Study on Muscle Fiber Types and Meat Quality Traits of Chinese Simmental Cattle

The aim of this test was to study muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality traits of Chinese Simmental cattle.Ten Chinese Simmental bulls were selected and longissimus dorsi,psoas major and semitendinosus were collected.Histological characteristics,pH,water holding capacity,shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA) were measured.The results showed that the diameter of these muscle fibers increased in the rank order type Ⅰ < ⅡA < ⅡB.The number and area percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber were highest in longissimus dorsi and that of ⅡB muscle fiber was highest in psoas major and semitendinosus.Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus had lower pH,springiness,pressing lossing rate and higher shear force,hardness and resilience comparing with psoas major.In conclusion,muscle fiber characteristics could affect meat quality,especially textural properties of Chinese Simmental bulls.Increasing the percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber and decreasing ⅡB type could improve beef tenderness.     

猪肌纤维类型与肉品质特性及影响猪肌纤维类型转化的研究进展

肌纤维是构成肌肉组织的基本结构单位,其类型组成与pH、肉色、嫩度和肌内脂肪含量等猪肉品质指标密切相关,且肌纤维类型在生长发育、营养因素和环境因素等条件下会发生转化,进而影响猪肉品质.近年来对肌纤维类型及其转化的研究逐渐成为热点,本文综述了猪肌纤维类型与肉品质特性及影响猪肌纤维类型转化的因素,以期为猪肌纤维类型及其转化的...     

肉用西门塔尔牛与和牛杂交群体的肉品质分析

本研究旨在对肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体进行肉质性状比较,以期为肉品质性状遗传机制剖析及优质肉牛培育提供理论指导。收集肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体肉质性状表型数据,包括眼肌面积、剪切力、系水力、pH、肉色、脂肪颜色和大理石花纹等指标,进行相关性及差异性分析,从而综合评价两群体的肉品质。结果显示,两群体的脂肪颜色、系水力及剪切力呈现两两正相关;肉色与脂肪颜色、pH呈正相关,且肉色与pH呈显著相关（P < 0.05）,而系水力与pH、肉色和大理石花纹呈负相关。在两试验群体间,和牛杂交群体的大理石花纹、眼肌面积、pH性状表现为极显著优于肉用西门塔尔牛（P < 0.01）。从性别比较来看,肉用西门塔尔牛母牛在大理石花纹、pH、剪切力等性状上极显著或显著优于公牛（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而和牛杂交群体母牛的肉色和剪切力性状表现为显著或极显著高于公牛（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）。总体而言,和牛杂交群体的肉质性能优于肉用西门塔尔牛;群体内比较表明,肉用西门塔尔牛群体母牛肉质性能优于公牛,而和牛杂交群体母牛肉质性能低于公牛。     

中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉组织学和理化特性的研究

本试验对中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉（冈上肌、冈下肌和臂三头肌）进行组织学特性研究和理化指标的测定。结果表明,不同肌肉因素对肉品的颜色、pH、失水率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对剪切力、脂肪、蛋白质、水分、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度和肌纤维横截面积有着显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响。研究丰富了中国西门塔尔牛前肢肌肉肉品品质性状的数据资料。     

中国西门塔尔牛开放核心群选育研究

根据现代育种理论，通过人工授精（AI）和胚胎移植（ET）等生物技术结合计算机育种，建立中国西门塔尔牛开放核心育种体系（ONBS）。     

肌纤维特性与肉品质关系的研究进展

1肌纤维的特性1.1肌纤维的发育规律家禽中肌纤维的形成分为2个阶段:孵化阶段和出生以后。在孵化阶段,主要是成肌细胞也就是肌纤维前体细胞增殖,然后融合形成肌肉管,最后分化形成肌纤维。在鸟类中,肌纤维总数在出雏前就已经确定,出生以后肌肉量的增加主要是靠已有     

纯种日本和牛与西门塔尔杂交牛与西门塔尔牛肉品质对比分析

[目的]旨在研究和牛杂交牛(日本和牛♀×西门塔尔牛♂)与西门塔尔牛的肉品质性能。[方法]选择相同月龄、体重相近的和牛杂交牛和西门塔尔牛各5头,屠宰后选取背最长肌分析肉品质特性。[结果]结果表明,和牛杂交牛的粗脂肪显著高于西门塔尔牛(P0.05);粗蛋白、成人必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸相比西门塔尔牛表现出良好的优势(P0.05);饱和脂肪酸含量降低,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量相比西门塔尔牛有所升高(P0.05)。[结论]说明和牛杂交牛具有较好的营养价值,其肉品质略优于西门塔尔牛。     

中国西门塔尔牛产奶性状与微卫星标记相关分析

利用微卫星技术对中国西门塔尔牛育种核心群中152头母牛第6号染色体上9个微卫星位点进行了研究,检测其基因型,利用SAS程序下的GLM,对8个微卫星位点进行产奶性状关系的最小二乘方差分析,找出各位点对产奶性状的影响差异。同时,在一些位点上找到对产奶性状有利的基因型。     

中国西门塔尔牛育种效果分析

采用6个国家级种畜场1980～2000年间的数据对中国西门塔尔牛21年来的育种效果进行分析。对主要性状的遗传力、遗传相关进行了估计．并计算出总性能指数。所有性状均采用动物模型并利用MT-DFREML(多性状非求导)软件进行分析。     

去势对西门塔尔牛不同部位牛肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究去势对西门塔尔牛胴体不同部位牛肉品质的影响。试验选取50头健康、16月龄的西门塔尔公牛,经药物驱虫后,依据体重进行单因素配对试验设计。结果显示,未去势组的pH为辣椒条 >腹肉 >臀肉 >外脊 >米龙,辣椒条的pH比外脊和米龙高3.88%和5.35%(P<0.01),比臀肉高2.29%(P<0.05);腹肉和臀肉的pH分别比米龙高3.30%和2.99%,差异极显著(P<0.01);去势组的pH为腹肉 >辣椒条 >外脊 >臀肉 >米龙,腹肉的pH比米龙高4.33%(P<0.01),比臀肉高2.36%(P<0.05);辣椒条的pH比米龙高3.37%,差异显著(P<0.05)。未去势组的脂肪含量为腹肉 >外脊 >臀肉 >辣椒条 >米龙,各部位间的脂肪含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);去势组的脂肪含量为腹肉 >臀肉 >外脊 >辣椒条 >米龙,腹肉的脂肪含量比外脊、辣椒条和米龙高82.81%、132.59%和196.02%,差异显著(P<0.05)。未去势组的灰分含量为米龙>外脊 >臀肉 >腹肉 >辣椒条,米龙的灰分含量比辣椒条高21.90%,差异显著(P<0.05);去势组的灰分含量为辣椒条≥外脊 >米龙 >臀肉 >腹肉,辣椒条和外脊的灰分含量分别比腹肉高30.60%和30.60%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。去势组和未去势组胴体各部位的剪切力、蒸煮损失、蛋白质含量、失水率、肌红蛋白和干物质含量的组内统计差异相似。结果表明去势对胴体各部位的脂肪沉积能力有调节作用,对除米龙外其他部位pH有影响,对胴体各部位灰分含量有影响;去势对胴体各部位的剪切力、蒸煮损失、蛋白质含量、持水性、肉色和干物质含量的影响无明显差异。     

Influence of Castration on Meat Quality in Different Parts of Simmental Cattle

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of castration on meat quality in different parts of Simmental cattle.50 healthy Simmental cattle(16 month) were used in a paired design of single factor by body weight.The pH values of uncastrated group in different parts showed chuck tender >thin flank >rump >striploin >topside, the pH values of chuck tender was higher than striploin, topside and rump 3.88%(P<0.01), 5.35%(P<0.01) and 2.29%(P<0.05), respectively;The pH values of thin flank and rump were higher than topside 3.30% and 2.99%, respectively, the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).The pH values of castrated group in different parts showed thin flank >chuck tender >striploin >rump >topside.The pH values of thin flank was higher than topside and rump 4.33%(P<0.01) and 2.36%(P<0.05), The pH values of chuck tender was higher than topside 3.37%, the difference was significant(P<0.05).The fat content of uncastrated group in different parts showed thin flank >striploin >rump >chuck tender >topside, there were no significant difference(P>0.05).The fat content of castrated group in different parts showed thin flank >rump >striploin >chuck tender >topside, the fat content of thin flank were higher than striploin, chuck tender and topside 82.81%, 132.59% and 196.02%, respectively, the difference were significant(P<0.05).The ash content of uncastrated group in different parts showed topside >striploin >rump >thin flank>chuck tender.The ash content of topside was higher than chuck tender 21.90%, the difference were significant(P<0.05).The ash content of castrated group in different parts showed chuck tender ≥ striploin >topside >rump >thin flank.The ash content of chuck tender and striploin were higher than thin flank 30.60% and 30.60%, respectively, the difference were extremely significant(P<0.01).The shear stress, cooking loss, protein content, water loss rate, myoglobin and dry matter content in different parts of castrated group and uncastrated group had an similar statistics difference.The results suggested that the castration might regulate the fat deposition in difference parts of carcass, influence the pH value in difference parts of carcass expert topside, influence the ash content in difference parts of carcass;there were no statistics difference with the castration on shear stress, cooking loss, protein content, water loss rate, myoglobin and dry matter content in difference parts of carcass.     

肌纤维类型与猪肉品质的关系

作者阐述了几个品种猪肌纤维类型的组织学染色测定差异,以及不同方法测定条件下肌纤维类型的代谢和收缩特性。采用组织学方法所得肌纤维亚型结果不同,致使不同试验报道的肌纤维类型与猪肉品质关系缺乏应有的联系。此外,MyoD家族基因的表达与猪肉不同肌纤维类型的关系已经建立。     

中国西门塔尔牛血管生成素样蛋白3基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联性分析

本研究旨在分析血管生成素样蛋白3(angiopoietin-like protein 3,ANGPTL3)基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)及其与中国西门塔尔牛肉质性状的关联性,寻找可用于辅助选择的分子标记。随机选取饲养条件相同的98头中国西门塔尔牛为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合DNA测序技术检测ANGPTL3基因的SNP。运用SPSS 19.0软件对ANGPTL3基因的不同基因型与肉质性状进行关联性分析。经测序发现,ANGPTL3基因外显子4中存在1个突变位点G7358C,存在2种基因型:CD、DD。关联性分析结果表明,G7358C突变位点的不同基因型与胴体脂肪覆盖率、眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和大理石花纹差异显著相关(P0.05),CC基因型个体胴体脂肪覆盖率、眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和大理石花纹显著高于CD基因型个体(P0.05)。试验结果表明,G7358C位点的CC基因型为优势基因型,与胴体脂肪覆盖率、眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和大理石花纹等肉用性状有相关性,ANGPTL3基因有望作为分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。     

Selection of Objective Traits and Estimation of Economic Weights for Chinese Simmental Beef Cattle

In order to breed a beef line in Chinese Simmental cattle,this research defined breeding objective traits and selected traits according to real breeding condition of Chinese Simmental beef cattle.Using the balance method to calculate the marginal benefit of each objective trait and getting the corresponding economic weight of breeding objective traits through the standard value of the error corrected marginal benefit of breeding objective traits.The results showed that breeding objective traits mainly included growth traits (including weaning weight,fattening daily gain,18th month weight),carcass traits (including carcass quality,dressing percentage,pure meat percentage) as well as reproductive traits (including age at first calving,calving interval,stay group time).In the current market and production conditions,the marginal benefit of the breeding objective traits were 17.93 yuan/kg,16.2 yuan/kg,7.17 yuan/kg,297.99 yuan/grade,497.82 yuan/%,594.46 yuan/%,-3.62 yuan/d,-26.55 yuan/d and 232.75 yuan/y,respectively,and the ratio of relative economic weights of three kinds of traits was 31.49%:15.86%:52.65%,similar to 2:1:3,and reproductive traits occupied larger economic weight,was better than growth traits and carcass traits.The results indicated that reproductive traits played an important role in the process of breeding in Chinese Simmental beef cattle,and we needed to strengthen the selection of reproductive traits.     

中国西门塔尔牛CAPN1基因SNPs及其与经济性状关联分析

本研究旨在分析CAPN1基因部分SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛经济性状的关联性.试验选取同龄、同场的135头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用PCR-RFLP方法检测CAPN1 316和CAPN1 4751 2个SNPs位点的多态性,并进行方差分析.结果发现,CAPN1 316 SNP位点与大理石花纹显著相关(P＜0.05),杂合子AB基因型个体的大理石纹评分显著高于AA和BB基因型个体(P＜0.05);CAPN1 4751位点与大理石花纹和剪切力显著相关(P＜0.05),大理石花纹性状中杂合子AB基因型个体评分显著高于AA基因型个体,剪切力性状中BB基因型个体显著高于AA基因型个体.结果表明,CAPN1 316和CAPN1 4751位点适合用于中国西门塔尔牛眼肌、肌肉大理石花纹的分子标记选择.     

中国肉用西门塔尔牛育种目标性状的选择及其经济权重的测算

为了选育中国西门塔尔牛肉用品系,本研究从中国肉用西门塔尔牛育种实践出发,确定了适应当前中国肉用西门塔尔牛的育种目标性状和选择性状。采用差额法计算出各目标性状的边际效益,并通过各目标性状表型值的遗传标准差校正边际效益,得到相应育种目标性状的经济权重。结果表明,中国肉用西门塔尔牛近期的育种目标性状主要包括生长发育性状（断奶重、育肥期日增重、18月龄体重）、胴体性状（胴体品质、屠宰率、净肉率）及繁殖性状（初产年龄、产犊间隔和留群时间）。在现有市场和生产条件下,上述育种目标性状的边际效益分别为17.93元/kg、16.2元/kg、7.17元/kg、297.99元/级、497.82元/%、594.46元/%、-3.62元/d、-26.55元/d、232.75元/y,3类性状中生长发育性状、胴体性状及繁殖性状的经济权重之比为31.49%：15.86%：52.65%,约为2：1：3,繁殖性状占总经济权重最高,其次是生长发育性状和胴体性状。综上所述,在中国肉用西门塔尔牛育种过程中,繁殖性状具有最重要的地位,需加强繁殖性状的选择力度。