C型钠肽和生长分化因子9预处理对绵羊体外成熟卵母细胞质量和发育能力的影响

为探讨生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)和骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)在协同C型钠肽(C-type natriuretic peptide, CNP)调节卵母细胞减数分裂进程中的作用，提高卵母细胞体外成熟的质量，试验基于CNP预处理的“两步法”体外成熟(in vitro maturation, IVM)体系，研究了预处理阶段添加GDF9和BMP15在调节绵羊卵母细胞减数分裂进程和胞质成熟事件中的作用，并探讨CNP和GDF9联合预处理后对卵母细胞体外成熟质量及发育能力的影响。结果显示，GDF9可显著提高卵丘细胞中CNP受体NPR2基因的表达，从而增加CNP阻滞绵羊卵母细胞减数分裂的效率，而BMP15无此作用。预处理阶段联合添加CNP和GDF9能改善卵丘细胞功能，并且在CNP的作用基础上进一步增加卵母细胞线粒体的活性和数量、GSH含量，并降低ROS水平，从而提高卵母细胞体外成熟后的质量以及体外受精后的发育效率，卵裂率和囊胚率得到显著增加。研究结果不仅表明GDF9能强化CN...     

卵泡FSH受体mRNA的表达及其对卵母细胞体外培养成熟率的影响

本研究采用RT-PCR技术检测了猪大、中、小卵泡颗粒细胞中FSH受体(FSHR)mRNA的表达差异,比较和分析了受体表达差异及其对卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响。结果表明大、中、小卵泡中颗粒细胞都有FSHR mRNA表达,大卵泡的颗粒细胞与小、中卵泡的颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA相对表达量有显著差异(P<0.05),中、小卵泡的颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA相对表达量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同大小卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟培养结果表明,小卵泡与大、中卵泡比较,卵丘细胞扩展率和第一极体排出率差异显著(P<0.05)。这表明猪不同大小卵泡颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA的表达量与其卵母细胞体外培养成熟率呈相关性,进一步证实FSHR在猪卵泡及卵母细胞发育中起着重要作用。     

RT-PCR技术检测绵羊卵巢内Ghrelin的表达

为了明确Ghrelin在绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡上是否存在表达,本研究利用实时定量RT-PCR技术检测了绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内的卵母细胞、卵丘细胞和壁层颗粒细胞的Ghrelin蛋白的表达量情况。结果揭示绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内各类型细胞Ghrelin mRNA的相对表达量大致相同。绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内各类型细胞Ghrelin蛋白的表达及Ghrelin mRNA的表达模式,尤其是卵母细胞中的表达,揭示这一新型分子在绵羊卵巢上具有潜在的调控作用。     

FSH与GDF9对绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞中C型钠肽及其受体表达的影响

为了阐明绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞功能调控机制，试验选取不同条件培养的绵羊卵泡壁层颗粒细胞(MGCs)和卵丘颗粒细胞(CCs),分别设置对照组、FSH组和GDF9+FSH组，利用qPCR、Western blot和免疫荧光法分别检测MGCs和CCs中NPPC和NPR2的mRNA和蛋白表达量。结果表明：对于壁层颗粒细胞，FSH组NPPC 12 h mRNA及12,24 h蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),极显著低于GDF9+FSH组(P<0.01);体外培养16 h后，与对照组相比，FSH组NPR2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著提高(P<0.05),但与GDF9+FSH组差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于卵丘颗粒细胞，FSH组NPPC mRNA及蛋白水平极显著高于对照组和GDF9+FSH组(P<0.01);FSH组NPR2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组和GDF9+FSH组(P<0.05)。说明FSH可以显著提高体外培养的绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞中NPPC、NPR2的表达；GDF9可以促进FSH诱导的壁层颗粒细胞中NPPC的表达，但抑制了FSH诱导的卵丘细胞颗粒...     

水牛卵丘细胞和颗粒细胞单层对卵母细胞体外受精及其胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探讨卵丘细胞对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及颗粒细胞单层对水牛体外胚胎发育的影响。[方法]①按卵母细胞有无卵丘细胞情况分为五个组：即自然裸卵组（Ⅰ组）、自然裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅱ组）、人为裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅲ组）、AB级卵母细胞成熟后去除卵丘细胞受精组（Ⅳ组）、AB级卵母细胞对照组（Ⅴ组）分别进行体...     

TACE激酶在猪排卵过程中的作用机制

促黄体激素(LH)诱导猪卵泡排卵过程包括卵泡壁的破裂、颗粒细胞黄体化、卵丘细胞扩展和卵母细胞减数分裂成熟。LH受体主要在排卵前卵泡的颗粒细胞中表达,排卵刺激后表达水平明显降低。颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞表达的EGF样因子可以激活EGFR-MAPK3/1在这2种细胞中的通路。EGF样因子是由信号序列、跨膜区域和EGF区域组成,并且由特异性酶刺激释放EGF区域与EGFR互作诱导排卵过程。TACE/ADAM17是一种EGF样因子的蛋白水解酶,在FSH/LH刺激的颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞中表达并激活EGFR-MAPK3/1通路。应用特异性抑制剂或siRNA抑制技术而降低TACE/ADAM17的表达活性,则会抑制颗粒细胞黄体化、卵丘细胞扩展以及卵母细胞的成熟过程。因此,TACE/ADAM17是诱导猪排卵过程的主效基因。     

无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞体外成熟方法的初步探讨

主要探讨无卵丘水牛卵母细胞体外成熟的可行性,以便为研究卵母细胞成熟机理提供模型。无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞随机分为5组,然后分别进行直接成熟培养（M1）,与卵丘细胞单层共培养（M2）,用未扩展的卵丘细胞块包围培养（M3）,与扩展的卵丘细胞团共培养（M4）和用卵巢组织包围培养（M5）。无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养24 h后检查第一极体（PB1）排出率,随后对这些卵母细胞进行孤雌激活,评定其成熟质量。结果发现,M4组的第一极体排出率明显高于M1组和M5组,其它各组间没有显著差异（P〉0.05）;M5组的孤雌激活卵裂率显著低于M1组和M4组（P〈0.05）,而与M2组和M3组没有显著差异（P〉0.05）,但M3和M4两组的囊胚发育率显著高于M1组和M5组（P〈0.05）。这些研究结果表明：（1）未扩展卵丘细胞包围法和扩展卵丘细胞团支撑法可促进无卵丘水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟,但与卵丘细胞单层共培养没有作用;（2）卵巢组织包围培养不利于水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟。     

能量水平和来源对后备母猪卵母细胞质量及相关基因表达的影响

选择初始体质量（59&#177;4．2）kg的长白&#215;大白杂交母猪54头,采用3&#215;2试验设计,研究日粮能量水平和来源对后备母猪卵泡发育和卵母细胞体外成熟以及排卵前卵丘-卵母细胞复合物（COCs）中生长分化因子-9（GDF-9）、骨形态发生蛋白-15（BMP-15）、促黄体素受体（LHR）、促卵泡素受体（FSHR）mRNA表达的影响。3个能量水平分别为NRC推荐能量需要的87．5％、100％和112．5％;每个能量水平分别以淀粉和油脂为主要能量来源。试验母猪在第2个发情期的第19天屠宰。结果表明：随能量水平升高,大卵泡数增多（P〈0．05）,能量来源对卵泡数量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）;高能量水平下卵丘扩散程度（P〈0．05）和卵母细胞成熟的比例最高（P〈0．01）,能量来源对卵丘扩散程度影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）,淀粉组卵母细胞成熟的比例高于油脂组（P〈0．05）;基因分析表明,饲喂低能量水平组的GDF-9和BMP-15mRNA的表达量最高（P〈0．05）,淀粉组上调GDF-9mRNA的表达（P〈0．05）,能量来源对BMP-15mRNA表达影响差异不显著;各处理小卵泡的卵丘-卵母细胞复合物中GDF-9和BMP-15mRNA表达量高于大卵泡（P〈0．01）;高能量水平组的LHR和FSHRmRNA表达量最高（P〈0．05）,能量来源对大卵泡卵丘-卵母细胞复合物中FSHRmRNA表达无显著影响,淀粉组上调LHRmRNA表达（P〈0．05）。研究表明,提高日粮能量水平增加母猪排卵前大卵泡数量和卵母细胞成熟的比例,以淀粉为能量来源对卵泡数量没有显著影响,但提高了卵母细胞成熟的比例;能量影响卵泡数量和卵母细胞成熟可能与GDF-9、BMP-15和LHR、FSHRmRNA表达有关。     

添加外源激素FSH对绵羊卵丘颗粒细胞增殖的影响

为了分析外源激素促卵泡激素(FSH)对绵羊卵丘颗粒细胞增殖的影响,试验分离并体外培养了绵羊卵丘颗粒细胞,然后使用促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)免疫组织化学法鉴定了分离培养的细胞,进而分析了添加不同浓度FSH对细胞增殖速度的影响。结果表明:将卵丘颗粒细胞从卵丘颗粒细胞-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)上分离24 h之后,能够观察到部分卵丘颗粒细胞开始贴壁,传代之后细胞形态未发生明显变化。FSHR免疫组织化学法鉴定结果证明分离培养的绵羊卵丘颗粒细胞能够特异性地表达FSHR。培养基中添加FSH后,在培养前4 d,高浓度(100 ng/mL)和低浓度(10 ng/mL)的FSH均能促进卵丘颗粒细胞的增殖,但在培养6 d之后,高浓度的FSH对卵丘颗粒细胞的增殖存在抑制作用。说明外源激素FSH在不同浓度下对卵母颗粒细胞的增殖具有不同的影响。     

卵母细胞成熟相关激素和生长因子受体在马扩展型和紧凑型卵丘-卵母细胞复合体表达的研究

旨在比较一些与卵细胞成熟相关的激素和生长因子受体在两种卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(Ex-COC和Cp-COC)中的表达以探究两种类型的马卵母细胞成熟和发育能力差异的原因。本研究在屠宰场采集蒙古马离体卵巢带回实验室回收COCs,并根据卵丘细胞形态区分Ex-和Cp-COCs;通过qPCR和免疫荧光检测FSHR、LHR、IGF1R、IGF2R、ESR1、ESR2,BMP15和GDF9受体BMPR1B、BMPR2和ALK5在两种COCs中的表达模式;将雌二醇、IGF2、GDF9和BMP15分别添加进马IVM培养体系中检测其对马卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响。结果显示,这些受体基因的表达量在Ex-和Cp-COCs的卵丘细胞和卵母细胞中均有差异,在Cp-COCs中,卵丘细胞的大部分受体基因表达量高于卵母细胞;而在Ex-COCs中,卵母细胞与卵丘细胞的基因表达水平相似或高于卵丘细胞。相较于Cp-COCs的卵母细胞,大部分的受体基因在Ex-COCs的卵母细胞中表现出更高表达水平。体外成熟培养试验表明雌二醇和IGF2的添加可能有利于提高马的卵母细胞体外成熟率。马扩展型和紧凑型COCs中FSH、LH、IGF1、IGF...     

Expression Analysis of C-type Natriuretic Peptide and Its Receptor in Buffalo Follicles

In order to investigate the expression pattern of C-type natriuretic peptide（CNP）and its receptors（NPR）in buffalo follicles,firstly,the mRNA expression level of ANP,BNP,CNP,NPR1 and NPR2 in ovary were assayed by Real-time quantitative PCR;Secondly,the protein expression of CNP and NPR2 in buffalo follicles were detected by immunohistochemical stainning method;Lastly,the mRNA expression level of CNP and NPR2 in granule cells and cumulus cells were assayed by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that CNP gene and its receptor NPR2 mainly expressed in buffalo ovary,the protein of CNP and NPR2 expressed in all stages of follicles,CNP mainly expressed in mural granulosa cells and NPR2 primarily presented in cumulus cells,the mRNA expression of CNP gene in granule cells was significantly higher than cumulus cells（P<0.05),whereas the mRNA expression of NPR2 gene in cumulus cells was significantly higher than granule cells（P<0.05).In conclusion,among the main members of natriuretic peptides and its receptors,CNP and NPR2 presented strong expression in buffalo ovary.CNP mainly expressed in mural granulosa cells,but NPR2 primarily presented in cumulus cells which arounding oocytes.     

水牛水通道蛋白8基因克隆及表达分析

In this study, buffalo AQP8 gene was cloned and its eukaryotic expression vector was constructed, the expression pattern of AQP8 gene in buffalo ovary tissue was also assayed. The results showed that the CDS length of cloned buffalo AQP8 gene was 732 bp, and it shared 100% homology of amino acid sequence with cattle and mouse. AQP8 protein was detected in different developmental stages of buffalo follicles, it had significantly higher expression in the secondary follicles than that of in the primordial and the primary follicles (P＜0.05), and it mainly expressed in the granulosa cells of the secondary follicles. Clear EGFP green fluorescent was observed in transfected cell groups with transfection of the pEGFP-N1-AQP8 eukaryotic expression plasmid into HEK293T cells by Lipofectamine^R LTX and PLUS^TM reagent. The above results lay foundation to further investigate the function of AQP8 gene in the buffalo follicle development and granulosa cell apopotosis.     

Natriuretic peptide system regulation in granulosa cells during follicle deviation and ovulation in cattle

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to regulate reproductive events in polyovulatory species, but their function and regulation in monovulatory species remain to be fully characterized. Using a well‐established in vivo model, we found that bovine granulosa cells from follicles near the deviation stage express mRNA for the three NP receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3), but not for NP precursors (NPPA, NPPB and NPPC). The abundance of NPR3 mRNA was higher in dominant compared to subordinate follicles at the expected time of follicular deviation. After deviation, mRNA for all NP receptors was significantly more abundant in the dominant follicle. Intrafollicular inhibition of oestrogen receptors downregulated NPR1 mRNA in dominant follicles. In granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles, NPPC mRNA increased at 3 and 6 h after systemic GnRH treatment, but decreased at 12 and 24 h to similar levels observed in samples collected at 0 h. After GnRH treatment, NPR1 mRNA was upregulated at 24 h, NPR3 mRNA gradually decreased after 3 h, while NPR2 mRNA was not regulated. The mRNA expression of the enzyme FURIN increased at 24 h after GnRH treatment. These findings revealed that the expression of mRNA encoding important components of the NP system is regulated in bovine granulosa cells during follicular deviation and in response to GnRH treatment, which suggests a role of NP system in the modulation of these processes in monovulatory species.     

Effect of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) on the progression of buffalo follicles in vitrified–warmed ovarian tissues

To improve the reproductive performance of water buffalo to level can satisfy our needs, the mechanisms controlling ovarian follicular growth and development should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the expressions of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) in buffalo ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the effects of GDF‐9 treatment on follicle progression were investigated using a buffalo ovary organ culture system. Frozen–thawed buffalo ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 14 days in the presence or absence of GDF‐9. After culture, ovarian slices were fixed, sectioned and stained. The follicles were morphologically analysed and counted. Expression pattern of GDF‐9 was detected in oocytes from primordial follicles onwards, besides, also presented in granulosa cells. Moreover, GDF‐9 was detected in mural granulosa cells and theca cells of pre‐antral follicles. In antral follicles, cumulus cells and theca cells displayed positive expression of GDF‐9. In corpora lutea, GDF‐9 was expressed in both granulosa and theca lutein cells. After in vitro culture, there was no difference in the number of primordial follicles between cultured plus GDF‐9 and cultured control that indicated the GDF‐9 treatment has no effect on the primordial to primary follicle transition. GDF‐9 treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of primary and secondary follicles compared with controls accompanied with a significant increase in pre‐antral and antral follicles. These results suggest that a larger number of primary and secondary follicles were stimulated to progress to later developmental stages when treated with GDF‐9. Vitrification/warming of buffalo ovarian tissue had a little remarkable effect, in contrast to culturing for 14 days, on the expression of GDF‐9. In conclusion, treatment with GDF‐9 was found to promote progression of primary follicle that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development and to improve therapies for the most common infertility problem in buffaloes (ovarian inactivity).     

The localization and expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in bovine ovary during oestrous cycle

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.     

多浪羊CNP基因克隆及其在初情期组织表达特性分析

【目的】 克隆多浪羊C型利钠肽(CNP)基因,并进行生物信息学分析,探讨其在多浪羊初情期启动前后下丘脑、垂体、输卵管、卵巢、子宫中的表达规律,以期为研究CNP基因在多浪羊初情期启动过程中的作用机制提供参考。【方法】 参考GeneBank中绵羊CNP基因的序列(登录号:XM_027974523.1)设计引物,以初情期前、初情期、初情期后的多浪羊为试验对象,采用RT-PCR技术扩增多浪羊CNP基因并进行克隆测序;用DNAMAN软件同其他物种进行相似性比对,并使用Mega 5.0构建系统发育树。用生物信息学软件分析CNP基因的核苷酸序列及其编码蛋白的疏水性、信号肽、磷酸化位点、跨膜结构域等理化性质和二级结构、三级结构信息;用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测多浪羊下丘脑、垂体、输卵管、卵巢、子宫中CNP基因的表达量。【结果】 多浪羊CNP基因序列大小为2 227 bp,其中包括5'-UTR 50 bp、3'-UTR 914 bp和CDS区1 263 bp。相似性比对和系统发育树结果显示,多浪羊与山羊的亲缘关系最近,与鸡的亲缘关系最远;多浪羊CNP基因共编码420个氨基酸,其编码蛋白是亲水性蛋白质,无跨膜结构域和信号肽。多浪羊CNP蛋白的二级结构主要是α-螺旋和无规则卷曲;三级结构预测显示CNP蛋白无配体结构;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在初情期启动的3个发育阶段,下丘脑中CNP基因表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);初情期下丘脑中CNP基因的表达量显著低于初情期前(P<0.05);子宫中初情期前CNP基因的表达量显著高于初情期和初情期后(P<0.05)。【结论】 本研究成功克隆了多浪羊CNP基因,其主要在下丘脑和子宫中表达;在初情期前、初情期、初情期后的发育过程中,下丘脑组织中CNP基因的表达量先降低再升高,提示CNP基因可能在初情期的启动过程中参与调控。     

猪各级卵泡内EGF mRNA表达的研究

研究EGF mRNA在猪各级卵泡内的表达。采用RT－PCR技术检测猪大卵泡，中卵泡和小卵泡中，以及各级卵泡卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中EGF的mRNA的表达。结果表明大卵泡，中卵泡和小卵泡中都有EGF的mRNA表达，但看不出明显的强弱变化，卵母细胞和颗粒细胞中也有表达，且从小卵泡到中卵泡到大卵泡有明显减少的趋势，卵母细胞比颗粒细胞表达强烈。进一步证实EGF在猪卵泡及卵母细胞发育中起着重要作用。