大米的冷冻

对改善陈米品质和适口性的方法进行了研究和试验。将陈化粳米用水喷洒,使其水分由13％～14％增至14％～17．3％。然后用硫黄（2．5g／kg）对大米熏蒸10～60min,包装后置于0～－3℃下储藏5～7天。经处理的大米品质即总的含糖量、醛量、白度、粘度和适口性与未处理陈米进行了比     

磷化氢熏蒸预防高水分大米发热及应急处理高水分发热大米的试验

近年来，随着粮食经营的逐步搞活，从外省调入广东的大米越来越多，高水分大米也随之增加。每年第一季度从江西、湖北等地调入广东的晚舢大米，水分一般都在14％～16％，有的甚至达18％。由于广东的气温和湿度相对较高，如不采取适当的措施保藏，随着仓温的上升，大米很快就会发热和劣变，直接影响大米的品质和销售价格。因此，如何采取有效措施防止高水分大米发热，或者将高水分发热大米的粮温降下来，已成为粮食经营者为确保经营效益而急需解决的一个重要课题。我们结合工作实际做了用磷化氢熏蒸预防高水分大米发热和磷化氢应急处理高水分…     

南方高温、高湿地区储藏偏高水分稻谷实仓试验报告

针对入仓平均水分15．6％的稻谷，在充分利用“四合一”储粮技术装备和现有仓房条件的基础上，通过采取积极有效的控温、降湿措施，有效抑制了粮堆内的湿热扩散和水分转移，并及时利用高浓度PH3进行熏蒸抑茵、杀虫，确保了偏高水分稻谷安全度夏。同时，储藏一年后稻谷平均水分仍控制在14．5％以上，实现了偏高水分稻谷在南方高温、高湿地区的安全储藏。     

高水分粮安全度夏试验报告

对水分为15．3％和14．2％的两仓粮食进行高水分粮安全度夏试验，试验结果表明。通过采取一系列措施，两试验仓的高水分粮都能够安全度夏，色泽、气味正常，没有发生品质劣变现象。1号仓粮食水分自然下降1％，35号仓粮食水分自然下降0.7％。     

灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦碳氮代谢、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为了研究灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦碳氮代谢、产量及水分利用效率的影响,以5个黄淮海主栽冬小麦品种为材料,在田间进行试验,分析了灌水次数对冬小麦可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量及全氮含量的调控效应。结果表明：随着灌水次数的减少,硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖和全氮含量、可溶性糖转运率均降低,碳氮比增加,穗粒数、千粒质量和单位面积穗数降低,花后14 d之后可溶性蛋白含量呈降低趋势;与正常灌水（ W3）相比,灌2次水（W2）和灌1次水（W1）分别减产11．37％和30．80％,其中周麦18减产最大为14．69％和37．44％,矮抗58减产最少为9．19％和26．97％;W3、W2处理下周麦18的水分利用效率最大,分别为27．6,28．9 kg/（hm2· mm）,豫农202最小,分别为21．8,23．9 kg/（hm2· mm）,在W1处理下矮抗58的水分利用效率最大（26．1 kg/（hm2· mm））,豫农202最小（21．5 kg/（hm2· mm））。5个冬小麦抗旱指数表现为矮抗58＞郑麦366＞豫麦49＞豫农202＞周麦18。     

寿阳旱作区高产、高效用水玉米品种引选研究

在寿阳旱作区对引自热量资源相近地区的优良玉米杂交种，以高产和高效用水为目标，进行了品种筛选试验。结果表明：东农250、龙单23和四早113在寿阳旱作区具有很好的适应性，3个杂交种平均产量比寿阳旱作区的主栽品种烟单14高17．1％，比四单19高18．6％，比中单2号高43．5％；水分利用效率比烟单14略高（1．5％），比四单19高12．2％，比中单2号高53．6％，表现出高产、高效用水的显著特点。但寿阳早作区目前生产中应用的玉米品种粒重较低，已成为产量进一步提高的主要制约因素。因此，今后玉米品种的选择和栽培措施的运筹，重点应放在牡重的提高上。     

高水分晚籼稻谷降水控温过夏保管试验

新收获的晚籼稻谷,由于水分较高,采取包打围临时储存,并利用通风网络（三机三风道）先行降水后,再转仓到高大平房仓进行第二次通风降水,夏季采取仓内空调制冷、仓外谷物冷却机补充冷源的方式,使晚籼稻谷由原始平均水分16．5％降至14．5％。且安全过夏。与烘干或整晒费用相比,能增收节支,实现高水分稻谷控温储藏,提高了企业综合经济效益。     

高大平房仓“半安全晚粳稻谷”低温通风降水度夏技术探索

主要针对南方高温高湿地区不耐储晚粳稻谷(水分14．6％～15．5％)的情况，使高大平房仓实现低温度夏安全储藏，并综合应用“四合一”储粮技术，保持储粮新鲜品质。     

花生喷施丰满乐液肥增产效果试验

在豫东砂土区夏播花生产量水平200kg667m^2左右的生产条件下，花生开花下针以后(7月10日-8月21日)喷施1.25％浓度的丰满乐液肥1～4次，单株结果数增加0．3～2．5个(平均1．7个)，单株花生果干重增加0．9—5．2g(平均2．9g)，百果重提高1．9～8．7g(平均5．6g)，增产花生果13．8～45．8kg／667m^2，增产幅度为8．2％～27．3％(平均19％)，平均增产值略超过70元／667m^2。在同样的生产、生态及技术条件下。丰满乐的增产效应好于其它液肥。花生应用丰满乐液肥以喷施3次更为经济合理。     

高水分小麦安全储藏试验

利用自然通风降水、倒仓均衡水分、PH3缓释熏蒸等方法，使小麦水分从14．8％～17．99／5降至12．59／6～13．0％，粮食品质正常，有利于达到安全储藏的目的。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.