一株鸡马立克氏病毒的分离鉴定及其主要致病基因分析

吉林省某地区鸡马立克氏病（MD）疫苗免疫鸡群暴发MD,从发病鸡羽髓中分离到一株适应鸡胚成纤维细胞生长的马立克氏病毒（MDV）。该毒株感染无特定病原体（SPF）鸡可引起典型的MD临床症状：对非免疫鸡和火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）疫苗免疫鸡的致病率分别为76％和72％,二者无显著差异,表明HVT疫苗对该毒株不能提供有效保护。通过对该毒株病毒基因组中132bp重复序列、meq基因的核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列分析,发现该毒株的132bp重复序列的拷贝数、meq基因的变异符合高毒力MDV毒株的特点。     

一例肉种鸡马立克氏病的诊断

为确定一发生肿瘤性疾病肉种鸡场的致病原因,通过PCR检测、病理组织学检查查找致病病原。PCR检测禽白血病病毒、网状内皮组织增生病病毒阴性,马立克氏病病毒(MDV)阳性;肝脏组织淋巴细胞呈浸润式生长,增生的多形淋巴细胞有明显的核分裂相。通过鸡胚成纤维细胞从发病鸡的外周血中分离到MDV,对分离毒株病毒基因组中132 bp重复序列、Meq基因核苷酸序列分析,发现分离到的毒株符合MDV强毒株特征。结果表明,MDV强毒株是导致该肉种鸡场鸡群发病的致病原因。     

整合进禽反转录病毒长末端重复序列的马立克氏病病毒的分离鉴定

应用鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)从曾免疫过CVI988/Rispens株疫苗的患马立克氏病(MD)肿瘤的三黄鸡中分离到一株马立克氏病病毒(MDV,命名为GXY2株。用禽肿瘤病聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴别诊断技术对患鸡的肿瘤组织病料及克隆纯化毒株的DEF培养物进行检测,结果均扩增到MDV-1强毒株的132-bpr特异性带和网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)的长末端重复序列(LTR)。用基于抗MDV-1的gB蛋白单克隆抗体BA4、MEQ蛋白单克隆抗体3G12E6和抗REV的单克隆抗体11B118分别对毒株的培养物进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA),结果样品只与抗MDV-1的单克隆抗体呈现阳性反应,而与抗REV的单克隆抗体呈现阴性反应。应用PCR技术扩增并测定了毒株的致瘤相关基因meq的核苷酸序列,并与其他MDV-1参考毒株的序列进行比较分析,结果发现其序列与我们之前分离鉴定的MDV-1野强毒株G2和YL040920高度同源。研究的结果表明,分离株GXY2为整合有REVLTR片段的重组MDV强毒株。     

河南土鸡群马立克病病毒流行毒株的分离鉴定及分子进化分析

本研究旨在分离鉴定河南鸡群马立克病病毒(Marek’s disease virus,MDV)流行毒株,了解当前MDV分子进化特征并为鸡马立克病(MD)的有效防控提供参考。根据MDV基因组设计了meq、gE、gI、gB、pp38以及132-bp重复序列基因的特异性引物,应用PCR扩增和DNA测序分析对河南焦作土鸡群8份MD疑似病例进行了确诊,并通过鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)盲传培养和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)分离鉴定了3个流行毒株,分别命名为HNJZ101、HNJZ102和HNJZ103。结果显示,3个MDV分离株均为血清1型(MDV-1)毒株,未发生禽网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)共感染,并且132-bp重复序列基因均为双拷贝。meq、gE和gI基因核苷酸序列比对分析发现,临床病例样本及3个MDV新分离株的meq基因与国内外温和毒或疫苗毒株的meq基因核苷酸序列同源性仅为64.7%~78.8%,但与MDV强毒株的同源性高达98.9%~100.0%;gE和gI基因的核苷酸序列同源性均较高,分别为99.1%~99.9%和99.3%~100.0%。系统发生树分析结果表明,HNJZ101、HNJZ102和HNJZ103与绝大多数此前分离的河南毒株及国内MDV强毒株同处于一个大的进化分支。研究结果表明,3个分离株HNJZ101、HNJZ102和HNJZ103很可能是当前河南土鸡群中流行的致病性MDV-1毒株,其确切的致病型及导致免疫失败的原因仍有待进一步深入研究。     

超强马立克氏病病毒的鉴定及病毒Meq基因序列的比较

对1例感染超强马立克氏病病毒的病例进行确诊,对感染病毒的Meq基因进行比较分析。采用病理解剖、PCR检测、病毒分离、动物试验和Meq基因序列分析,对感染病毒进行研究。病理解剖结果为病死鸡的肝脏、脾脏、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠表现为肿瘤病变。PCR检测结果为病死鸡的组织病料感染马立克氏病病毒。病毒分离和动物试验结果证明该感染病毒是1株马立克氏病超强毒株,该病毒可以引起免疫过CVI988疫苗的鸡发病。Meq基因序列分析表明该病毒与7株马立克氏病病毒参考毒株的同源性为98.8%~99.6%,该病毒在Meq的第115、119和176位氨基酸突变同国内流行株,该检测病毒在Meq的第217位氨基酸突变同超超强马立克氏病毒株。结果表明,通过病理解剖、PCR检测、基因序列分析、病毒分离和动物试验,确诊病鸡感染超强马立克氏病病毒。     

免疫鸡感染马立克氏病病毒的诊断

采用细胞培养和免疫荧光试验从河南某种鸡场已免疫马立克氏病疫苗的产蛋期发病肉种鸡中成功分离到一株马立克氏病病毒,命名为MDV/He N15。用PCR方法对其pp38、meq和g B基因进行序列分析,与Gen Bank参考序列比较发现,分离株meq和pp38基因与Ⅰ型MDV毒株的同源性分别达到99.0%~99.8%和99.8%~100%,g B基因序列与参考株GX0101序列完全一致,基因上具有强毒特征。表明在免疫过疫苗的鸡群中仍然存在MDV强毒感染的风险。     

马立克氏病病毒致弱毒株的致病性及致瘤相关基因序列分析

为培育及鉴定马立克氏病病毒(MDV)致弱病毒株,本研究将4株现地流行MDV强毒株(L-ZY、L-CZ、L-MS和L-SY株),在体外经CEF连续传代至110代,获得相应的4株高代次病毒株(L-ZYp 110C、L-CZp110C、L-MSp110C和L-SYp110C株).其中的L-MSp110C和L-SYp110C株对SPF鸡的致病性试验结果显示:以2×103 pfu和2×104 pfu的剂量接种1日龄SPF鸡,在试验期(12周)内试验鸡均没有引起马立克氏病病变;高代次病毒株在体外增殖能力增强,而在体内增殖能力显著低于亲本病毒株.与亲本病毒株基因序列比对发现:4株高代次病毒株病毒基因组中Meq和RLORF 12基因均有不同程度的缺失和插入;132 bpr序列拷贝数均显著增加;其中3株病毒株的RLORF4基因存在大片段缺失.以上结果表明,MDV强毒株体外传代至110代后,病毒增殖能力和主要致瘤相关基因的遗传特性均发生了改变,致弱毒株的毒力已完全弱化.该研究为进一步筛选MD弱毒疫苗提供了实验依据.     

两株马立克病毒的分离鉴定及其主要致病基因分析

为了解国内鸡群马立克病毒(MDV)流行毒株的分子特征,采用细胞培养法对马立克病疑似病鸡抗凝血进行MDV分离,间接荧光法鉴定MDV血清型,PCR扩增分离病毒的meq和pp38两个主要致病基因,所得序列与MDV参考毒株的序列进行比对分析。结果显示,共分离鉴定出2株MDV I型毒株,分别命名为JS0316和JS0424。meq基因编码的氨基酸序列结果显示,2个MDV分离株缺乏弱毒疫苗株的特征(A71S、P194-),具有MDV强毒分离株的分子特征(D80Y、V115A、T139A、P176R和P217A)。同时,JS0316 Meq蛋白出现Q93R和V123A突变,pp38蛋白出现L98I和F240S突变,而JS0424 Meq蛋白出现P217T突变,pp38蛋白出现W67G和V210A突变。因此,2株MDV均具有国内流行强毒株的分子特征,同时存在新的基因突变。     

鸡马立克氏病病毒广西株Meq基因的克隆与序列分析

为研究鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)广西流行株的遗传变异情况,本研究从广西发病鸡中分离鉴定了3株MDV。参照GenBank中MDV的核苷酸序列设计1对引物,利用PCR技术对分离毒株的Meq基因进行了克隆、序列测定,并与GenBank中发表的国内外参考毒株进行比对分析。结果显示, Meq基因序列全长为1020 bp,编码一条由339个氨基酸组成的多肽,分离株与国内外MDV参考毒株相比,不同MDV株的Meq基因序列相对较保守,它们之间核苷酸同源性为83.8%~99.9%,氨基酸同源性为88.4%~99.6%。3株MDV分离株Meq基因在相关报道中提到的与毒力相关的脯氨酸重复区存在点突变。3株分离株与国内参考株YL、GXY2关系较近,与参考株RB1B、GA、Md5、648A及疫苗株亲缘关系较远。该研究为中国MDV的流行、遗传变异及防控研究提供了材料。     

3株马立克氏病病毒的分离鉴定及其主要致病基因分析

为了解国内鸡群马立克病(MD)毒株目前的流行情况,在我国3个已免疫MD疫苗的白羽肉种鸡场暴发MD的鸡群中,通过临床剖检,组织病理学变化,病毒分离,IFA检测从发病鸡的淋巴细胞中分离到3株马立克氏病毒(MDV),并分别命名为SDAU1501、SDAU1502和SDAU1503。采用PCR方法扩增3株MDV的vIL8、pp38、meq致病基因,所得氨基酸序列与已发表的参考毒株序列进行比较分析,结果显示SDAU1501和SDAU1502的致病基因与强毒株的同源性达到97%以上,具有强毒特征;而SDAU1503的meq基因在第194位具有与CVI988同样的缺失(P),但其没有CVI988中177个核苷酸的插入突变,其具有与弱毒疫苗株的特征。MDV新的变异在不断发生,出现了不同类型的变异株,因此,对MD的流行情况与基因监测应当继续下去;同时,在MDV疫苗的研制更新上还有待于进一步研究。     

Isolation and Identification of a Field Strain of Marek's Disease Virus and Analysis of Major Pathogenic Genes

In a certain area of Shandong province, Marek's disease (MD) occurred in diseased chickens that had been vaccinated by turkey herpesvirus.In order to isolate the virus strain and detect the virus pathogenicity, agar diffusion test, cell culture and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were used to isolate the Marek's virus from chicken's blood and feather marrow.The isolated strain was adapted to grow in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF).Genes involved in pathogenesis of MDV, such as meq, pp38 and 132 bp repeat sequence were amplified by PCR.The obtained sequences were compared with that of standard strains published in GenBank by DNAStar software.The results showed that pp38 gene of the SDAU-1 shared homology from 100% with standard virulent sequence.Analysis of 132 bp repeat sequence and meq gene sequences of the viral genome showed that the isolated virus belongs to the highly virulent MDV strains.     

马立克氏病病毒“814”疫苗株基因组重复区序列测定及分析

为了解马立克氏病病毒(MDV)强、弱毒株主要致肿瘤相关基因变异情况,本研究根据MDV GA株基因组序列,设计合成扩增基因组重复区的引物,得到MDV814疫苗株病毒基因组中约26kb的序列片段。与GenBank登录的强、弱毒株进行比较分析表明,扩增的MDV1型814疫苗株的长重复区为12774bp,预测的开放阅读框(ORF)有48个;短重复区为11426bp,预测的ORF有38个。发现了4个MDV814株特有的ORF。814株在编码Meq、RLORF6和23ku的重叠基因内具有类似于疫苗株CVI988的177bp的插入;在RLORF12基因编码区内存在69bp的缺失,该缺失位于病毒复制起始位点内。同时,发现7个814疫苗株特有的氨基酸突变,分布在6个ORF内。单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的鉴定发现,多个基因具有单核苷酸的突变,主要分布于Meq基因,其中氨基酸A115V(丙氨酸-缬氨酸),N142D(天冬酰胺-天门冬氨酸)的变异是814疫苗株所特有的。MDV814疫苗株重复区的基因序列的比较分析将有助于MDV致肿瘤机制的研究。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Meq Gene of Marek's Disease Virus Guangxi Strain

To investigate genetic variation of Marek's disease virus(MDV) in Guangxi province, three isolates of MDV were isolated from infected chicken.One pair of primers for amplifying Meq gene of MDV was designed according to nucleotide sequence in GenBank, Meq gene of the isolates were amplified by PCR, and then cloned, sequenced and compared with reference MDV strains published in GenBank.The results showed that Meq gene from all of the MDV isolates consisted of 1020 bp, coding for 339 amino acids.Compared with reference strains published in GenBank, the sequences of Meq gene in different isolates were relatively conserved and the homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the isolates were 83.8% to 99.9% and 88.4% to 99.6%, respectively.The proline-rich repeats of Meq gene of the MDV isolates had site mutations, and it was related to MDV's virulence.The isolate were nearly related to YL and GXY2, and far away from RB1B, GA, Md5, 648A and the immune strain phylogenetically.The study would provide research materials for the prevalence, genetic variation, protection and control of MDV in China.     

Genome analysis of Marek's disease virus strain CVI-988: effect of cell culture passage on the inverted repeat regions.

The genomes of different derivatives of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain CVI-988, a low oncogenic isolate of a serotype 1 MDV, were analyzed by restriction enzyme analyses to detect whether alterations occurred after passages in cell culture. DNA molecules of strain 988 isolated directly from blood cells contained mainly two copies of the 132-bp repeat sequence previously reported within BamH1-H and -D fragment as previously reported for more virulent MDV strains. Although a minority of virus particles showed repeat amplification was already at the fifth passage level, amplification mainly occurred between passages 17 and 34 in cell culture. In addition, a 400-bp deletion was detected within the BamH1-A fragment of two derivatives of CVI-988, 988C and 988C/R6.     

Selection of a recombinant Marek's disease virus in vivo through expression of the Marek's EcoRI-Q (Meq)-encoded oncoprotein: characterization of an rMd5-based mutant expressing the Meq of strain RB-1B

Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) caused by MD virus (MDV), characterized by paralysis, neurologic signs, and the rapid onset of T-cell lymphomas. MDV-induced T-cell transformation requires a basic leucine zipper protein called Marek's EcoRI-Q-encoded protein (Meq). We have identified mutations in the coding sequence of Meq that correlated with virus pathotype (virulent, very virulent, and very virulent plus). The aim of this study was to determine whether recombinant viruses could be isolated based on Meq expression through in vivo selection. Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) were cotransfected with an rMd5 strain-based Meq deletion virus (rMd5deltaMeq) and meq loci from strains representing different pathotypes of MDV. Transfected CEFs were inoculated into chickens in two independent studies. We were able to isolate a single recombinant virus, rMDV-1137, in a contact-exposed chicken. rMDV-1137 had recombined two copies of the meq gene of RB-1B and was found to have pathogenicity similar to both RB-1B and rMd5 parental strains. We found the RB-1B- and rMd5-induced lymphomas showed differences in composition and that rMDV-1137-induced lymphomas were intermediate in their composition. We were able to establish cell lines from both RB-1B- (MDCC-UD35, -UD37) and rMDV-1137 (MDCC-UD36, -UD38)-induced, but not rMd5-induced, lymphomas. To date, no rMd5- or parent Md5-transformed T-cell lines have been reported. Our results suggest that 1) a recombinant MDV can be selected on the basis of oncogenicity; 2) changes in Meq sequence seem to affect tumor composition and the ability to establish cell lines; and 3) in addition to meq, other genomic loci affect MDV pathogenicity and oncogenicity.     

猪瘟病毒低毒力毒株FJFQ株的分离鉴定

从福建某猪场分离到 1 株病毒,其在PK 15细胞上的毒价为 106.5 TCID50/mL,该病毒能被猪瘟病毒高免血清所中和(效价为1∶8)。通过 RT -PCR 扩增出猪瘟病毒约250 bp的E2蛋白主要抗原编码区序列,其与几株已发表毒株序列的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为79.9%~87.9%,77.7%~86.6%,与Alfort 株同属于基因二群。经本动物传3代均不表现明显的临床症状。用猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗免疫后以此分离毒作强攻进行免疫保护相关实验,结果免疫组猪在攻毒前及攻毒后扁桃体 HCFA检测均为阴性,对照组猪扁桃体HCFA于攻毒后1周开始出现阳性结果,且一直持续到试验结束。用分离株免疫本动物后再攻石门毒, 2 头试验猪中 1 头死亡,1头出现临床症状。初步说明,所分离的病毒为猪瘟病毒(命名为CSFV- FJFQ株),可能是一株低毒力毒株,且其免疫原性不好。     

鸡马立克氏病病毒LMS分离株基因组重复区的测定及分析

为分析鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)LMS分离株的分子遗传特性,本研究对该分离株基因组重复区(包括连接长重复区和短重复区的α样序列)进行了测定。LMS分离株基因组的长重复区为11 746 bp,α样序列为997 bp,短重复区为12 431 bp。在重复区内,预测存在43个ORF,与参考病毒株序列相比存在5个变异较大的ORF。重复区的遗传进化分析表明,LMS分离株与国内814株和欧洲pC12-130株亲缘关系较近。LMS分离株在短重复区潜伏相关转录本(LATs)编码序列的预测转录起始位点位置存在缺失;LMS分离株在α样序列内存在一个新的短重复序列。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of N and M Genes of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Guangxi Strain

To investigate genetic variation of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Guangxi province,one strain of IBV was isolated from chicken.Two pairs of primers for amplifying the N and M genes of IBV were designed according to the sequences in GenBank.The N and M genes of the strain were amplified by RT-PCR,and they were proved to be the N and M genes of IBV by cloning,sequencing and compared with reference IBV strains published in GenBank.The results showed that the N gene from the IBV isolate consisted of 1 230 bp,coding 409 amino acids.The M gene from the IBV isolate consisted of 678 bp,coding 225 amino acids.The sequence analysis of N gene showed that it shared 87.2% to 93.3% nucleotide homologies and 90.0% to 94.4% deduced amino acid sequence homologies with IBV strains from GenBank.The M gene sequence analysis showed that it shared 83.6% to 91.0% nucleotide homologies and 82.7% to 92.9% deduced amino acid sequence homologies.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that it was closely related to BJ and LX4 strains,and were clustered into one group;But with the distant relatives from other strains of IBV.These results suggested that the isolate was a new variant of IBV.