CO2气调储藏稻谷启封后品质变化的研究

在实仓应用中，对CO2气调储藏启封后籼稻谷的品质变化进行了研究，并与常规储藏进行比较。试验结果表明：CO2气调储粮启封后籼稻谷的品质没有明显的变化。CO2气调储藏启封后与常规储藏的籼稻谷品质变化速度都很慢，没有明显的差异。CO2气调储藏启封后品质变化缓慢的主要原因是稻谷的品质好和稻谷的水分低。     

CO2气调储粮技术对粮食真菌的抑制效果研究

进行了粮食在不同CO2气体浓度、不同粮食水分、不同环境温度条件下储藏后的粮食真菌区系变化情况、尤其是在粮食水分较高、储藏温度较高的条件下CO2对粮食真菌的抑制效果进行了实验室研究和绵阳CO2气调库粮食真菌的区系变化实仓研究。研究结果表明，CO2气调储粮方法对水分在15％以内的各种粮食上着生的粮食真菌于15～35℃的温度范围内在较长时间内具有很好的抑制作用，可用于低水分粮的长期储藏；60％高浓度的CO2对水分在15％～16％的高水分粮于15～25℃温度范围短时间内(品质较差的粮食15天、品质较好的粮食140天左右)有较好的防霉作用，但粮食感官品质有所下降；35％以下浓度的CO2对高水分粮在15～35℃温度范围内均不能较好地抑制粮食真菌的生长，粮食储藏一段时间后就发生霉变；CO2不适宜于高水分粮在常温下的长期储藏，即使是60％以上浓度的CO2也不能很好地抑制高水分粮上着生的引起粮食霉变的储藏性真菌。     

CO2气调储藏和常规储藏籼稻谷品质比较

本试验对比了CO2气调储藏和常规储藏籼稻谷的品质变化,结果表明CO2气调储藏比常规储藏品质变化缓慢。     

30℃条件下玉米自呼吸对储藏环境中气体浓度变化的影响研究

通过对3种不同水分(偏低水分11.8％、安全水分13.3％和偏高水分16.3％)的玉米在30℃条件下,密闭储藏环境内N2、O2和CO2百分浓度变化的测定,研究密闭储藏环境条件下玉米粮粒周围环境气体成分浓度的变化规律.20 L规模的试验室研究结果表明:不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中N2浓度随时间的变化均不大;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中O2浓度与储藏时间呈负相关;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中CO2浓度与储藏时间呈正相关.在气调储藏时,对偏低水分和安全水分的玉米可充分利用粮粒的自呼吸使环境中的O2浓度在21 d内迅速下降,后期可通过粮粒的自呼吸使O2浓度维持在5％左右,偏高水分的玉米在11 d内即可使O2浓度迅速下降,但后期O2浓度接近0％,无氧呼吸加剧.通过对玉米密闭储藏环境中气体浓度以及耗氧量和CO2累积量随时间的变化趋势线进行回归分析,得到30℃条件下不同水分玉米密闭环境中N2、O2和CO2的回归方程以及耗氧量和CO2累积量的回归方程,利用相应回归方程,可获得玉米在密闭储藏时环境中不同储藏时间段的气体浓度,为气调储藏时玉米粮粒自呼吸的合理利用提供基础技术参数和数据模型.     

不同水分,温度条件下CO2浓度对大米品质的影响

试验选用当年新收获的稻谷加工成的水分为１３．９％、１４．７％和１６．０％的大米，在２３℃和３３℃的恒温室中，将７种不同浓度的ＣＯ２经减压调湿后通入粮堆。定期取样，测定大米的脂肪酸、水溶酸、还原糖、非还原糖、粘度和过氧化物酶活性的变化。试验结果表明：１３．９％水分的大米在２３℃下储藏，各种浓度ＣＯ２对大部分品质指标影响不显著，ＣＯ２的保质作用不明显；１４．７％水分的大米在２３℃储藏，ＣＯ２对个别品质     

小包装优质鲜米品质变化及保鲜期的研究

用四川产优质籼稻经碾制、抛光后生产的水分为 13.7%、14 .8%和 15 .1%的鲜米 ,采用 0 .15mm聚乙烯塑胶袋常规包装和充CO2 两种方式 ,在 2 3℃± 2℃条件下储藏 6个月 ,其品质指标变化速度均很慢 ,没有明显差异 ,大米品质新鲜。开包后在同等条件下储藏 5 0天的大米品质仍然新鲜。根据本试验结果 ,提出了判定大米新鲜程度的品质指标 ,并证明了小包装抛光鲜米的水分可提高到≤ 15 .0 % ,保鲜期 6个月。     

高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

CO2气调储藏和常规储藏小麦品质比较

通过对CO2气调储藏和常规储藏的小麦品质进行比较，结果表明两者的品质都得到改善，但两者的差异不明显，CO2气调储藏的优越性要经过很长时间才能显现出来。     

不同温度条件下氮气气调储粮对玉米脂肪酸值的影响

通过对不同水分的玉米(13.2%和14.0%)在3种不同温度(20℃、25℃和30℃)条件下,进行持续充氮气调储藏、交替充氮气调储藏和常规储藏18个月,研究不同氮气气调浓度(90%、95%和98%)对玉米脂肪酸值的影响。结果表明:在20℃～30℃的条件下,维持90%以上或交替充氮的氮气气调方式都可以延缓玉米脂肪酸的增加;交替充氮延缓玉米脂肪酸增加的效果没有连续维持的效果好;氮气气调储藏启封后,玉米的脂肪酸值不会发生影响。可为粮库根据不同水分的玉米,需要控制的脂肪酸值增加值来选择合适的储藏方式(控温、充氮方式等)提供基础数据。     

25℃条件下不同水分玉米对储藏环境中气体浓度变化的影响研究

通过对3种不同水分(偏低水分11.8%、安全水分13.3%和偏高水分16.3%)的玉米在25℃条件下,储藏密闭环境内N2、O2和CO2浓度变化的测定,研究密闭储藏环境条件下玉米粮粒周围环境气体成分浓度的变化规律。20L规模的实验室研究结果表明:不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中N2浓度随时间的变化均不大;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中O2浓度与储藏时间呈负相关,偏低水分和安全水分玉米储藏环境中O2浓度随时间变化趋势基本无差异,偏高水分玉米储藏环境中O2浓度在各时间段均明显低于偏低水分和安全水分玉米,并且这种差异达极显著水平;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中CO2浓度与储藏时间呈正相关,其中储藏环境中CO2浓度在各时间段的大小为:偏低水分玉米安全水分玉米偏高水分玉米,且偏低水分和安全水分、安全水分和偏高水分间的差异达到显著水平,偏低水分和偏高水分间的差异达极显著水平;不同水分玉米密闭储藏环境中CO2的累积量在有氧呼吸阶段随耗O2量增加而增加,在无氧呼吸阶段CO2累积量和耗O2量无关。通过对玉米密闭储藏环境中气体浓度以及耗氧量和CO2累积量随时间的变化趋势线进行回归分析,得到25℃条件下不同水分玉米密闭环境中N2、O2和CO2的回归方程以及耗氧量和CO2累积量的回归方程,利用相应回归方程,可获得玉米在密闭储藏时环境中不同储藏时间段的气体浓度,为气调储藏时玉米粮粒自呼吸的合理利用提供基础技术参数和数据模型。     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.