Present investigation of PTEN gene in cardiovascular system

PTEN gene, identified in 1997 and named after the separation, was a new candidate tumor suppressor gene. The mutations of PTEN gene, loss of heterozygosity in human tumors are prevalent, such as malignant glioma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc. The mutation frequency of PTEN is equivalent to p53. As an important functional element and a tumor suppressor gene, most scholars agree that PTEN gene is as important as p53. At present, studies on the PTEN gene mainly concentrated in the tumor area, its functions in the cardiovascular system are few reports. This article reviews the investigation of PTEN gene in the cardiovascular system.     

甜瓜再生体系研究进展

20世纪70年代以来,以细胞工程和基因工程为主题的现代生物技术应用于作物品种改良,把育种技术从宏观水平提高到微观水平,为品种改良提供了一条全新途径。在甜瓜品种改良过程中,建立高效的甜瓜再生体系是甜瓜细胞工程和基因工程中的关键性基础工作。对甜瓜进行遗传转化研究首先要建立一套甜瓜的离体再生体系。文章综述了甜瓜再生体系建立的过程中,外植体基因型、部位、生理年龄、培养基组成、激素种类和浓度等主要因素对植株再生的影响,分析了目前甜瓜再生体系在建立中存在的问题,并展望了再生体系技术的应用前景,旨在为甜瓜再生体系的研究提供理论依据。     

菜薹BrNAP克隆及其在采后叶片衰老中的功能分析

在菜薹(Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)中克隆Br NAP1并分析其功能。Br NAP1编码区全长813 bp,编码270个氨基酸,具有NAP转录因子特有的保守结构域,属于NAP亚家族成员。Br NAP1表达量与叶片衰老程度呈正相关且受ABA诱导表达上调。亚细胞定位试验表明Br NAP1定位于细胞核。互补试验显示Br NAP1能使拟南芥atnap滞绿表型回复至野生型,过表达则能引起采后叶片早衰。双荧光素酶试验表明Br NAP1能够激活Br SAG113表达。这些说明Br NAP1是菜薹采后叶片衰老的正调控基因。     

Progress in function of HDL-eNOS signaling pathway in cardiovascular system and it's influencing factors

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is negatively related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that HDL activates a variety of target cells, such as vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, and activates the related cell signaling pathway to exert an anti-atherosclerosis role. HDL is a complex substance which composes of multiple particles. The changes of many factors affect the characteristics and functions of HDL, and then affect the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).This paper summarizes the recent correlation studies, and expounds the related factors that affect the HDL-eNOS signaling pathway.     

Down-regulation of glutamyl cysteine cystathionine-lyase/hydrogen sulfide system in rat cardiovascular calcification

AIM：To observe the changes of cystathionine-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) in vivo in vascular calcification and to explore the role of CSE/H2S in vascular calcification.METHODS：Vascular calcification model in rats was induced by administration of vitamin D3 plus nicotine.The extent of calcification was estimated by assaying calcium content.［45Ca2+］ deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were detected.CSE mRNA amount was determined by using competitive quantitative RT-PCR.The content of H2S and activity of CSE in the plasma and cardiovascular tissues were also determined with biochemical methods.RESULTS：Calcium content in myocardium increased by 3.8 folds in a calcification model.Compared to control,calcium content,［45Ca2+］ accumulation and ALP activity in calcified arteries increased by 6.8,1.4,and 1.9 folds,respectively (P＜0.01).H2S contents in plasma,myocardium and aorta were 39%,39% and 31% lower than those in control group (P＜0.01).The gene expression of CSE was down-regulated in myocardium and aorta.Compared to control group,the amount of CSE mRNA in myocardium and calcified aorta were decreased by 28% and 36%,respectively (P＜0.01).The activity of CSE was 56% and 53% lower than that in control (P<0.01).CONCLUSION：The production of H2S,the gene expression and activity of CSE are down-regulated in the cardiovascular calcification,suggesting that the decrease in H2S production plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification.     

Research progress of intestinal immune system and diabetes mellitus

The intestinal immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The transplantation of mesenteric lymphocytes can transmit diabetes, which indicates the islet-damaging T cells may be derived from the intestine. Intestinal virus infection, oral gluten antigen and intestinal flora changes are associated with diabetes. The immune cells in gut including T cells, macrophage, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and so on are also confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, intestinal immune system influences the occurrence and development of diabetes by modulating the intestinal barrier permeability, the expression of pattern recognition receptors, the changes of incretin and the damage of immune tolerance. The induction of gut immune tolerance and regulation of intestinal flora for the treatment of diabetes have also been widespread concerned. This article summarizes the research progress on the relation of diabetes and intestinal immune system, and also briefly introduces the development of the intestine immune therapy.     

The role of ATP- sensitive K+ channels in the cardiovascular system

15 years ago, Noma first applicated the patch clamp technique to CN-treated mamammalian heart cells, e-vealed specific K⁺ channels which were depressed by intracellular ATP at level greater than 1 mNl.He suggested the ATP-sensitive channels are important for regulating cellular energy metabolism in the control of membrane exitability. Recent studies supported the hypothesis and suggested that ATP- sensitive channels play an important role in hypoxia, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and is chemic preconditioning     

Expression of calcium sensing receptor during ischemia/reperfusion myocardial damage and relationship between CaSR and injury of myocardium

AIM: To investigate the expression of calcium sensing receptor(CaSR) during myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion and disclose the relationship between CaSR and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: The experimental model was established by the 30 min ligating and 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h reperfusing the left descending coronary artery (LAD) in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h groups (I/R 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h group). CaSR mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Left ventricular function was recorded. The levels of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The change of ultrastructure in the ischemia/reperfusion myocardium of rats was observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: LVSP,±dp/dtmax and SOD activity decreased gradually with the reperfusion time prolonged. LDH and MDA peaked at 2 h. The ultramicro-structural injury at the 1 h and 2 h was more serious than that at 4 h and 6 h. The expression of CaSR increased significantly after reperfusion of 1 h and 2 h, and decreased after 4 h and 6 h. CONCLUSION: The increased expression of CaSR mRNA and serious injure of myocardium were observed. CaSR may be associated with the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

Protective effects and mechanism of heat shock response on cardiovascular system in rats after heat exposure

AIM:To study protective effects and mechanism of heat shock response (HSR) on cardiovascular system in rats after heat exposure.METHODS:The study was divided into 2 experiments:①Protective effects of HSR on cardiovascular system in rats after heat exposure.SD rats randomly allocated into 2 groups:heat shock group (HS group), sham control group(SC group).HS group were treated with heat shock, but SC group weren't.After re-covering for 20 h at room temperature, two groups exposed to death in thermal environment, and blood pressure and elec-trocardiogram were measured continuously.Through Chart software mean arterial pressure(MAP), existent time etc were acquired.②SD male rats randomly allocated into 3 groups:HS group, SC group and normal temperature control group(NC group).NC group weren't treated.The treatment in HS and SC group was identical with in the first experiment, but it would be terminated at 73 min after heat exposure, meanwhile content of MDA of myocardium were measured.RESULTS:① Existent time in HS group was longer than that in SC group and shock arrived later; ② During earlier period after heat exposure MAP had no significant changes between HS and SC group, but after 60 mins MAP in HS group were higher than that in SC group; ③ Compared with NC group, content of MDA in myocardium in SC group was higher significantly at 73 min after heat exposure. Howerer, content of MDA in HS group was lower than in SC group, and had no significant changes with NC group.CONCLUSION:Through decreasing production of MDA in myocardium, HSR has a protective effect on cardiovascular system in rats after heat exposure.     

Regulating autonomic nerve system: a new field of anti-inflammatory therapy for cardiovascular diseases

The role of chronic inflammation and autonomic neuropathy in the crucial underlying process contributing to the initiation and the progression of various cardiovascular diseases is well established. It is well known that the immune system is innervated by the autonomic nervous system, and the inflammatory reaction and immune reaction are re-gulated by the autonomic nerve system. Vagus nerve depresses inflammatory reaction via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAP), while sympathetic nervous system has bidirectional regulation of pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation, which are affected by several factors such as the concentration of neurotransmitters or types of receptors. In this paper, we reviewed different effects of CAP and sympathetic nervous system on cardiovascular inflammatory reaction. Activation of CAP and regaining normal sympathetic function will improve the chronic inflammation in the process of cardiovascular diseases. Low-toxic and selective α7nAchR agonist is expected to be applied in cardiovascular diseases to alleviate chronic inflammation.     

果园绿肥对果树-土壤-微生物系统影响研究进展

绿肥覆盖是有效改善生态环境,提高果园土壤质量,减少水土流失,增加土壤养分含量,改善土壤微生物群落的重要管理措施.我国果树生产长期大量使用化肥,造成土壤质量下降,果树生长受阻,果品质量降低.为缓解上述问题,国家开始全面推行果园、茶园绿肥有机肥代替化肥.综述了国内外1981-2020年果园绿肥对果树生长及果品、果树病害、果...     

Roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases

Mitochondria are important organelles of energy generation in eukaryocytes and play a pivotal role in cell calcium homeostasis, signal transduction and apoptotic regulation. The possible causes leading to mitochondrial dysfunction include oxidative stress, Ca2+ disorder, reduction of mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitochondrial DNA mutations, all of which are also closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mitochondrial dysfunction and its important role in cardiovascular diseases are very significant for elucidating the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases.     

Progress in role of lncRNA in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are closely related to proliferation, injury and apoptosis of the cells in the cardiovascular system. For instance, endothelial cells play an important role in the pathogenic process of hypertension and atherosclerosis, and smooth muscle cells and monocytes/macrophages involve in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, it has been confirmed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulates proliferation, apoptosis, injury, autophagy and differentiation of the cells by a series of regulatory mechanisms, thus participating in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This article is to review the recent research progress on the function of lncRNAs and their regulatory roles in the cardiovascular diseases at cellular and molecular levels.     

Progress of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease

The morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have been continually on the rise globally. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important complication of CKD and the leading cause of death in CKD. CKD and CVD interact on each other and seriously affect the outcome and life quality of the CKD patients. We summarized the pathogenesis of CVD complications in CKD and clarified the association in cardiorenal syndrome.     

萝卜硫代葡萄糖苷的研究进展

硫代葡萄糖苷是一种广泛存在于十字花科植物中含硫和氮的次生代谢产物.萝卜中硫代葡萄糖苷含量较高且种类丰富,其中4-甲硫基-3-丁烯基硫苷(glucoraphasatin,GRH)含量最高.硫代葡萄糖苷经黑芥子酶降解可产生高生物活性的降解产物,如硫氰酸酯,异硫氰酸酯和腈等.上述硫代葡萄糖苷及其降解产物在植物病虫害防御、食品...     

Research progress in guanylin family

Guanylin family, described in recent 10 years, is a series of small peptides (including guanylin, uroguanylin and lymphoguanylin) with structural and functional similarities to heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) elaborated by various pathogenic bacteria. They are abundance of cysteines and are endogenous activators of guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C) receptors. Immunoreactive guanylin family peptides are localized in many human organs and tissues, especially in gastrointestinal tract and kidney, and play an important role in regulation of water and salt homeostasis. Recent studies showed that the mRNA levels of guanylin family peptides were down-regulated in colorectal cancers; oral intake of uroguanylin might suppress polyp formation in Apc(Min/+) mouse, and ¹¹¹In-labeled-ST peptide analog might specifically target human colon cancers. These evidences highlight that guanylin family may have a potential application in diagnosis and therapy effects of colorectal cancers.     

茶树钙素营养研究进展

综述了近年来茶树钙素的国内外研究进展,包括茶树对钙的吸收利用、茶树体内钙含量及分布、茶园土壤钙含量及影响因素、茶树缺钙及钙中毒的诊断及茶园中钙肥的施用等,以期为更深入的茶树钙营养研究提供参考。     

西瓜抗病毒病研究进展

西瓜是消暑佳果,为葫芦科重要的经济作物之一,我国的西瓜种植面积和产量均处于世界第一位.植物病毒病素有植物"癌症"之称,病毒复制速度快且能破坏寄主免疫功能,一旦发病则损失严重.病毒病可使西瓜叶片皱缩、植株矮化,严重影响果实发育、造成果实产量和品质下降甚至绝收,是危害西瓜生长的重要病害之一,在生产中以预防为主.综述了西瓜抗...     

Research progress in rebound depolarization of neurons

Rebound depolarization is a special phenomenon of the neurons which generates action potential followed by a hyperpolarization stimulation. It can be recorded in many kinds of neurons and is the intrinsic membrane characteristic of them. Rebound depolarization plays an important role in regulating the firing pattern, rhythmic activity and sy-naptic plasticity of neurons. This review focuses on the basic characteristics, the function and mechanism of the rebound depolarization in physiological and pathological conditions, which provides reference for the clinical treatment of rebound depolarization-related diseases.