异性．Dot ELISA验证所选表位的保护性。另用绦虫卵攻击免疫小鼠，以观察疫苗的保护作用。测序结果表明，重组质粒构建成功；SDS—PAGE显示，融合蛋白表达正确，电镜证实有蛋白颗粒形成。对免疫小鼠应用ELISA检测到高滴度抗体；Western blot结果表明。免疫鼠体内诱导出了3种特异性抗体；Dot ELISA结果表明，所逸表位对宿主可能具有保护性。绦虫卵攻击免疫小鼠试验表明，疫苗PCCE的相对保护率为89％。结论：成功地表达和纯化了以HBc为载体的携带3个猪囊虫表位的融合蛋白（PCCE），以PCCE作为疫苗免疫小鼠，能诱导较强的特异性体液免疫反应，免疫小鼠对绦虫卵攻击具有较好的免疫保护作用。     

鸡Toll样受体15单克隆抗体的制备及其初步应用

旨在制备鸡Toll样受体15 (ChTLR15)的特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),并初步应用.利用PCR技术扩增ChTLR15第162-386位氨基酸,克隆于载体pET-30a中进行诱导表达,获得高纯度的重组ChTLR15 (162-386 aa)蛋白.然后采用皮下多点注射方式将ChTLR15免疫6周龄的雌性BALB/c小...     

河北省部分地区屠宰猪肝脏戊型肝炎抗原的检测及组织病理学观察

为探讨河北省部分地区屠宰猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况,采集了55例屠宰猪肝脏,采用免疫组织化学方法对肝脏样品的戊型肝炎病毒抗原进行检测,同时应用H.E.染色和Mallory三色染色法对其病理形态学变化进行观察。结果显示,55例肝脏样品中有52例呈抗原阳性反应,阳性率为94.55%。光学显微镜观察可见,病毒抗原在肝细胞核、胞浆和胞膜上均有分布,但主要呈现胞浆弥漫型和胞核型。组织病理学观察结果显示,在HEV-抗原免疫组化阳性反应肝脏样品的H.E.染色切片中,均有不同程度的病理变化,主要表现为肝细胞变性散在单个核固缩性坏死,淋巴细胞等炎性细胞浸润,汇管区胆管增生,肝细胞萎缩,并常见有纤维结缔组织增生。Mallory三色染色结果显示,有29.1%的肝脏样品中有纤维结缔组织增生。     

桑天牛幼虫感染白僵菌后的组织病理学研究

桑天牛(Apriona germari)幼虫被球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)Bb00菌株感染后,虫体颜色及外部形态发生相应的变化。组织切片观察表明:白僵菌Bb00菌株处理后24 h,分生孢子即可以附着于桑天牛幼虫体表,48 h即可以萌发并侵入幼虫体表,使内表皮分解;菌丝进入血腔后开始增殖并向侵入点附近的脂肪、肌肉、气管等组织入侵。随着菌丝在幼虫体内的增殖,各组织器官遭到不同程度的破坏,4 d后感染幼虫死亡,5 d后菌丝突破体表在虫体外形成菌丝层并有分生孢子产生。     

鸡胚肝脏发育过程中增殖细胞核抗原及核仁组织区的免疫组化观察

肝脏是机体的重要器官,功能复杂,发挥着巨大的作用.在动物增殖发育的报道多集中在小鼠[1-3],检测NOR的研究多见于区别于某些肿瘤的良恶性、分级和分型以及对预后判断[4-6].在鸡的肝脏发育方面的研究报道较少[7],本试验运用常规的H.E.染色方法和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学方法,嗜银蛋白(NOR)染色对其进行了研究,探讨其在发育过程中的规律.     

Mitochondria in Mammalian Sperm Physiology and Pathology: A Review

While, for a long time, the role of mitochondria in sperm physiology and pathology has been largely ignored, recent research points out the mitochondria as a major organelle with key roles in sperm function both under physiological and biotechnological conditions. This paper briefly reviews these novel findings regarding the role of mitochondria in sperm, paying special attention to the most practical, readily applicable, aspects of the topic such as their role as a major source of the sublethal damage that sperm experiments after cryopreservation.     

硒元素对动物免疫作用的研究进展

硒是人和动物所必需的微量元素,它的作用很广泛,其中在免疫功能方面尤其突出。硒缺乏会导致多种疾病的发生,如动物肌营养不良,鸡肝脏坏死、渗出性素质、营养性脑软化症,仔猪桑椹心,幼驹的腹泻、胰纤维化、胎盘滞留和人克山病、大骨节病等。轻度缺乏机体并不表现临床症状,只是免疫功能受损,如细胞发生氧化、变性,免疫器官受损等,从而造成机体对疾病的易感性增加,但补硒过多也会引起免疫抑制甚至中毒。     

Immunology of whales and dolphins

The increasing disease susceptibility in different whale and dolphin populations has led to speculation about a possible negative influence of environmental contaminants on the immune system and therefore on the health status of marine mammals. Despite current efforts in the immunology of marine mammals several aspects of immune functions in aquatic mammals remain unknown. However, assays for evaluating cellular immune responses, such as lymphocyte proliferation, respiratory burst as well as phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of leukocytes and humoral immune responses have been established for different cetacean species. Additionally, immunological and molecular techniques enable the detection and quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lymphoid cells during inflammation or immune responses, respectively. Different T and B cell subsets as well as antigen-presenting cells can be detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Despite great homologies between marine and terrestrial mammal lymphoid organs, some unique anatomical structures, particularly the complex lymphoepithelial laryngeal glands in cetaceans represent an adaptation to the marine environment. Additionally, physiological changes, such as age-related thymic atrophy and cystic degeneration of the “anal tonsil” of whales have to be taken into account when investigating these lymphoid structures. Systemic morbillivirus infections lead to fatalities in cetaceans associated with generalized lymphoid depletion. Similarly, chronic diseases and starvation are associated with a loss of functional lymphoid cells and decreased resistance against opportunistic infections. There is growing evidence for an immunotoxic effect of different environmental contaminants in whales and dolphins, as demonstrated in field studies. Furthermore, immunomodulatory properties of different persistent xenobiotics have been confirmed in cetacean lymphoid cells in vitro as well as in animal models in vivo. However, species-specific differences of the immune system and detoxification of xenobiotics between cetaceans and laboratory rodents have to be considered when interpreting these toxicological data for risk assessment in whales and dolphins.