支原体培养基质控菌株菌种代次与生长曲线研究

为探究支原体液体培养基和固体培养基质控菌猪鼻支原体生长规律,以活菌浓度,菌液pH值为指标,比较了不同代次与不同传代方式猪鼻支原体生长情况。结果显示:3%与10%浓度传代,0~48 h内,活菌浓度持续上升,菌液pH值持续下降,3%浓度传代的支原体生长较均匀,更利于菌种生长;1~5代支原体活菌浓度无显著差异;通过0.3 mL菌液加9.7 mL培养基传代,20组菌液平均浓度为(24.4±5.7)×10~8CFU/mL,通过0.9 mL菌液加29.1 mL培养基传代,菌液平均浓度为(7.2±2.1)×10~8CFU/mL,两种浓度差异极显著,前种传代方式更有利于支原体生长。本次试验为支原体液体和固体培养基的质控工作标准化提供参考。     

陕西青脚麻肉鸡肠道定殖菌的生活状态和分布研究

为了解陕西青脚麻肉鸡肠道定殖菌的生活状态及分布,试验采用梯度稀释和组织培养方法对青脚麻肉鸡肠道定殖菌进行培养并计数。结果表明,芽孢菌在青脚麻肉鸡小肠中后段达到最大值,菌体总数达6.5×10⁵ CFU/mL;酵母菌在盲肠中的菌体总数仅为6.8×10⁴ CFU/mL;乳酸菌在十二指肠后段的菌体总数仅为8.6×10⁴ CFU/mL。综上所述,陕西青脚麻肉鸡肠道中定殖有芽孢菌的分布,酵母菌和乳酸菌定殖甚少。     

大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌对奶牛子宫内膜组织细胞因子表达及损伤程度的影响

本试验旨在研究体外感染金黄色葡萄球菌与大肠杆菌对奶牛子宫内膜组织中细胞因子白介素-6（IL-6）、IL-1β和IL-8的表达及损伤程度的影响。以体外培养的奶牛子宫内膜组织作为研究对象,采用1×10⁵~1×10⁹ CFU/mL大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌对奶牛子宫内膜组织进行体外感染,通过实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA方法检测两种细菌刺激后奶牛子宫内膜组织中IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8 mRNA与蛋白的表达量,并用HE染色法观察两种细菌感染后奶牛子宫内膜组织病理学切片。结果显示,1×10⁵~1×10⁹ CFU/mL大肠杆菌体外感染后,奶牛子宫内膜组织中IL-6、IL-1β和IL-8 mRNA表达量均极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）;金黄色葡萄球菌感染浓度为1×10⁵、1×10⁶ CFU/mL时,IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达量极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）,感染浓度为1×10⁷ CFU/mL时,IL-6、IL-1β mRNA表达量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）,感染浓度为1×10⁶ CFU/mL时,IL-8 mRNA表达量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其他感染浓度均与空白对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。奶牛子宫内膜组织感染1×10⁵~1×10⁹ CFU/mL金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌时,IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8蛋白表达量均极显著高于空白对照组（P<0.01）。相同浓度的大肠杆菌感染奶牛子宫内膜组织后,IL-6、IL-1β及IL-8 mRNA与蛋白表达量均极显著高于金黄色葡萄球菌感染组（P<0.01）。HE切片染色结果显示,大肠杆菌感染后仍有部分上皮细胞保留,而金黄色葡萄球菌感染后上皮细胞全部脱落。本试验结果表明,大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌感染奶牛子宫内膜组织后,引起的炎症反应不同。大肠杆菌感染后,促炎性细胞因子被显著上调,而金黄色葡萄球菌感染后破坏子宫内膜上皮细胞程度更加严重。     

MTT-分光光度法快速测定地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液活菌数的研究

试验以地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液为研究对象,旨在建立1种快速、稳定、灵敏度高的活菌计数方法,并探讨MTT-分光光度法用于活菌计数的可行性。试验筛选显色反应终止液最适浓度、最适反应波长、最适反应时间、最适菌液浓度等,考察不同培养基、培养液保存后和其他干扰物对测定结果的影响,并对比MTT-分光光度法与稀释平板法测定发酵菌液中地衣芽孢杆菌活菌数结果的关系。结果显示,在最大吸收波长550 nm处测定OD值,反应时间为1 h,反应终止液为1.0 mol/L盐酸,MTT添加量为0.2 mL,新鲜的地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液OD值>0.04。菌液浓度为10⁸～10⁹ CFU/m L时,OD_{550 nm}值与稀释平板法得到的活菌数具有很好的线性对应关系,当菌液浓度<10⁸ CFU/mL时对应关系不再成立。研究表明,活菌量>10⁸ CFU/mL时,MTT-分光光度法不受地衣芽孢杆菌生长阶段的影响,可准确计量地衣芽孢杆菌发酵液活菌量相对应的吸光度,从而快速、准确地检测活菌数。     

蛋白质免疫印迹快速测定猪肺炎支原体抗原含量

为建立快速测定猪肺炎支原体抗原含量的方法,试验应用P46单抗建立不同CCU含量的猪肺炎支原体抗原蛋白免疫印迹图谱,测定不同批次的猪肺炎支原体抗原CCU含量,并与Western blot(WB)测定的CCU进行比较.结果 显示:曝光5s,107 CCU/mL含量以上的猪肺炎支原体抗原在46 kDa处有条带,且条带粗细、明...     

乳品中大肠杆菌PMA-qPCR活菌检测方法的建立

本试验旨在建立一种乳品中大肠杆菌PMA-qPCR活菌检测方法.优化qPCR检测方法,探究菌浓度为1×10⁸ CFU/mL的大肠杆菌活菌悬液、热致死菌悬液细胞数来确定不同的PMA剂量、暗孵育时间、曝光时间对死菌抑制效果的影响,确定最佳PMA处理方案.结果表明,qPCR检测可特异性扩增大肠杆菌,1×10⁸ CFU/mL的大肠杆菌经90 ℃水浴30 s全部致死后,采用10 μg/mL的 PMA暗孵育15 min后冰上曝光10 min为最佳处理方案,这种处理方案可最大程度抑制死细胞信号,而对活细胞几乎没有影响,样品中微生物初始浓度不低于1×10⁸ CFU/mL时较稳定,得到标准曲线回归方程y=-3.356x+47.413,R²=0.9989,最低检测限为10³ CFU/mL,加标样本检测结果与实际相符.该方法为利用PMA-qPCR检测食品中的活大肠杆菌杆菌奠定了基础.     

分段式补料批次发酵对凝结芽孢杆菌发酵水平的影响

试验采用分段式补料批次发酵技术对1株畜禽用凝结芽孢杆菌的发酵水平进行了研究,对数期补料促使菌体量大量积累,稳定期补料促进芽孢大量形成,从而达到高菌体量和高芽孢率的目的。试验结果表明,对数期补加淀粉量为总淀粉量的10%,豆粉和鱼粉(质量比为2:1)补加量为总豆粉和鱼粉量(质量比为2:1)的5%,补加方式为2次等量补加(间歇10～12 h),发酵水平由分批发酵6.80×10⁹ CFU/mL提高到8.30×10⁹ CFU/mL;稳定期最佳补料浓度为0.10 g/L碳酸钙、0.156 g/L磷酸二氢钠、0.30 g/L蛋氨酸,最佳补料方式为1次性补加,经稳定期补料优化,芽孢率由分批发酵的75.78%提高到85.63%。因此,采用分段式补料批次发酵技术能够进一步提升发酵液的菌体数和芽孢率。     

不同浓度赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长的影响

为研究不同浓度的赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长的影响,用2种不同浓度的赤霉酸溶液单独添加饲料乳酸菌（A4+A7）和纤维素分解菌（Nf+Y6）进行培养52 h,其中每4 h作一个单位测定出OD_{600 nm}值并绘制生长曲线,分析不同浓度的赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长的影响。结果表明,赤霉酸浓度为10 mg/L时,各组OD_{600 nm}值分别为0.64、0.70、0.84、0.78、0.72,其中试验组2的OD_{600 nm}值与对照组和其他试验组相比有明显增高,总活菌数高达11.6×10⁸ CFU/mL,比对照组（1.63×10⁸ CFU/mL）高7倍以上;当赤霉酸浓度增加到20 mg/L时,各组OD_{600 nm}值分别为0.64、0.60、0.59、0.59、0.63,其中各试验组的OD_{600 nm}值与对照组相比无明显差异（P>0.05）,试验组活菌数（1.60×10⁸ CFU/mL）与对照组相比（1.63×10⁸ CFU/mL）无明显差异（P>0.05）。通过试验数据和生长曲线得知赤霉酸浓度在10 mg/L时能促进乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生长繁殖;赤霉酸浓度为20 mg/L时乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生长速度明显下降。综上提示,适当添加赤霉酸对饲料添加菌生长有明显的促进作用,赤霉酸浓度过高则饲料添加菌的生长量降低。     

大肠杆菌对奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞炎性损伤的研究

试验旨在研究大肠杆菌（E.coli）对奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞（bovine endometrial epithelial cells,BEECs）的体外炎性损伤,探究大肠杆菌引发炎性反应的最佳浓度、作用时间及机制。首先,用不同浓度的大肠杆菌（5×10⁴、5×10⁵、1×10⁶、2.5×10⁶、5×10⁶ CFU/mL）诱导刺激细胞3、6和9 h,通过倒置显微镜观察细胞形态、CCK-8法测D_{450 nm}值,检测大肠杆菌对细胞活性的影响;其次,用不同浓度的大肠杆菌（5×10⁴、5×10⁵ CFU/mL）处理细胞3、6和9 h,用ELISA方法检测细胞上清液中白介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的分泌量;最后,用不同浓度的大肠杆菌（5×10⁴、5×10⁵ CFU/mL）处理细胞6和9 h,用Western blotting检测核因子κB抑制蛋白α（IκBα）和p65蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,大肠杆菌感染细胞9 h后,1×10⁶、2.5×10⁶和5×10⁶ CFU/mL大肠杆菌组细胞活性均极显著降低（P<0.01）,5×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌组显著降低（P<0.05）;大肠杆菌感染细胞9 h后,5×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α极显著升高（P<0.01）;大肠杆菌感染细胞6 h后,5×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌组IκBα、p65蛋白磷酸化水平和IL-6均极显著升高（P<0.01）,5×10⁴ CFU/mL大肠杆菌组IκBα和p65蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.05）。结果表明,大肠杆菌可以刺激奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞产生炎性反应,且当细胞与5×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌作用6 h或与5×10⁴ CFU/mL大肠杆菌作用9 h为最佳。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌GR-1缓解大肠杆菌诱导的奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞炎性反应

为明确鼠李糖乳杆菌GR-1(L.rhamnosus GR-1)在大肠杆菌感染原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞(BEECs)过程中调节炎性反应的机制，本试验将BEECs分为4个组，分别是对照组(加入5 mL培养基)、E.coli攻菌组(加入5 mL浓度为1×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌)、L.rhamnosus GR-1单独处理组(提前3 h加入5 mL浓度为1×10⁷ CFU/mL L.rhamnosus GR-1)和L.rhamnosus GR-1保护组(加入5 mL浓度为1×10⁷ CFU/mL L.rhamnosus GR-1孵育3 h后去掉上清液，再加入5 mL浓度为1×10⁵ CFU/mL大肠杆菌);采用光学显微镜观察E.coli对BEECs形态的损害情况，实时荧光定量PCR检测相关基因的转录水平，Western blot检测TLR2和NF-κB2的蛋白表达。结果显示，E.coli攻菌6 h后，与E.coli攻菌组相比，L.rhamnosus GR-1保护组BEECs形态保持完整，且TLR2、TL...     

Observation of the Growth Trends of Mycoplasma bovis with Four Different Antigen Quantitation Methods

To explore the antigen harvest time of Mycoplasma bovis (M.bovis) and the antigen quantitation alternative method,M.bovis 08M strain was inoculated in the Thiaucourt's medium.Four growth curve plottings were made by measuring color change units (CCU),colony forming units (CFU),protein concentration and nucleic acid levels.Both the results of CCU and CFU counts showed that the growth of M.bovis was divided into four phases,the logarithmic phase appeared after being cultrured 10 h,the stationary phase appeared at 30 h with the highest number of viable cells up to 1.0×10⁸ CCU/mL and 7.7×10⁷ CFU/mL,and the decline phase started at 75 h.The protein concentration of M.bovis increased rapidly from 15 to 35 h,reached 72.06 μg/mL at 35 h,then maintained at 58.38 to 70.65 μg/mL.The nucleic acid levels of M.bovis increased rapidly from 15 h,and the cycle threshold (Ct) values were maintained between 15.32 to 17.84 after 25 h.These results indicated that there was a good correlation between the protein concentration and viable count of M.bovis at the early stationary phase,which was the best time period to harvest antigen.The protein concentration determination could be an alternative method to quantify antigen contents of M.bovis when preparing inactivated M.bovis vaccine.     

Preparation and Identification of the Monoclonal Antibodies against VspX Protein in Mycoplasma bovis strain HB0801

To obtain the monoclonal antibody (McAb) against VspX protein of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis),VspX gene was amplified, expressed and purified. Then, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously three times with the purified recombinant VspX (rVspX) mixed with QuickAntibody-Mouse 5W adjuvant. Three days after the last injection, spleen cells were collected aseptically, and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol. By the clone selection, five stable hybridomas against VspX protein were obtained, separately named as 1A8, 3A3, 3C12, 3H9 and 4D11. Antibody titers in cell supernatant were from 1:1×10⁴ to 1:2×10⁵, while from 1:1×10⁵ to 1:8×10⁵ in ascites of mice by indirect ELISA. The subtypes were determined to be IgG1 and IgG2b class, and all light chains were κ chain. The affinity constant of McAb 3H9 and 4D11 were 6.3×10⁹ and 7.8×10⁹, respectively, and they belonged to high-affinity antibodies. Western blotting results showed that all of five McAbs could specifically react with M.bovis, however, McAb 4D11 could not react with Mycoplasma arginini PG2 and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. PG3. Flow cytometry showed that McAb 4D11 reacted with surface VspX of M. bovis in a dose-dependent manner. Indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that 4D11 McAb was able to detect rVspX protein binding to embryonic bovine lung cells. In the present study, McAbs against rVspX protein had been successfully prepared, which provided a basis for future researches about the function of VspX protein and the pathogenesis of M. bovis.     

牛支原体HB0801株VspX蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为获得牛支原体（Mycoplasma bovis,M.bovis）VspX蛋白单克隆抗体,将编码该蛋白的基因克隆、表达并纯化,作为免疫原,以QuickAntibody-Mouse 5W为免疫佐剂,免疫BALB/c小鼠。经3次免疫后,将小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经3次亚克隆筛选后,共获得5株能稳定分泌抗VspX蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1A8、3A3、3C12、3H9及4D11。亚型鉴定表明,3C12重链为IgG2b,其余4株为IgG1,轻链均为κ链。间接ELISA结果表明,5株细胞培养上清的抗体效价在1：1×10⁴~1：2×10⁵,腹水效价在1：1×10⁵~1：8×10⁵。选其中两株杂交瘤细胞株3H9和4D11的腹水纯化,进行亲和力测定,解离常数分别为6.3×10⁹和7.8×10⁹,属高亲和力抗体。Western blotting结果显示,5株单抗均能与牛支原体发生特异性反应,而单抗4D11与羊无乳支原体标准株PG2和丝状支原体丝状亚种标准株PG3均不反应。流式细胞术结果表明,单抗4D11与牛支原体表面的VspX的结合呈剂量依赖性。间接免疫荧光结果表明,单抗4D11可以识别黏附到胚胎牛肺细胞上的重组VspX蛋白。本试验成功制备的单克隆抗体为VspX蛋白功能的研究奠定基础。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1株的安全性试验

为评估1株产纤维素酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1株的安全性,本试验对其进行了急性毒性、慢性毒性、细菌易位、代谢产物及药敏等安全性试验。急性毒性试验分为高剂量组（1.30×10¹⁰ CFU/mL）、中剂量组（0.90×10¹⁰ CFU/mL）、低剂量组（0.65×10¹⁰ CFU/mL）和生理盐水对照组,一次性灌服后观察14 d,处死存活小鼠,剖检。慢性毒性试验分为高剂量组（0.65×10¹⁰ CFU/mL）、中剂量组（0.65×10⁹ CFU/mL）、低剂量组（0.65×10⁸ CFU/mL）和生理盐水对照组,各组灌服1次/d,连续灌服30 d。结果表明,急性毒性试验小鼠的精神、食欲、行为、粪便等均未见异常,试验鼠全部存活,剖检未见病理变化;慢性毒性试验小鼠均无异常临床变化,剖检小鼠也未见病变,高、中、低剂量组及对照组间小鼠增重、饲料利用率、血液学指标、血液生化指标及脏器系数均差异不显著（P>0.05）;解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1菌株在小鼠体内未发生易位,氨基脱羧酶、吲哚试验均为阴性,在测定的24种常用药物中,除林可霉素耐药外,菌株对其余23种药物均敏感。试验证实,解淀粉芽孢杆菌SSY1株的安全性良好。     

Evaluation of Safety of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1

In order to determine the safety of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1, we carried out the acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, bacterial translocation, product of metabolism and drug susceptibility test. Acute toxicity test in high dose groups (1.30×10¹⁰ CFU/mL), middle dose group(0.90×10¹⁰ CFU/mL), low dose group (0.65×10¹⁰ CFU/mL) and normal saline control group. After the acute toxicity test, the mice were sacrificed 14 days after the observation. Chronic toxicity test of each group was administered once a day for 30 d, chronic toxicity test in high dose groups (0.65×10¹⁰ CFU/mL), middle dose group (0.65×10⁹ CFU/mL), low dose group (0.65×10⁸ CFU/mL) and normal saline control group. The results showed that all mice were without exception phenomenon, the spirit, appetite, behavior and feces and so on, no pathological changes were found on the acute toxicity test. Chronic toxicity test of the mice were no abnormal clinical changes, and there were no pathological changes. Body weight and feed utilization rate of mice, hematology, blood biochemistry indexes and viscera coefficient difference were not significant (P>0.05);Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1 strain did not occur translocation in mice, amino acid decarboxylase and indole test were negative, among the 24 kinds of commonly used drugs, the strains were sensitive to 23 kinds of drugs except the cillimycin. This experiment proved that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SSY1 had good security.     

牛副流感病毒3型3种基因型多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测牛副流感病毒3型（bovine parainfluenza virus type 3,BPIV3）3种基因型的多重RT-PCR方法,根据GenBank上发表的BPIV3 3种基因型病毒株的HN基因序列设计特异性引物,优化反应体系建立多重RT-PCR方法。结果显示,方法可同时扩增出BPIV3 A型150 bp、B型253 bp和C型342 bp的特异性片段,与牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒（BRSV）、牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）、小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）、牛支原体、牛布鲁氏菌、羊布鲁氏菌、牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌A型和B型均无交叉反应,A、B、C基因型BPIV3最低阳性质粒检测量分别为0.89×10⁴、0.92×10⁴和1.53×10⁴拷贝/μL。本试验建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法操作方便、特异性强,应用于临床样本的检测,可快速检测BPIV3 3种基因型。     

Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Supplementation on Inhibition of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Kunming Mice

This study was aimed to explore the effect,dose of Lactobacillus reuteri on inhibition of pathogenic Escherichia coli infection on Kunming mice as well as its potential mechanism. 96 Kunming mice were randomly allocated into four groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate,which were control group,low dose group,middle dose group and high dose group. All of the mice feed commercial basal feedstuff,meanwhile the mice in control group drank tap-water,three treatments were supplemented with 1.0×10⁶,1.0×10⁷ and 1.0×10⁸ CFU/mL Lactobacillus reuteri in water. The feeding period was 28 days. All the mice were weighted, and the ADFI,ADG and F/G were calculated at the end of experiment.At the day of 28,pathogenic Escherichia coli (4.98×10⁹ CFU/mL) were irrigated to study the mortality. The indexes of intestinotoxin and antioxidation in serum and cecal microbacteria were inspected.The results indicated that supplemented with middle dose of Lactobacillus reuteri could significantly improve the final body weight,ADG compared with the control (P<0.05). The mortality, serum intestinotoxin level and MDA concentration,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05),while the T-SOD,T-AOC,GSH-Px,Lacobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly improved (P<0.05).In conclusion,with Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation,the growth performance was improved and antioxidant capacity and cecal microbacteria were enhanced after pathogenic Escherichia coli infected, mouse mortality caused by the pathogenic Escherichia coli was effectively reduced,and the effect of 1.0×10⁷ CFU/mL Lactobacillus reuteri was the best.