复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

不同精粗比底物下添加复合营养调控剂对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

为了探讨复合营养调控剂在不同精粗比条件下对绵羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响,试验采用两因素交叉分组试验设计,因素一设4个水平发酵底物,分别是粗料组(Ⅰ组);粗料+基础精料组(Ⅱ组);粗料+基础精料+复合配方1组(0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素)(Ⅲ组);粗料+基础精料+复合配方2组(0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)(Ⅳ组),同时另设5个水平精粗比饲料(3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3)。培养72h采样并测定培养液pH、NH3-N和VFA浓度。结果表明:随着精粗比增加,pH和NH3-N浓度下降,且精粗比为4∶6时,试验Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组分别降低3.23%、2.22%(P0.05);乙酸浓度、乙/丙、甲烷排出等随着精料比增加呈下降趋势,丙酸呈升高趋势。在不同精粗比条件下,补饲精料组之间pH、NH3-N浓度差异均不显著(P0.05)。随着精粗比增大,pH、NH3-N浓度呈下降趋势,发酵产气量呈上升趋势。与补饲基础精料组相比,基础精料中添加以苹果酸、半胱胺、糖萜素配制而成的复合营养调控剂可降低发酵液中NH3-N浓度、乙酸浓度、乙/丙值、甲烷排出量,同时升高丙酸浓度,改善瘤胃发酵类型。     

冷季补饲对欧拉型藏羊生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究冷季精料补饲量对欧拉型藏羊生长性能的影响。选择9月龄欧拉型藏羊羯羊40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,Ⅰ组(放牧)、Ⅱ组(放牧+0.1 kg混合精料)、Ⅲ组(放牧+0.2 kg混合精料)、Ⅳ组(放牧+0.3 kg混合精料),试验期210 d(2017年10月中旬—2018年5月中旬)。每30天测定试验羊体重、体尺及其所在草场牧草营养成分。结果表明:(1)牧草干物质、中性洗涤纤维含量均随枯草期的延长呈上升趋势,代谢能、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量随着枯草季节的延长逐月下降。(2)所有试验动物平均日增重10—12月份增加,1—4月份增重放缓(其中I组动物平均日增重为负值),4—5月份动物平均日增重缓慢回升;整个试验期平均日增重为Ⅳ组Ⅲ组Ⅱ组Ⅰ组(P0.05)。(3)至试验结束各处理组试验动物体尺(除胸围外)变化均为Ⅳ组Ⅲ组Ⅱ组Ⅰ组。(4)经济效益分析表明,随着精料补饲量的加大,枯草期羊的平均日增重、精饲料成本和利润均在增大。整个试验期,IV组每只羊利润较I组高出约1倍(77.10元);III组每只羊的利润较I组增加45.90元。结论:随枯草季节的延长,牧草营养成分明显降低,4月份牧草营养成分降至一年中最低水平;冷季补饲精饲料,可显著增加欧拉型藏羊过冬度春的能力,增加经济效益;在该试验条件下,冷季精料补饲量越高,羊的日增重越高,经济效益越好。     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响

本试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选择60只3月龄左右杜寒F₁代公羔进行试验,测定不同水平葡萄渣对羔羊生产性能、屠宰性能和养分消化代谢的影响。本试验设4个饲粮处理组,每个处理15个重复,每个重复一只羊,Ⅰ为基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理组为饲粮中分别含有8%,16%和24%的葡萄渣,缩合单宁(condensed tannins,CT)含量分别为0,1.5,3.0和4.5 g/kg。结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组羔羊日采食量、日增重、胴体重、屠宰率和胴体脂肪含量都显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),N表观存留率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ组羔羊的酸性洗涤纤维和N表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组羔羊的饲料转化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),净肉率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。随着CT含量的增加,羔羊的N、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率逐渐降低,N的表观存留率逐渐升高,综合考虑羔羊日增重、饲料转化率、屠宰性能和养分利用率等指标,饲粮中葡萄渣以8%~16%为宜。     

精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响

为了研究精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵和菌群结构的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况良好的公牦牛48头,随机分为4组,每组12头,以放牧为对照组,3个补饲组分别补饲0.5（Ⅰ）、1.5（Ⅱ）和2.5 kg·d^-1（Ⅲ）精料。预试期10 d,正式期60 d。结果表明：1）随着精料补饲水平的提高,瘤胃液pH值,乙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸值呈线性和二次降低（P<0.05）;瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度呈线性和二次提高（P<0.05）;其中补饲Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）。2）4组共产生3138个OTU,其中共有OTU为1337个,占总OTU数目的42.61%,对照组与补饲Ⅲ组独有OTU分别为183和106个;瘤胃液细菌的物种数、Chao1指数和香农（Shannon）指数随精料补饲的提高呈线性和二次降低（P<0.05）。3）在门水平上,瘤胃拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度呈线性和二次提高（P<0.05）;而厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度随精料补饲水平提高呈线性和二次降低（P<0.05）;放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度随精料补饲水平的提高呈线性提高（P<0.05）。在属水平上,随精料补饲水平的提高,瘤胃普雷沃菌属_1（Prevotella_1）、克里斯滕森菌科_R-7（Christensenellaceae_R-7）及普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-001（Prevotellaceae_UCG-001）相对丰度呈线性和二次提高（P<0.05）;而解琥珀酸菌属（Succiniclasticum）和瘤胃球菌科_UCG-005（Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005）相对丰度随着精料补饲水平的提高呈线性和二次降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,适宜提高精料补饲水平能够促进暖季放牧牦牛瘤胃发酵,提高瘤胃部分淀粉相关降解菌的丰度。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的研究

试验旨在研究鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的影响。选取体重相似、健康状况基本相同的360只1日龄肉鸡随机分成3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只。试验预试期7 d,正试期35 d。试验Ⅰ组为阳性对照组,试验Ⅱ组为阴性对照组,均饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅲ组在基础饲料中添加1%发酵中草药制剂,且试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在肉鸡35日龄时腹腔注射大肠杆菌菌悬液1 mL,连续攻毒2 d,测定肉鸡死亡率、免疫器官指数、盲肠菌群含量、免疫球蛋白水平和白介素含量。结果表明,腹腔注射大肠杆菌造成鸡大量死亡,试验Ⅱ组高达75.00%,显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后鸡死亡率显著下降(P < 0.05),仅有23.33%;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组脾脏指数和法氏囊指数显著升高(P < 0.05),但使用发酵中草药微生态制剂后脾脏指数接近于试验Ⅰ组,而法氏囊指数稍高于试验Ⅰ组,说明发酵中草药微生态制剂可以抵抗大肠杆菌感染,脾脏和法氏囊发育不受影响;注射大肠杆菌后试验Ⅲ组大肠杆菌数量显著下降(P < 0.05),但试验Ⅲ组由于饲喂发酵中草药复合芽孢杆菌制剂,肠道乳杆菌数量显著增加,抑制大肠杆菌的繁殖,从而大肠杆菌数量与正常饲喂状态下的试验Ⅰ组趋于一致;42日龄时,盲肠内容物sIgA含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组11.99%和36.56%(P < 0.05),血清IgG含量试验Ⅲ组分别高出试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组14.68%和28.15%(P < 0.05);42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组IL-2含量最低,显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅲ组IL-6含量显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05)。     

苜蓿草粉对黄河鲤鱼生长性能及着色的影响

研究不同水平0%(对照组)、5%(试验Ⅰ组)、10%(试验Ⅱ组)、15%(试验Ⅲ组)和20%(试验Ⅳ组)的苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草粉对黄河鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)生长性能及着色的影响。结果显示:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重、特定生长率、增重率、饵料系数均优于对照组,但差异均不显著;试验Ⅲ组显著(P<0.05)、试验Ⅳ组极显著(P<0.01)低于对照组;在肌肉中,各试验组类胡萝卜素的含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),在皮肤中,试验Ⅰ组显著(P<0.05)、试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的饲料增重成本均低于对照组,但差异均不显著。综合表明,在鲤鱼饲粮中添加5%~10%的苜蓿草粉为宜。     

绿汁发酵液对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响

试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液(previously fermented juice,PFJ)对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响。以热研2号柱花草为原料进行青贮试验,设对照组(直接青贮)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ组,各试验组PFJ添加比例为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%,30 d后测定柱花草青贮饲料主要营养成分含量及发酵品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高(P < 0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均有不同程度的降低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组柱花草青贮的饲料相对值(RFV)显著提高(P < 0.05)。添加PFJ试验组与对照组相比显著降低了青贮饲料的pH (P < 0.05),乙酸和丙酸含量均有不同程度的降低,乳酸含量显著提高(P < 0.05)。柱花草直接青贮品质较差,添加PFJ提高了饲料青贮质量评分等级。综上所述,添加PFJ可提高营养价值,明显改善柱花草青贮品质,PFJ添加量为4%时青贮效果最好。     

补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊生长性能和血液指标的影响

本文旨在研究内蒙古牧区冬春季低质粗料供给条件下,补饲不同能氮比精料对羔羊生长性能及血清指标的影响。采取单因子试验设计选取(61±2)日龄健康、体重为(20.56±1.43)kg断奶的羔羊128只,公母各占1/2,分成4组,每组32个重复,每个重复1只羊,分别补饲消化能(DE)水平相近、粗蛋白质(CP)水平逐渐升高的4种颗粒精料,其能氮比(采用DE/CP)分别为90.03(Ⅰ组)、82.55(Ⅱ组)、73.25(Ⅲ组)、67.87 M J/kg(Ⅳ组)。试验期40 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组平均日增重分别高于Ⅳ组7.75%(P0.01)、Ⅰ组4.94%(P0.05)和Ⅱ组3.41%(P0.05),且该组料重比最优。2)Ⅰ组羔羊末体高极显著低于其他组(P0.01),其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组母羔末体高分别比Ⅰ组高3.68%、4.12%、4.44%(P0.05);不同能氮比精料对不同性别羔羊的胸围增长、胸围增长率无显著影响(P0.05)。3)血清尿素氮含量随着精料蛋白质水平增加而升高,Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.01);Ⅲ组羔羊血清中白细胞介素-6含量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P0.05),免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。结果提示,牧区冬春季枯草期对羔羊及时补饲精料能够取得较好的生长效果,不同能氮比精料对牧区羔羊部分血清指标产生显著影响,补饲精料最适能氮比为73.25 MJ/kg。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Meat Quality of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used,48 grazing ewes with 7 months old and the average body weight (28.01±1.70) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with routine concentrate;Group Ⅲ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1 (0.30% malic acid,0.06% cysteamine,0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 2 (0.60% malic acid,0.12% cysteamine,0.16% saccharicterpenin).And there were 3 repeats for each group with 4 grazing ewes in each repeat.At the end of experiment,the longissimus dorsi of ewes were collected to determine the content of meat nutrient and amino acids.The results showed that:① The crude fat content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 27.92% (P < 0.05),16.67% (P > 0.05) and 7.85% (P > 0.05),respectively.The crude protein content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 7.35% (P < 0.05),3.94% (P > 0.05) and 2.49% (P > 0.05),respectively.The shear force in three supplementary feeding groups were extremely significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01) and compared with group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ was decreased by 3.98% (P < 0.05).② Compared with group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the proline content of group Ⅳ was increased by 38.34% (P < 0.01) and 22.75% (P < 0.05),respectively.While the proline content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠand Ⅱ by 19.63% (P > 0.05) and 6.15% (P > 0.05),respectively.Except for proline,other amino acids were not significant different among the four experimental groups (P > 0.05).In conclusion,in this trial,supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on crude fat,crude protein and shear force and amino acids contents,also improved the flavor and nutritional value of grazing sheep in cold season.Taking into consideration various factors,the effect of group Ⅲ (supplementing routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1) was the most obvious,which had the practical guiding importance in improving the meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.     

Research Lactobacillus rhamnosusFermented Herbal and Bacillus subtilis Complex on Immune Performance,E.coli Infection of Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented herbal and Bacillus subtilis on White Feather broiler immunity performance and impact of Escherichia coli infection.360 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 chickens per replicate.The pretrial period lasted for 7 d,and the experiment lasted for 35 d.The chickens in the group Ⅰ(positive control group) and group Ⅱ(negative control group)were all only fed a basal diet,group Ⅲ was test group,by additive 1% fermented herbal preparations,groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL E.coli at 35 d,broiler mortality,immune organ index,cecalmicroflora content,immunoglobulin levels,IL-2 and IL-6 content were tested.The results showed that injection of E.coli caused massive death of chickens,group Ⅱtook up to 75.00%,it was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05),the mortality in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05),was only 23.33%.Injection of E.coli maked spleen index and thymus index of group Ⅱincreased significantly (P < 0.05),the spleen index and thymus index of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).E.coli counts was significantly decreased after injectionin group Ⅲ (P < 0.05),but the number of intestinal Lactobacilli of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P < 0.05),and inhibited the propagation of E.coli,the counts of E.coli in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).At 42 d,the sIgA of the intestinal fluid in group Ⅲ were higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ with 11.99% and 36.56%,respectively(P < 0.05).The serum IgG concentrations of group Ⅲ was higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱwith 14.68% and 28.15%,respectively(P < 0.05).At 42 d,the IL-2 content of group Ⅱ was the lowest,it was significantly lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),the IL-6 of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05).     

饲喂全株玉米青贮及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中两种全株玉米青贮比例及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体况良好的6~8月龄疆岳驴断奶公驴40头（106.02 kg±11.81 kg）,随机分为5组：全株玉米青贮占粗饲料的比例分别为0（Ⅰ组）、30%（Ⅱ组）、60%（Ⅲ组）及额外补充碳酸氢钠的Ⅳ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料30%+碳酸氢钠）和Ⅴ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料60%+碳酸氢钠）,碳酸氢钠正常添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%计算,额外添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%+全株玉米青贮干物质的1%计算,每组8头驴,按照等能等氮原则设计饲粮。预饲期12 d,正试期120 d。结果显示,随着全株玉米青贮添加量的增加,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组料重比逐渐下降,其中试验Ⅲ组显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率最高,显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,总蛋白、肌酐含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组葡萄糖含量极显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组总胆固醇含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。与同等比例添加全珠玉米青贮的组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅳ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组平均日增重高于试验Ⅴ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组料重比显著低于试验Ⅴ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组料重比低于试验Ⅳ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、能量和粗灰分的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ组营养物质的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅳ组总胆固醇含量及谷丙转氨酶活力均显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ~Ⅴ组疆岳驴每千克增重成本分别为16.40、15.10、14.79、17.34和16.10元,整个试验期每头驴毛利润分别为711.27、837.53、871.98、629.46和738.16元。综上,在本试验条件下,以生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标为评价依据,综合经济效益比较,以在基础饲粮（以DM为基础）中添加0.28%碳酸氢钠时、全贮玉米青贮占粗饲料60%（在基础饲粮DM中添加26.67%）饲喂疆岳驴公驴效果最优,无需额外补充碳酸氢钠。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪血液和免疫指标的影响

试验针对不同芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪血液学指标、血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响进行了研究。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加凝结芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌复合制剂,添加量0.2%,饲喂43 d。结果表明,各组的血液红细胞数、白细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的血清谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐和葡萄糖含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的血清谷草转氨酶含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组的血清IgG和IgM含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。研究结果为芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。