南宁市某奶牛场乳房炎酵母样真菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解南宁市某奶牛场奶牛乳房炎酵母样真菌的发病情况及其耐药特征,笔者采集南宁市该牛场乳样共198份,经过体细胞计数(SCC)检测,结合奶牛产奶量、临床表现、乳样外观等,检测到临床型乳房炎奶样92份、隐性乳房炎奶样23份,对这些奶样进行酵母样真菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验,结果有51份(44.34%)奶样中分离到酵母样真菌。经假菌丝及酵母样真菌生化管鉴定,查看TH15-C酵母样真菌生化鉴定编码册,结果白色念珠菌占72.54%、砝码念珠菌占11.76%、奥么毕赤酵母菌占11.76%、胶粘红酵母菌占3.94%。随机选取21株临床分离酵母样真菌,用4种抗真菌药敏纸片和4种抗生素纸片对其进行药敏试验,结果对制霉菌素有较高的敏感性,对两性霉素B、酮康唑中度敏感,对氟康唑以及丁胺卡那、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、链霉素耐药。     

宁夏地区奶牛乳房炎源阴道加德纳菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了研究奶牛乳房炎源阴道加德纳菌(GV)的耐药情况,从宁夏部分奶牛场采集临床型乳房炎奶牛乳样94份、隐性乳房炎奶牛乳样70份进行细菌分离鉴定,得到2株GV(均来自于临床型乳房炎奶牛乳样);动物试验结果表明GV对奶牛乳房炎没有致病性;药敏试验结果表明分离菌对哌拉西林、万古霉素、四环素、克林霉素耐药,对阿莫西林中介,对其他药物均敏感。     

上海地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌种类、分布及药物敏感特性,为奶牛乳房炎治疗选用敏感性药物提供依据。采集该地区奶牛场71份临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,71份奶样共检出金黄色葡萄球菌12株,分离率最高,为16.9%,大肠杆菌11株,占15.5%,克雷伯氏菌8株,占11.3%,粪肠球菌5株,占7.0%。药敏试验显示,4种主要病原菌主要对头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、磺胺异唑抗菌药物表现不同程度的耐药,耐药率在75.0%～100.0%,对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物较敏感,敏感率在60.0%～100.0%;多重耐药菌株共16株,占22.5%,大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌存在同时对9种和10种抗菌药物耐药现象,多重耐药较严重。说明引起该地区奶牛乳房炎的关键致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、克雷伯氏菌。细菌药敏试验结果显示:分离菌株对氨苄西林、磺胺异唑、庆大霉素具有较强耐药性;对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物敏感,上述研究结果可为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。     

2017年上海、河北地区奶牛乳房炎克雷伯菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了摸清上海和河北地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌克雷伯菌的分离率及其耐药情况,对采集自上海和河北两地的乳房炎患病奶牛乳样进行克雷伯菌的分离培养和形态学、分子生物学鉴定,并选择临床常用的抗生素对分离得到的克雷伯菌进行药敏试验。经革兰染色、镜检以及分子生物学鉴定发现,采集自上海地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有18份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为18%;采集自河北地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有14份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为14%;且上海和河北地区2017年下半年乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中克雷伯菌分离率均高于上半年。药敏试验结果表明,该试验分离得到的克雷伯菌对所测试的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性,其中,单一耐药菌株占21.88%,多重耐药菌株占53.13%,全部敏感的菌株占12.50%。由该试验结果可以得出,上海、河北地区奶牛发生的乳房炎是与克雷伯菌感染有关;且分离得到的克雷伯菌对临床常用的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性。在动物生产和兽医临床上应及时监控克雷伯菌的流行趋势和耐药性变迁,并合理使用抗生素以减少耐药菌株的产生。     

奶牛乳房炎常见致病菌的分离及药敏试验

对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。     

新疆某规模化牛场乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解新疆某规模化牛场奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况以及对常用抗生素药物的敏感程度。从该牛场采集50份乳样,采用细菌分离培养、16S rRNA鉴定、生化鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定;使用药敏纸片对已鉴定菌株进行药物敏感试验;从50份乳样中,分离出了16株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为32%;分离出1株大肠杆菌,分离率为2%。将16株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,氨苄西林的耐药率高达100%,庆大霉素和克林霉素也产生了较低的耐药性,其耐药率均为6.25%,而恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋、呋喃妥因、多西环素等具有较强的抗菌活性,其敏感率均高于80%,本试验为牛场预防乳房以及临床用药提供了科学依据。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

[目的] 了解泰州市某奶牛场乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性。[方法] 试验选用Baird-Parker培养基分离、生化鉴定、PCR检测等方法,对采集的9份奶牛乳房炎奶样进行分离鉴定和药敏试验。[结果] 共分离到6株葡萄球菌,进一步通过凝固酶试验和16S rDNA测序等方法鉴定其中3株为金黄色葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,3株金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G均耐药,2株对四环素耐药,2株对红霉素和苯唑西林表现为中介。[结论] 该次分离的金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素G和四环素耐药,对其他常用抗生素表现为敏感。     

奶牛临床型乳腺炎病原菌分离鉴定与药敏试验建议

探究奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌分离鉴定与药敏试验建议.选择某地患有临床型乳房炎病牛的奶样30份,分别进行病原的分离鉴定与药敏试验.其中大肠杆菌和热带假丝酵母菌是最主要的两种病原菌,菌株数达到34株,占79.06%,并且两种及其以上菌所造成混合感染的奶样共有11份.本次所分离的热带假丝酵母菌对抗真菌药物高度敏感的主要是酮康唑和制霉菌素,敏感性比较低主要是氟康唑、两性霉素B以及伊曲康唑.通过对奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌进行必要的分离鉴定与药敏试验.有助于将其中最主要的病原菌类型和合理的抗生素药物准确的筛选出来,进而可以为临床用药提供必要的指导,乳房炎的发病率也可以得到有效的降低,从而有助于奶牛业的长远发展.     

天津地区奶牛乳房炎调查及阳性乳中真菌的分离鉴定

用兰州奶牛乳房检测试剂(LMT)和临床检查对天津市4个区县奶牛场的奶牛进行了乳房炎检测.共检测奶牛乳房炎阳性奶样181头份,其中临床型乳房炎奶样125头份,隐性型乳房炎奶样56头份,然后对阳性样品进行真菌的分离和鉴定.结果共分离到酵母样真菌46株,分离率为25.4%;天津地区奶牛真茼性乳房炎主要为新型隐球菌、白色念珠菌...     

石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一,为调查引起新疆石河子地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性,于石河子地区部分奶牛场采集85份临床型或隐性乳房炎奶牛的奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及耐药性试验。结果表明:从85份奶样中分离到9种共计127株细菌,经选择性培养基培养、生化试验和16S rRNA PCR鉴定,其中60株为金黄色葡萄球菌,占47.24%;还有腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌属、假单胞杆菌属、肠球菌属等。药敏试验结果表明:所有菌株对杆菌肽、青霉素、头孢氨苄和强力霉素高度耐药,耐药率分别为100%、71.67%、66.67%和76.67%;对氯霉素、氟苯尼考和阿米卡星的敏感率分别达80.00%、83.33%和66.67%;除此之外也有一些菌株对新霉素表现为既不明显耐药也不敏感现象。     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Biological Characteristics of Candida albicans in Bouine Mastitis

The study was aimed to learn the infection of dairy cows with fungi in Ningxia and take effective measures to prevent and control the fungi infection. Milk samples were collected from dairy cows that did not respond to antibiotics in Ningxia, fungi in milk samples were separated and identified, and the biological characteristics of isolated bacteria were analyzed. Milk samples infected by fungus were screened out using fungal selective medium. The yeast pathogen was shown to be Candida albicans by biochemistry and molecular biology methods. Determination of enzyme activity and biofilm-forming tests confirmed that it had different levels of virulence with strong pathogenicity to experimental animals. Drug sensitive test was carried out by K-B programe, the results showed that the isolates were resistant to clinical commonly used antibiotics, and were sensitive to clinical common antifungal drugs. The fungal mastitis was caused by Candida albicans in Ningxia, the ratio of fungal infection was 43%. Candida albicans had strong virulence and were resistant to common antibiotic and sensitivity to antifungal drugs and traditional Chinese medicine.     

宁夏吴忠地区奶牛临床型乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解宁夏吴忠地区奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌及其耐药情况,采集56份罹患乳房炎的奶牛乳样进行病原菌分离,并对分离菌进行了生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、药敏试验以及耐药基因检测.结果表明,该地区的主要病原菌为大肠埃希氏菌和无乳链球菌,检出率分别为23.2％和14.3％.药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希氏菌主要对头孢他啶、...     

真菌性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

本研究针对天津地区使用多种常规药物治疗均无效的乳房炎患牛,无菌采集奶样进行真菌病原分离鉴定及致病性试验, 经鉴定其病原菌为白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌,其对试验动物具有较强的致病力。本研究结果为更好地了解天津市及周边地区奶牛感染真菌的情况,进而采取有效的防治措施提供了一定的理论依据。     

In vitro efficacy of a buffered chelating solution as an antimicrobial potentiator for antifungal drugs against fungal pathogens obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a novel third-generation chelating agent (8 mM disodium EDTA dehydrate and 20 mM 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol) would act as an antimicrobial potentiator to enhance in vitro activity of antifungal medications against fungal isolates obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fungal isolates (3 Aspergillus isolates, 5 Fusarium isolates, 1 Penicillium isolate, 1 Cladosporium isolate, and 1 Curvularia isolate) obtained from horses with mycotic keratitis and 2 quality-control strains obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Paecilomyces variotii ATCC 36257). PROCEDURE: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against fungal isolates for 4 antifungal drugs (miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and natamycin) were compared with MICs against fungal isolates for the combinations of each of the 4 antifungal drugs and the chelating agent. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microdilution assay method was performed by use of reference-grade antifungal powders against the fungal isolates and quality-control strains of fungi. RESULTS: Values for the MIC at which the antifungal drugs decreased the growth of an organism by 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) were decreased for the control strains and ophthalmic fungal isolates by 50% to 100% when the drugs were used in combination with the chelating agent at a concentration of up to 540 microg/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The chelating agent increased in vitro activity of antifungal drugs against common fungal pathogens isolated from eyes of horses with mycotic keratitis.     

Candida spp. urinary tract infections in 13 dogs and seven cats: predisposing factors,treatment, and outcome

Records from 20 animals (13 dogs, seven cats) with Candida spp. urinary tract infections were reviewed. Six Candida spp. were isolated; Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Concurrent diseases or nonantifungal drugs administered within 1 month of isolation included antibiotics (n=16), corticosteroids (n=6), diabetes mellitus (n=4), nonurogenital neoplasia (n=3), and noncandidal urogenital disease (n=14). All animals had sources of local or systemic immune compromise that likely predisposed to infection. Of five animals with resolution of infection, three did not receive specific antifungal treatment. The authors conclude that correction of predisposing conditions is likely critical for management of Candida spp. urinary tract infection.     

致病性奇异变形杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染致奶牛关节脓肿和腹泻的研究

试验旨在查明2012年底甘肃省某奶牛场奶牛关节脓肿和腹泻的病因并选择合适的治疗药物。经牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病毒(BVDV)和牛轮状病毒(BRV)检测、细菌分离鉴定、小鼠致病性试验、药敏试验及血清中钙磷含量测定等综合分析,确诊该病是由致病性奇异变形杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染引起的。这2种分离菌对青霉素、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、氟哌酸及复方新诺明等常用药物严重耐药,均对氟苯尼考中度敏感。经氟苯尼考治疗和加强饲养管理后该病得到有效控制。     

Fungal urinary tract infections in the dog and cat: a retrospective study (2001-2004)

Thirty-five animals (23 dogs, 12 cats) with fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs) were retrospectively studied. Dysuria, hematuria, increased frequency of micturition, anorexia, depression, and pyrexia were the most common clinical signs noted. Seven species of fungi were identified in the affected animals. Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Most animals diagnosed with fungal UTI also had other concurrent urinary tract or medical problems. Lower urinary tract diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia, and renal failure were the most common concurrent or preceding diseases identified. Resolution of fungal UTI occurred in 12 animals that received specific antifungal treatment.     

Yeasts and algae isolated from cows with mastitis in the south-eastern part of Poland

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of mycotic and protohecal mastitis in herds in south-eastern part of Poland. A total of 3091 milk samples from udder quarters with clinical and subclinical mastitis from 29 dairy herds was investigated in this survey. Milk samples were plated as soon as possible on blood agar (BA), Mac Conkey agar, aesculin-tallium acetate-crystal violet agar, and Sabouraud agar. A hundred and thirty one yeast (4.23%) and eleven Protoheca zopfii (0.35%) strains were isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. All the isolated fungi were the yeast classified into 4 genera (Candida, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula). The most frequently isolated yeasts were Candida sp., C. kefyr, C. humicola, C. rugosa and C. inconspicua. Both fungi and algae were isolated first of all during a confinement-housing season.     

Antifungal activity of ketoconazole with emphasis on zoophilic fungal pathogens

The antifungal activity of ketoconazole was studied against fungal pathogens associated with various mycotic infections in animals. A concentration of 10 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml of medium proved fungicidal to Trichophyton verrucosum. The same concentration acted as a strong fungistat against the majority of the tested dermatophytes. Yeasts were generally more sensitive than yeast-like pathogens. Ketoconazole also proved fungicidal against Pityrosporon canis and strongly inhibitory on Cryptococcus neoformans and Torulopsis famata at the lowest used concentration. Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus required a higher concentration in order for the drug to demonstrate some gross changes. However, variable serious microscopic effects were detected. The most marked effect of ketoconazole was in connection with the dimorphic fungi. The action was fungicidal or strongly inhibitory on both the mycelial form and the tissue phase, respectively. The effect of the drug involved both gross morphologic and microscopic changes of the fungi. The mechanism of action of the drug is described in detail. The results are promising and encouraging for the use of ketoconazole in veterinary medicine.     

Prevalence and Species Distribution of Yeast in Mammary Glands of Dairy Cows in Minnesota

A study of the prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the mammary glands of dairy cattle was conducted in Minnesota. Quarter samples from 6,020 cows were cultured for yeast. Growth of organisms was obtained from 3.2% of the quarter milk samples. The rate of yeast infection for Minnesota dairy cattle in this study was 2.0%.

The majority of the yeast isolated belonged to one of four species of the Candida genus. Candida krusei, Candida parakrusei, Candida guilliermundi, and Candida tropicalis, comprised 89% of the yeasts isolated. All of these species have been reported to cause clinical mastitis (1, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16).

It would appear that yeast-like fungi are of sufficient prevalence in mammary glands that yeast infection would be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of clinical mastitis.