新孢子虫二温式PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据新孢子虫Nc2基因保守区设计特异性引物,应用均匀设计法优化反应中Taq DNA聚合酶、引物浓度和退火温度等,建立新孢子虫二温式PCR检测方法。结果显示,扩增条带与预期目的片段大小(266bp)相符,未扩增出弓形虫等虫种的阳性DNA片段;扩增片段经克隆、测序发现与引物基因序列的同源性为100%;最低检出量为32.5fg/μL,是三步法PCR的10-1倍,但循环时间缩短了38min;重复3次对10-4、10-5、10-6和10-7稀释的阳性质粒进行二温扩增,10-7稀释均未出现扩增条带。同时对156份牛全血DNA进行检测,检出率为10.90%(17/156),与《新孢子虫病检疫技术规范》(SN/T 3499—2013)的检出符合率为83.33%(30/36),二者检测结果差异性不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,建立的二温式PCR检测方法可用于临床诊断和日常监测新孢子虫,为监控"带虫宿主"提供技术支撑。     

牛新孢子虫二温式PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据已发表的犬新孢子虫种属特异性基因片段Nc-5基因序列设计合成一对特异性引物,采用均匀设计方法对引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP、Taq酶和退火温度进行了优化,建立了检测牛新孢子虫的二温式PCR方法.该方法对牛新孢子虫DNA的检测灵敏度为23.5 fg/反应.应用该方法对50份全血和8份流产胎儿样本进行了检测,有3份...     

牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病双重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立区分检测牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病的双重PCR方法,本研究以已发表的牛新孢子虫Nc-5基因和弓形虫GRA6基因分别作为目的基因,各设计一对引物,可分别扩增出222bp和124bp的目的条带。经优化反应条件,建立了可同时检测牛新孢子虫病和弓形虫病的双重PCR方法。该方法对上述两种基因的检测灵敏度均为103copies/反应,只比单PCR的灵敏度低10倍,且具有较好的特异性和重复性。经临床应用验证,该方法可用来对新孢子虫病和弓形虫病进行同步快速检测。     

新孢子虫荧光PCR检测方法的研究

根据已知的犬新孢子虫种属特异性基因片段Nc-5基因序列,设计荧光定量PCR引物和荧光探针,经反应条件的优化,建立了检测新孢子虫的荧光定量PCR方法。该方法的检测灵敏度为10拷贝/反应。通过对系列稀释的重组质粒进行重复性检测,Ct值的变异系数为0.50%~1.18%。应用该方法对50份牛全血和8份流产胎儿样本进行检测,有5份全血和1份流产胎儿样本为阳性,阳性检出率均为10.3%,比普通PCR方法阳性检出率（7%）高。且具有较好的特异性和可重复性,可用来对新孢子虫病快速准确检测。     

基于Nc-5基因的新孢子虫病PCR诊断方法的建立

根据GenBank上登录的犬新孢子虫Nc-5基因序列(AF061249),利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计1对特异性引物,以牛源犬新孢子虫吉林株DNA为模板建立了PCR诊断方法。结果显示:建立的PCR方法扩增片段大小为608 bp,克隆基因测得序列与美国株(AF061249)同源性为99%;该方法扩增不出弓形虫、牛瑟氏泰勒虫等基因片段;扩增样本DNA含量为26.5 fg,具有较好的特异性和敏感性;应用建立的PCR方法与环介导等温扩增(LAMP)进行比较,其阳性符合率达100%。说明建立的PCR诊断方法具有特异、敏感、快速等优点,完全适用于新孢子虫病的诊断。     

牛新孢子虫病PCR检测方法的建立和应用

犬新孢子虫感染是导致妊娠母牛流产的主要原因之一，准确快速地诊断是有目的治疗该病的前提。本研究根据已知的犬新孢子虫种属特异性基因片段Nc-5基因序列，设计了一对特异性引物，建立了检测犬新孢子虫的PCR技术。利用本方法可以从感染牛胎儿的脑脊液及实质脏器中扩增出1条大小为350bp的特异性核酸片段。在吉林省延边龙井地区的应用检测结果表明，流产牛胎儿中新孢子虫感染率为17％（15／90）。本方法在实际应用中快速、灵敏、特异性高，可以用于牛和其它动物新孢子虫病的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

吉林株犬新孢子虫的分离与鉴定

将疑似感染犬新孢子虫而流产的牛胎儿脑组织接种于Vero细胞进行体外培养,同时感染长爪沙鼠进行动物试验.提取牛流产胎儿脑组织DNA、沙鼠脑组织DNA、细胞培养虫体DNA,用犬新孢子虫特异性引物进行PCR扩增.结果显示,PCR扩增出了1条约为681 bp的目的条带;测序结果表明,扩增出的特异性目的基因序列与GenBank中发表的犬新孢子虫NcSAG1基因(AF113004)核苷酸序列的同源性为99.4%.结果表明,在吉林省牛流产胎儿脑组织中分离出犬新孢子虫.     

乳牛流产胎儿中新孢子虫的鉴定

在血清学调查的基础上，进行了流产胎牛体内新孢子虫的鉴定。取新孢子虫血清抗体阳性乳牛的流产胎牛的脑、心、肺、脾、肝等组织进行病理学检查，经HE染色观察到脑组织中存在类似于新孢子虫包囊样结构，经免疫组织化学染色排除刚地弓形虫包囊的存在，确认该包囊为新孢子虫包囊。同时提取流产胎牛脑组织DNA，应用新孢子虫特异性引物Np6／Np21进行PCR扩增，扩增出的特异性目的争带的序列与新孢子虫标准株Nc-1的gene5序列的一致性为98％。首次证实我国大陆流产胎牛脑组织中存在新孢子虫。     

牛卵形巴贝斯虫巢式PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank上发表的牛卵形巴贝斯虫CCTη基因序列设计合成2对巢式PCR引物,建立牛卵形巴贝斯虫巢式PCR诊断方法,对该方法的最佳反应条件进行了筛选,并进行了特异性、敏感性及临床样本检测试验。结果表明,建立的巢式PCR方法外引物扩增牛卵形巴贝斯虫基因组片段的长度为1 008bp,内引物为537bp;该方法扩增不出牛瑟氏泰勒虫、弓形虫、犬新孢子虫基因组DNA;最低检测DNA含量为16fg;通过对46份临床样本的检测,该巢式PCR较常规PCR阳性检出率高8.7%。本试验为牛卵形巴贝斯虫病的诊断提供了一种更为特异、敏感的检测技术。     

猴源环孢子虫巢式PCR检测方法的建立

环孢子虫是一类可引起人和动物腹泻的重要寄生性原虫。为建立猴源环孢子虫的巢式PCR检测方法,根据该环孢子虫18S rDNA基因序列,设计一对保守引物N18SA/N18SS和一对特异性引物CYJS/CYJA,通过阳性质粒摸索该检测方法的最佳反应条件,进行特异性和敏感性试验,并应用该方法对87份猴粪样本进行了临床检测。结果显示该巢式PCR能特异性地扩增出猴源环孢子虫目的片段,与微小隐孢子虫、阿米巴原虫等8种DNA无交叉反应,最低能检测0.2 fg的阳性质粒DNA,对临床样本的检出率比传统方法(饱和蔗糖漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法)提高2.3%~3.4%。可见,该巢式PCR方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,对于环孢子虫病的诊断和分子流行病学调查具有重要的应用价值。     

Establishing the Screening PCR Diagnostic Method of Neosporacaninum Based on Nc2 and Nc5 Genes

To screen applicable PCR diagnostic primers of Neosporacaninum based on Nc2 and Nc5 genes,two pairs of primer were designed according to the Nc2 and Nc5 genes sequences conserved region and"Quarantine Protocol For Neosporosis"(SN/T 3499-2013)were applied to verify the characteristic of primers.14 Holstein and 19 Simmental cattles blood DNA were detected using these primers by PCR to select specific primers which would be used to establish the new detection method and understand the neosporiasis infection rate of different local cattle farms.The results showed that 105,128 and 231 bp gene fragments were amplified using three pairs of primers,which were consistent with the expected fragment size.The F1/R1 and SN/T 3499 F/SN/T 3499 R minimum detectable amount both were 19.9 fg/ μL and the minimum amount of F2/R2 was 199 fg/ μL,indicating that F1/R1 and SN/T 3499 F/SN/T 3499 R were more sensitive than F2/R2.The bands were bright when used F1/R1,F2/R2 primers to amplify 19.9 pg/μL and 199 fg/μL DNA samples,proving two primers had good repeatability.6 positive samples were detected among 33 blood samples,and the positive rate was 21.43% and 15.79%,the recombination rate was 100%.It showed that F1/R1 and F2/R2 primer were both suitable to detect eneosporosis by PCR and the method was preliminary established.The condition of local cattle Neosporacaninum infections were learned.This study could provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of neosporosis.     

5种常见犬腹泻病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立一种简便、快速、高效的可同时区分犬腺病毒1型（canine adenovirus type 1,CAV-1）、犬腺病毒2型（canine adenovirus type 2,CAV-2）、犬冠状病毒（canine coronavirus,CCV）、犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）、犬细小病毒（canine parvovirus,CPV） 5种常见犬腹泻病毒的基因芯片诊断方法,本研究以CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV、CPV 5种犬腹泻病毒为靶病毒,根据NCBI上收录的病毒基因序列在其保守区域内设计引物,在此基础上根据变异区域设计针对每种病毒的探针2~3条,优化检测体系的各反应条件,确定该检测方法的特异性与敏感性,建立可同时区分5种病毒的基因芯片检测方法。结果显示,建立的基因芯片检测方法可同时检测以上述5种犬腹泻病毒,其中PCR的退火温度为55℃、延伸时间为1 min 15 s;探针与PCR产物的杂交温度40℃、杂交时间2.5 h时,该方法对CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV和CPV 5种病毒标准品的检测限分别为0.2 fg/μL、2 fg/μL、2 fg/μL、20 pg/μL和0.02 fg/μL,具有较高的灵敏性;同时对犬副流感病毒进行特异性试验,发现无阳性信号出现,具有较强的特异性;对14份临床腹泻样品检测结果显示,基因芯片方法对CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV和CPV 5种病毒的阳性检出率分别为28.57%、50.00%、64.28%、14.28%和85.71%,并且基因芯片检测方法的敏感性较PCR要高10~100倍。以上结果表明,本研究建立的基因芯片检测方法具有特异、敏感等特点,对临床中犬类混合感染病毒检测具有一定的诊断意义。     

奶牛性别鉴定的研究与应用

选取牛雄性性别决定基因SRY (sex region of Y chromosome),根据基因序列设计特异引物,应用PCR技术对5头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行扩增,鉴定其性别;并对设计的引物灵敏度进行检测;对已有的公、母各20头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行PCR盲检,获取奶牛高灵敏度特异性引物,用于奶牛性别鉴定。结果表明,4头公牛DNA样品可以扩增出目标条带(66 bp),1头母牛DNA样品无法扩增出条带,阴性对照扩增无条带;最佳引物灵敏度为1.6 pg/μL,可以很好地满足性别鉴定需要。40头个体中,20头个体DNA样品可以扩增出条带,其余20头个体DNA样品无法扩增出条带,检测结果与实际性别对比准确率为100%。试验结果表明,设计的引物灵敏度比较好,能够满足奶牛性别鉴定的需要。     

垂穗披碱草ISSR反应体系的正交优化

以垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)基因组DNA为模板,对ISSR-PCR反应体系中5个因素(TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、模板DNA、dNTPs、引物)进行优化试验.建立垂穗披碱草稳定的ISSR-PCR反应体系及最佳扩增程序.在25 μL反应体系中,最佳反应体系为2.5 μL 10×buffer(不含Mg2+)...     

猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

猫传染性鼻气管炎(FIR)病毒是引起猫传染性鼻气管炎的病原,属于猫疱疹病毒1型(FHV-1)。选择FHV-1gD基因设计1对引物FHV-1F、FHV-1R和探针FHV-1Probe,建立FHV-1实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法可以特异地检测出FHV-1的DNA,敏感性达到75fg/μL,反应效率达到107%,R²值为0.9965,Ct值的变异系数低于2%。FHV-1实时荧光定量PCR检测方法敏感性高于普通PCR,特异性好、稳定性好,适用于FHV-1的临床诊断、检测和流行病学调查。利用该方法对上海地区宠物门诊送检的疑似FHV-1感染的样品进行检测,其阳性率达到27.78％,表明上海地区宠物猫FHV-1的发病率处于较高水平。     

Establishment and Application of Quantitative Real-time PCR Detection Method for Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus

Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is the pathogeny of feline infectious rhinotracheitis.Based on the sequence of gD gene of FHV-1, one pair of primers(FHV-1F and FHV-1R) and FHV-1Probe were designed for the quantitative Real-time PCR detection method.The results showed that the method could detect FHV-1 DNA specifically and the sensitivity was 75 fg/μL.The reaction efficiency reached 107%, and the R² value was 0.9965.The coefficient of variance(CV) was below 2%.And the method was more sensitive than common PCR.It was specific, stable, and suitable for clinical diagnosis, detection and epidemiological investigation.Using this method, the Shanghai area pet clinic censorship suspected FHV-1 infected samples were detected, and the positive rate reached 27.78%, which indicated that the incidence of FHV-1 in Shanghai area was at a high level.     

Development and Preliminary Application of a Semi-nested PCR Assay for Detection of Chicken Parvovirus

In order to set up and optimize a semi-nested PCR for rapid detection of chicken parvovirus (ChPV), three specific primers were designed according to conserved sequences of NS 1 gene of ChPV. The specificity and sensitivity of ChPV semi-nested PCR were tested, and the assay was applied to detect 48 clinical samples. The specificity and sensitivity tests showed that this semi-nested PCR was only sensitive to ChPV for amplifying specific band of 186 bp and it could detect 5.62 fg/μL of ChPV DNA, without any sensitivity to other viruses, such as Newcastle disease virus, H9 subtype avian influenza virus, Marek's disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus and infectious bronchitis virus. 48 chicken samples were detected and the positive rate was 16.67% (8/48). The results of our study demonstrated that the optimized semi-nested PCR could be a method that was suitable for clinical detection of ChPV.     

鸡细小病毒半巢式PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的检测鸡细小病毒（chicken parvovirus,ChPV）的方法,根据ChPV的保守基因NS1设计了3条特异性引物,建立并优化了能快速检测ChPV的半巢式PCR方法,对其进行特异性和敏感性试验,并用所建立的方法对48份临床样品进行了检测。特异性和敏感性试验结果显示,建立的半巢式PCR只对ChPV敏感,扩增产物为186 bp的特异性条带;其最低能检测到5.62 fg/μL的ChPV DNA;而对鸡新城疫病毒、H9亚型禽流感病毒、马立克氏病病毒、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒不敏感。临床检测结果显示,同时对48份临床样品进行检测,检出率为16.67%（8/48）,提示广西区内鸡群存在ChPV感染。本研究建立的ChPV半巢式PCR方法适用于ChPV的临床检测。     

Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in sheep and goat flocks in southern Italy by PCR using four different primer sets

An epidemiological survey was performed to detect the presence of Chlamydophila (C.) abortus and other members of the order Chlamydiales in ovine and caprine flocks with a history of abortion in southern Italy. Four pairs of primers were compared to evaluate their ability to detect Chlamydiales using purified DNA preparations and tissue samples from aborted foetuses with suspected chlamydial infections. As expected, amplification of DNA of the reference strain C. abortus using primer pairs U23F/23Sigr, 16SF2/23R, CTU/CTL and CpsiA/CpsiB produced fragments of about 600 bp, 585 bp, 1000 bp and 300 bp, respectively. The detection limits of the four PCR tests performed on serial DNA dilutions of the C. abortus reference strain were of 10 pg, 0.1 pg, 0.1 pg and 1 fg of DNA, respectively. The most sensitive amplification of DNA extracted from the organ tissues was obtained with primer pairs CpsiA/CpsiB, which detected Chlamydophila spp. DNA in all infected tissue samples. Only C. abortus was identified during the survey. The presence of this agent was confirmed in 3 out of 27 ovine and caprine flocks included in the survey suggesting that abortion due to C. abortus is uncommon in southern Italy.     

Evaluation of LSSP-PCR for identification of Leptospira spp. in urine samples of cattle with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis

We evaluated the use of low-stringency single specific primer PCR (LSSP-PCR) for genetically typing Leptospira directly from urine samples of cattle with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis. Urine samples obtained from 40 cattle with clinical suspicion of leptospirosis were amplified by specific PCR using the following primers: Internal 1/Internal 2 and G1/G2. The internal primers were designed from the gene sequence of the outer membrane lipoprotein Lip32 from Leptospira kirschneri, strain RM52. The PCR products were amplified with these two pairs of primers, which had approximately 497 and 285bp, respectively, and were subsequently used as a template for LSSP-PCR analysis. The genetic signatures from the leptospires which were present in the urine samples allowed us to make a preliminary identification of the leptospires by comparing the LSSP-PCR profiles obtained directly from urine samples with those from reference leptospires. The LSSP-PCR profiles obtained with the Internal 1 primer or with the G1 primer allowed the grouping of the leptospires into serogroups. LSSP-PCR was found to be a useful and sensitive approach capable of identifying leptospires directly from biological samples without the need for prior bacterial isolation. In conclusion, the LSSP-PCR technique may still be helpful in discriminating serogroups of Leptospira from different animal reservoirs, since the early identification of carrier animals and information on the shedding state are crucial to prevent the spread of leptospiral infection to other animals and humans.