新疆伊犁某牛场大肠杆菌耐药性调查

为了调查新疆伊犁某牛场饮水、饲料和粪样中分离的大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对饮水源、饲料源、牛粪源样品中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,25份牛场饮水源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（25/25）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（12.0%）、氨苄西林（4.0%）、诺氟沙星（4.0%）、恩诺沙星（8.0%）和安普霉素（8.0%）5种抗菌药物耐药;72份牛场饲料源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为65.3%（47/72）,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（36.2%）、氨苄西林（19.1%）、诺氟沙星（4.3%）和安普霉素（4.3%）4种抗菌药物耐药;80份牛粪源样品,大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（80/80）,对阿米卡星（12.5%）、氨苄西林（7.5%）、恩诺沙星（7.5%）、庆大霉素（5.0%）、诺氟沙星（2.5%）、环丙沙星（2.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（1.3%）和头孢噻呋（1.3%）8种抗菌药物耐药,仅对安普霉素敏感。该牛场分离的大肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况一般,但中介率较高,须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避免使用不敏感和中介率高的抗菌药物,养殖场饮水和饲料有被耐药大肠杆菌污染的风险。     

Comparison of Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli from Different Cattle Farms in Kuitun Area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the resistance of E.coli to clinical antimicrobial drugs from different farms in Kuitun area of Xinjiang,the bovine fecal samples were collected using the anal swab and E.coli was isolated from 123 (30),127 (30) and 128 (30) farms,respectively.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of E coli isolated from fecal samples to 10 antimicrobial drugs were determined by agar dilution method and the difference of resistance rate of E.coli from different farms was compared by chi square test.The results showed that the resistance rates of 128 farm to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (33.3%) and apramycin (23.3%) were relatively high;The resistance rates of 127 farm to ampicillin (20.0%),amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (16.7%) and florfenicol (16.7%) were relatively high;The resistance rates of 123 farm to ampicillin (13.3%) and the apramycin (13.3%) were relatively high.The chi square test results showed that resistance rates of E.coli to florfenicol and enrofloxacin from 127 farm were significantly higher than that from 123 and 128 farms (P<0.05);The resistance rates of E.coli to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and apramycin from 128 farm were significantly higher than that from 123 and 127 farms (P<0.05),respectively.The most of the antibiotics resistance pattern of E.coli from different farms was 1 to 2 resistant.The results showed that the drug resistance rates of bovine E.coli in Kuitun was not high,while the resistance rates to commonly used drugs such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and apramycin were high.It suggested that this kinds of antimicrobial drugs should be replaced or avoid using to treat bacterial diseases.In addition,the antimicrobial resistance between farms was different,indicating the farms medicine would impact the drug resistance in bacteria.     

新疆不同地区牛源大肠杆菌耐药性分析

This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms in Xinjiang to antibiotics. The resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle farms in five regions to commonly used antibiotic were determined using microdilution broth assay. Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (up to 39.3%) in all regions, and existed multidrug-resistant, but zero resistance was the dominant. Escherichia coli isolates from E cattle farm in Cherqi town, Baicheng county, exhibited resistant to three kinds of quinolones (6.7%). The results suggested that the resistances of Escherichia coli isolates to commonly used antibiotics were not serious in Xinjiang.     

宠物源性大肠杆菌耐药性调查

本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法对120株宠物医院分离的大肠杆菌进行头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等13种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值测定,并利用WHONET 5.4软件对数据进行处理,以了解广州市宠物源性大肠杆菌的耐药情况。通过对其耐药谱型的调查,为指导宠物临床用药和耐药性及耐药性监测提供理论依据。     

文昌鸡源大肠杆菌生物被膜表型和耐药谱型相关性研究

本试验分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和改良结晶紫法对65株文昌鸡源大肠杆菌进行15种临床常用抗菌药物耐药性检测和生物被膜形成能力鉴定,以了解海南文昌鸡源大肠杆菌耐药谱型和生物被膜表型之间的相关性。结果显示,65株文昌鸡源大肠杆菌中89.23%具有多重耐药现象,64.62%具有交叉耐药现象;81.54%的菌株具有不同的生物被膜形成能力,只有18.46%的菌株无细菌生物被膜形成能力。本试验结果表明,具有生物被膜形成能力的菌株大都表现出多重耐药性,但交叉耐药性与无生物被膜形成能力菌株相差不明显。     

广州、成都宠物源性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力及耐药性调查

为了解广州、成都两地宠物源性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力和耐药情况,为指导宠物临床用药和耐药性监测提供依据,研究采用改良结晶紫半定量方法对300株宠物源性大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力测定,同时采用NCCLS微量肉汤稀释法对之进行头孢噻呋、庆大霉素等14种兽医临床常用抗菌药物MIC值测定.结果表明:广州、成都两地宠物源性大肠...     

广州、成都宠物源性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力及耐药性调查

为了解广州、成都两地宠物源性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力和耐药情况,为指导宠物临床用药和耐药性监测提供依据,研究采用改良结晶紫半定量方法对300株宠物源性大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力测定,同时采用NCCLS微量肉汤稀释法对之进行头孢噻呋、庆大霉素等14种兽医临床常用抗菌药物MIC值测定。结果表明:广州、成都两地宠物源性大肠杆菌形成生物被膜的能力均以中等和弱成膜能力表型为主,分别占两地分离菌株总数的93.3%和87.2%;广州、成都两地的分离菌株对14种兽医临床常用的抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,其中多西环素、利福平、氨苄西林、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均超过50.0%。     

同一养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性比较

本试验旨在比较新疆相同养殖模式下不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况。分别在某规模化养猪场呼图壁(207份)、玛纳斯(210份)和昌吉(210份)地区采集粪样,共计627份样品,各地区猪源大肠杆菌的分离率均为100.0%。采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离出的大肠杆菌进行临床常用抗菌药物的药敏试验,并通过卡方检验比较3个地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药率的差异。结果显示,呼图壁地区猪源大肠杆菌对安普霉素、阿米卡星、阿莫西林—克拉维酸和头孢噻呋的耐药率均极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);玛纳斯地区猪源大肠杆菌对环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.05),对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于另外两地区(P< 0.01);昌吉地区猪源大肠杆菌对诺氟沙星的耐药率极显著高于呼图壁地区(P< 0.01),而对阿莫西林—克拉维酸和氨苄西林的耐药率均显著高于玛纳斯地区(P< 0.05)。呼图壁地区3~8耐菌株占94.7%,玛纳斯地区3~7耐菌株占89.5%,昌吉地区4~8耐菌株占82.4%。不同地区之间3~7耐菌株数差异不显著(P> 0.05)。结果表明,在相同的养殖模式下,不同地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药情况不同。此外,养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药问题严重,以多药耐药为主,耐药谱型呈多样化。     

52株不同淡水鱼类维氏气单胞菌耐药表型的分析

通过细菌形态观察、革兰氏染色、生理生化鉴定及16S r DNA序列测定共获得52株维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),采用微量肉汤稀释法测定52株维氏气单胞菌对11种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明,52株维氏气单胞菌存在比较严重的耐药性,且不同地域分离的维氏气单胞菌菌株对常用的抗菌药物的MIC结果存在明显差异。其中,对庆大霉素、阿莫西林、红霉素全部耐药;对阿米卡星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和阿奇霉素的耐药率较高,分别为98.08%、94.23%和84.62%;其次是环丙沙星、强力霉素和恩诺沙星,耐药率分别为78.85%、71.15%和57.69%;氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率最低,分别为15.38%和11.54%;所分离菌株均为多重耐药,分别为6重耐药、7重耐药、8重耐药、9重耐药和10重耐药。其中7重耐药和8重耐药分布最广,分别为21.15%和40.38%。     

广西某地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性及部分菌株耐药基因调查

试验旨在探究广西某地区猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性及部分菌株所含耐药基因情况,为预防及治疗动物性大肠杆菌类疾病提供参考。采用麦康凯琼脂培养基及伊红美蓝琼脂培养基初步鉴定、显微镜镜检、分子生物学16S rRNA鉴定、药物敏感性二倍肉汤微量稀释法等方法进行大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,并结合PCR相关技术对部分菌株的三十余种耐药基因进行检测。结果显示,从广西某地区采集的猪源病料中共分离得到65株猪源大肠杆菌,其均为多重耐药大肠杆菌且多集中于六重耐药与七重耐药。按所耐抗菌药物的种类分析发现其对β-内酰胺类、磺胺类、大环内酯类药物具有较高耐药性,耐药率分别98.46%、90.77%及84.62%,进一步分析发现其主要是对头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿奇霉素等抗菌药物具有较高耐药性,对美罗培南、阿米卡星、黏杆菌素较为敏感。对部分菌株所含耐药基因进行整理发现,其多含有四环素类（tetA、tetM）、β-内酰胺类（CTX-m-u）及磺胺类（Sul2）耐药基因。综上所述发现广西地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性情况较为严重,所含耐药基因也相对较多,因此在实际生产中需采用联合用药等相关措施进行疾病治疗以达到快速高效治疗疾病的目的。     

部分鸡场大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性

从江西、辽宁、广东3个省的鸡场分离到204株大肠杆菌，按NCCLs推荐的纸片扩散法测定了其对24种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明，分离菌对四环素的耐药性最高，为92．2％．余下依次为二氟沙星、萘啶酸、磺胺、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、洛美沙星、链霉素、达氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、氯霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、头孢噻吩、奥格门丁(阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾)、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考．头孢曲松无1例耐药。     

新疆地区牛和新引进牛大肠埃希菌耐药性比较

为了解新疆地区牛和新引进牛大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药差异,采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离的大肠埃希菌进行耐药性检测,通过卡方检验比较新疆地区牛和引进牛大肠埃希菌耐药性的差异。结果显示,新疆地区牛大肠埃希菌和引进牛大肠埃希菌除对氨苄西林(地区牛为11.90%、引进牛为6.25%)和阿莫西林(地区牛为5.55%、引进牛为5.21%)有较高的耐药率外,对其他临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较低,但引进牛对氟苯尼考、庆大霉素和安普霉素的中度敏感率分别为82.81%、44.79%和33.33%。经卡方检验比较,新疆引进牛对氟苯尼考、庆大霉素、安普霉素、阿莫西林和氨苄西林的中度敏感率显著高于新疆地区牛(P0.05)。虽然被检牛源大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物耐药较低,但引进牛大肠埃希菌高中度敏感率会导致其耐药率短期内迅速增高,因此须在临床治疗引进牛细菌性疾病中避免使用中度敏感率高的抗菌药物。     

新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌耐药性比较

为了比较新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,从猪场、羊场和牛场分别分离猪源大肠埃希菌454株、羊源大肠埃希菌638株和牛源大肠埃希菌89株,用微量肉汤法对上述细菌进行临床常用β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类和酰胺醇类抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度测定。结果表面,猪源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(67.0%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(63.7%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在10.4%~41.2%之间;羊源大肠埃希菌对安普霉素(33.9%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(21.2%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在3.1%~15.6%之间;牛源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(24.4%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(8.9%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在1.1%~6.7%之间。多药耐药结果,猪源大肠埃希菌以2耐~5耐为主,羊源大肠埃希菌以0耐~2耐为主,牛源大肠埃希菌以0耐~1耐为主。新疆猪源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药情况最严重,羊源菌次之,牛源菌最轻;猪源大肠埃希菌多药耐药现象严重。     

动物大肠杆菌耐药性的变化趋势

本试验对50年代至90年代初分离保存的50株大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感性测定。结果表明，随着时间的推移，菌株对15种抗菌药物的耐性呈现不同程度的上升趋势，50年代的大肠杆菌分离株对15种抗菌药物均敏感，60年代的分离株对链霉素、四环素产生耐药，70年代对氨苄西林、氯霉素、磺胺甲基异唑、四环素、链霉素、甲氧苄胺嘧啶6种抗生素产生耐药，80年代至90年代初对阿莫西林／奥格门丁、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、萘啶酸、头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、氯霉素、磺胺甲基异唑、四环素、链霉素、甲氧苄胺嘧啶11种抗生素产生耐药，菌株的多重耐药性呈上升趋势。     

猪场粪污中大肠埃希菌磺胺类耐药基因型及表型分析

为了检测猪场粪污中大肠埃希菌对磺胺类药物的耐药状况,用美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)推荐的药敏纸片扩散法检测11株猪场粪污中大肠埃希菌对磺胺类药物的耐药性表型,用multi-PCR Kit检测磺胺类药物的耐药基因(sul1,sul2,sul3)。结果表明,11株猪场粪污中大肠埃希菌对磺胺复合物的耐药率为45%,磺胺二甲基恶唑耐药率为45%,磺胺甲基恶唑耐药率为64%。磺胺类药物的Sul 1基因检出率为100%,sul 2基因检出率为90.9%,sul 3基因检出率为36.4%,磺胺类抗生素耐药基因的总检出率为100%。研究结果可为大肠埃希菌的耐药性研究以及磺胺类耐药机制的研究提供科学依据。     

藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性和血清型检测及药敏试验

为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。     

Comparison of Drug Resistance of E.coli from Pigs in Different Regions under the Same Breeding Mode

In order to compare the resistance of E.coli from pigs of different regions under same breeding mode in Xinjiang, we collected fecal samples from pig farms of Hutubi (207), Manasi (210) and Changji (210) in a certain scale, respectively, a total of 627 samples, and isolation rate of E.coli from fecal samples were all 100.0%.The broth dilution method was used to detect resistance of E.coli to antimicrobials, and we compared the differences of resistance rate of E.coli from pig farms in three regions by chi square test. E.coli from pig farms of Hutubi region to apramycin, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ceftiofur existed extremely significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Manasi region to ciprofloxacin existed significant differences comparing with another two regions (P< 0.05), and existed extremely significant differences to norfloxacin (P< 0.01).E.coli from pig farms of Changji region to norfloxacin had extremely significant differences comparing with Hutubi region (P< 0.01), and existed significant differences to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin comparing with Manasi region (P< 0.05).3 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 94.7% in Hutubi region, 3 to 7 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 89.5% in Manasi region and 4 to 8 resistant E.coli strains accounted for 82.4% in Changji region, respectively.There was no significant difference among different regions on multi-drug resistance (P> 0.05).The results indicated that E.coli from pigs of different regions under the same breeding mode had different characteristics of resistance.In addition, the resistance of E.coli from pigs were very serious and mainly multi-drug resistant, drug resistance patterns were diversified.