锌、NAC对镉染毒巨噬细胞的保护作用

探讨镉(Cd)对家禽巨噬细胞的毒性损伤和免疫功能的影响,以及锌、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对Cd染毒巨噬细胞的保护作用。试验建立Cd²⁺(20,50μmol/L)染毒HD-11细胞模型,研究不同时间段(6,12 h)Cd对HD-11细胞毒性损伤,并通过向细胞培养基中补充Zn²⁺(20μmol/L)、NAC(500μmol/L)的方式,探讨Zn²⁺和NAC对Cd染毒巨噬细胞细胞骨架、细胞凋亡、ROS产生、线粒体膜电位(MMP)水平及免疫功能的影响。通过检测细胞金属元素结合原件(MTF-1)、金属硫蛋白(MT-1)基因转录水平,揭示Zn²⁺和NAC对Cd染毒巨噬细胞的调控机理。结果显示,Cd染毒造成HD-11细胞骨架蛋白降解、ROS产生、MMP水平下降、细胞凋亡增加以及IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10基因表达量降低。Zn²⁺、NAC添加能不同程度地降低Cd染毒巨噬细胞结构损伤,减少ROS产生和MMP去极化水平,增强细胞抗氧化能力和免疫功能,促进MTF-1和MT-1基因表达。结果表明...     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对犬细小病毒诱导的MDCK细胞凋亡及活性氧的影响

为探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(25μg/mL)对犬细小病毒侵染MDCK细胞的保护作用,采用噻唑兰比色法来检测NAC对染毒MDCK细胞增殖率的影响,流式细胞术检测NAC对染毒MDCK细胞凋亡率及活性氧ROS水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,染毒组细胞增殖显著下降(P0.05),而NAC组细胞增殖显著高于攻毒组(P0.05);染毒组细胞凋亡率显著上升,胞内ROS水平显著升高(P0.05),呈时间-效应关系,但NAC组明显减轻上述情况。NAC可通过降低ROS的产生从而改善染毒的MDCK细胞凋亡,对细胞起到保护作用。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸预处理对热应激IPEC-J2细胞氧化损伤和内质网应激的影响

本试验旨在研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对热应激诱导的猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2抗氧化能力、内质网应激通路蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的影响。采用单因子试验设计,试验分3组,分别为对照组（CON,37℃）、热应激组（HS,43℃）和NAC加热应激组（NAC+HS,43℃）。其中NAC+HS组细胞在NAC(0.5 mmol/L)预处理12 h后,进行热应激处理4 h,测定细胞氧化损伤情况、活性氧自由基（ROS）含量、抗氧化酶的活性、线粒体膜电位变化、细胞内质网应激和凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果表明：与CON组相比,热应激导致细胞中ROS和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD1）、锰超氧化物歧化酶（SOD2）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的表达量提高（P<0.05）;与HS组相比,添加NAC降低了氧化损伤和抗氧化酶（SOD2、CAT）的表达（P<0.05）。与CON组相比,热应激增加热休克蛋白A5(HSPA5)、磷酸化真核细胞翻译启始因子2α(p-eif2α)、转录激活因子4(ATF4)、C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）蛋白表达量（P<0.01）;添加NAC降低HSPA5、...     

t-BHP诱导猪卵泡氧化损伤模型的建立

本研究旨在构建猪有腔卵泡体外氧化应激模型,为延缓母猪的卵巢功能衰退和提高繁殖利用年限提供参考。本研究分别采用100μmol/L（低浓度组）、200μmol/L（中浓度组）、400μmol/L（高浓度组）的叔丁基过氧化氢（Tertiary-butylhydroperoxide,t-BHP）作为诱导剂处理猪卵泡6 h,通过CCK-8检测卵泡颗粒细胞（GCs）活力。筛选出200μmol/L（中浓度组）t-BHP作为后续处理浓度,用其刺激卵泡1、2、6、12 h。用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率、ELISA检测活性氧（Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS）水平以及用Western blot分析检测线粒体凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果显示：GCs活力呈现浓度依赖性下降,半数抑制浓度（IC50）为289.7μmol/L;t-BHP诱导的氧化应激可导致GCs凋亡率明显升高（P<0.01）,卵泡内ROS在处理6 h后增加（P<0.01）,Bcl-2蛋白水平降低（P<0.05）,Bax、Caspase 9蛋白水平上升（P<0.05）,细胞色素C(Cytochrome C,C...     

镉致大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞凋亡的机理及N-乙酰半胱氨酸的保护作用

对神经细胞用不同浓度(0、5、10、20 μmol/L)醋酸镉染毒和N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)(100μmol/L)进行保护,通过流式细胞仪检测了细胞凋亡率、[Ca2+]i和活性氧(ROS)水平.结果表明,与对照组相比,各染毒组细胞凋亡率、细胞内[Ca2+]i和ROS水平明显升高,呈剂量-效应关系,除5 μmol/L组ROS水平外,均差异极显著(P<0.01).添加NAC组与相应染毒组比较,神经细胞凋亡率有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);10、20μmol/L组细胞内[Ca2+]i和ROS水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01).表明镉可诱导神经细胞凋亡,其机理可能与细胞内Ca2+和ROS水平升高有关,NAC对其有一定的保护作用.     

N-乙酰-半胱氨酸对炎症反应中BV-2细胞的保护作用

为了明确N-乙酰-半胱氨酸(NAC)在LPS诱导的BV-2细胞炎症反应中的保护作用,本研究利用流式细胞术检测细胞活性氧(ROS)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~(·-))和线粒体超氧化物(MitoSOX)水平;ELISA和实时荧光定量PCR法检测IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达;脂质氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒检测细胞MDA含量;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平。通过对细胞氧化应激、促炎因子表达、脂质损伤和细胞凋亡的检测,探讨NAC对BV-2细胞炎症反应的保护作用。结果显示,LPS可以使BV-2细胞总ROS、O_2~(·-)和MitoSOX的表达显著上升,加入NAC后ROS、O_2~(·-)和MitoSOX的水平又显著下降。LPS可使BV-2细胞IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达量显著升高,加入NAC后IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的表达量显著下降(P0.05)。LPS处理4 h后细胞MDA含量显著增加(P0.05),细胞凋亡水平升高,而加入NAC后MDA含量及细胞凋亡水平显著下降。结果表明,NAC可以抑制LPS引起的BV-2细胞氧化应激,使促炎因子表达减少,同时使BV-2细胞脂质损伤减弱和细胞凋亡水平下降,NAC可对细胞炎症反应中BV-2细胞起到很好的保护作用。     

T-2毒素致猪肾细胞损伤及氧化应激相关机理的研究

试验旨在研究T-2毒素对猪肾细胞(PK15)的毒性作用及其氧化应激反应。用不同浓度的T-2毒素处理细胞,通过MTT法检测细胞活性、测定细胞内乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率及苏木素伊红(HE)染色观察细胞形态变化评估T-2毒素对细胞的毒性作用;通过检测细胞内的活性氧(ROS)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性,评估不同剂量T-2毒素对细胞氧化应激水平的影响;检测Nrf2-ARE信号通路相关基因Nrf2、Keap1、GPx-1、Nqo1及Hmox1 mRNA的表达水平,分析T-2毒素对该信号通路的影响。结果表明,PK15细胞活性呈毒素剂量依赖性下降(P<0.05),LDH释放率呈毒素剂量依赖性上调(P<0.05);随T-2毒素剂量升高,细胞间隙逐渐增加,细胞固缩,细胞数量也随之减少。细胞内ROS阳性细胞率呈剂量依赖性升高,且T-2毒素为100 nmol/L时,ROS阳性细胞率显著高于其他剂量组(P<0.05);细胞内MDA含量与GPx活性呈毒素剂量依赖性升高(P<0.05),而GSH含量呈毒素剂量依赖性下降(P<0.05)。20、50及100 nmol/L的T-2毒素可显著上调Keap1、Gpx-1及Nqo1基因mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05),且50 nmol/L的相对表达量最高。T-2毒素对K15细胞有毒性作用,可诱导其氧化损伤,且该氧化应激过程受Nrf2-AER信号通路调控。     

钩吻素子对H_2O_2诱导的IPEC-J2细胞氧化应激和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨钩吻素子(koumine)对H_2O_2诱导的猪肠道上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:通过MTT法检测koumine对IPEC-J2细胞增殖的影响,并用H_2O_2诱导IPEC-J2细胞建立细胞损伤模型,通过MTT和LDH比色法检测分析koumine保护IPEC-J2细胞免受H_2O_2损伤的效果;生化方法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;蛋白免疫印迹(western blot)技术检测凋亡相关蛋白bax和bcl-2的表达情况;用流式细胞仪检测氧自由基(ROS)释放量和细胞凋亡率。结果:检测浓度范围内koumine对IPEC-J2细胞没有毒性;koumine可以通过调控IPEC-J2细胞中SOD活性、LDH漏出率、MDA水平和ROS的产生,保护H_2O_2对IPEC-J2细胞的氧化损伤,抑制H_2O_2引起的IPEC-J2细胞凋亡;koumine在抑制H_2O_2引起的细胞凋亡过程中,减少了促凋亡蛋白Bax表达,增加了抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达,使得Bax/Bcl-2的比值在药物作用时随剂量的增加逐渐降低。结论:koumine能够保护IPEC-J2细胞对抗H_2O_2诱导的氧化损伤,具有一定的时间和剂量依赖关系,其作用机制与抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

活性氧参与脂多糖诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7活化诱导凋亡

研究活性氧(ROS)与脂多糖(LPS)诱导后巨噬细胞活化诱导凋亡的关系。体外培养小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,采用不同浓度LPS诱导细胞,添加100μmol/L H2O2增加细胞内ROS,或用姜黄素(7.5μmol/L)降低细胞内ROS;流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡、线粒体膜电位(MMP)和ROS。结果显示,RAW264.7细胞凋亡和细胞内ROS水平均随LPS浓度增加而增加,高浓度的LPS导致MMP下降;与LPS(8μg/m L)单独作用组比,H2O2增加ROS,并导致凋亡细胞百分率增加;姜黄素降低LPS诱导的细胞凋亡,同时减少细胞内ROS。表明活性氧参与LPS诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7活化诱导凋亡。     

PARP-1蛋白在镉致NRK-52E细胞凋亡中的作用研究

为了探究PARP-1蛋白在镉(Cd)致大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)凋亡中的作用。本研究用RTCA技术检测Cd对细胞增殖的影响,用Western Blot方法检测细胞中PARP-1与AIF蛋白的表达情况,用流式细胞术或免疫荧光的方法检测Cd与NAC或DPQ共孵育对细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位以及活性氧的影响。结果显示,Cd影响了细胞的增殖并上调PARP-1蛋白的表达和活性氧(ROS)的生成,抑制PARP-1的活性后细胞凋亡率下降并且线粒体膜电位与细胞内ROS的含量都恢复到相对正常水平;添加NAC处理后减弱了Cd对细胞增殖的抑制作用同时降低了细胞凋亡率。结果表明,PARP-1蛋白和氧化应激在Cd致NRK-52E细胞凋亡中发挥了重要作用。     

Mitoxantrone Induced Apoptosis through ROS in Rat Hepatama RH35 Cell Line

The assay was aimed to study the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of mitoxantrone (MTN) in rat hepatama cell line RH35. MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of MTN, and microscope was used to observe cellular morphologic changes. Apoptotic ratio and intracellular ROS generation were measured by flow cytometric analysis. The protein expression was examined by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that MTN inhibited RH35 cell growth in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The morphologic changes were observed in the cells, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies when treated with 15 μmol/L MTN for 24 and 48 h. And MTN also induced the increase of apoptotic ratio and generation of ROS in a time dependent manner. In addition, the intracellular ROS generation ratio and the apoptotic ratio of MTN treated group were extremely decreased by the ROS scavenger NAC (P<0.01). The pretreatment of RH35 cells with 15 mmol/L NAC thoroughly reversed the MTN-induced enhancement of caspase-3, Bax and CytC level and attenuation of Bcl-2 level. In conclusion, MTN induced apoptosis in RH35 cells through increasing the generation of ROS.     

镉对体外培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的毒性损伤及乙酰半胱氨酸的保护效应

在建立肾小管上皮细胞体外培养模型的基础上,通过在培养液中添加不同浓度的醋酸镉和乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC),用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、细胞内活性氧与线粒体膜电位,探讨了镉对体外培养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的毒性损伤及NAC的保护效应。结果显示,作用12 h,各染毒组与对照组相比,细胞存活率和线粒体膜电位显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),细胞凋亡率、坏死率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率和细胞内活性氧含量均显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),呈剂量-效应关系;而NAC保护组与染毒组相比,细胞存活率和细胞凋亡率均有显著差异(P0.05),细胞坏死率无明显差异(P0.05)。结果表明,本试验所选择的镉浓度引起的肾小管上皮细胞死亡是以凋亡为主,氧化应激直接参与镉对肾小管上皮细胞的毒性损伤,NAC对肾小管上皮细胞凋亡有一定的保护效应。     

Gossypol acetic acid induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway

To investigate the effects of gossypol acetic acid (GA) on proliferation and apoptosis of the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and further understand the possible underlying mechanism responsible for GA-induced cell apoptosis, RAW264.7 cells were treated with GA (25~35 µmol/L) for 24 h and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay, while apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m) with Rhodamine 123 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DCFH-DA were analyzed by fluorescence spectrofluorometry. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was assessed by Western Blot assay. Finally, the GA-induced cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry in the present of caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK and Ac-LEHD-FMK, respectively. GA significantly inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and caused obvious cell apoptosis and a loss of ΔΨ_m in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the ROS production in cells was elevated, and the levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 were up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, GA-induced cell apoptosis was markedly inhibited by caspase inhibitors. These results suggest that GA-induced RAW264.7 cell apoptosis may be mediated via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway.     

土槿皮乙酸B增加活性氧水平诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡和衰老的研究

本研究旨在研究土槿皮乙酸B(PAB)诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡和衰老与活性氧的关系。在相差显微镜下观察4 μmol/L PAB在36 h诱导细胞凋亡小体的出现;LDH方法显示PAB时间依赖性的增加凋亡比率;SA-β-半乳糖苷酶显示4 μmol/L PAB作用3 d后,去药再作用5 d,96%的细胞蓝染,细胞变大且扁平;流式细胞仪检测用DCFH-DA染色后4 μmol/L PAB 时间依赖性增加细胞内活性氧水平。所以4 μmol/L PAB通过增加细胞内活性氧水平促进细胞凋亡和衰老。     

N-acetylcysteine protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known hepatotoxic environmental pollutant. We used rat hepatocytes as a model to study oxidative damage induced by Cd, effects on the antioxidant systems, and the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in protecting cells against Cd toxicity. Hepatocytes were incubated for 12 and 24 h with Cd (2.5, 5, 10 µM). Results showed that Cd can induce cytotoxicity: 10 µM resulted in 36.2% mortality after 12 h and 47.8% after 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities increased. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation increased in Cd-treated hepatocytes along with malondialdehyde levels. Glutathione concentrations significantly decreased after treatment with Cd for 12 h but increased after 24 h of Cd exposure. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity significantly increased after treatment with Cd for 12 h but decreased after 24 h. superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased at 12 h and 24 h. glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities decreased, but not significantly. Rat hepatocytes incubated with NAC and Cd simultaneously had significantly increased viability and decreased Cd-induced ROS generation. Our results suggested that Cd induces ROS generation that leads to oxidative stress. Moreover, NAC protects rat hepatocytes from cytotoxicity associated with Cd.     

Effects of aflatoxin B1 on mitochondrial respiration,ROS generation and apoptosis in broiler cardiomyocytes

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) develops various toxic effects in the liver by impairing mitochondrial function, inducing cell apoptosis. However, little is focused on its toxicity to broiler cardiomyocytes (BCMs). Here, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) location, apoptosis induced by AFB1, and antioxidative genes were investigated in BCMs. It was found that AFB1 evoked intracellular ROS generation, and induced apoptosis in BCMs. AFB1 treatment resulted in increased percentage of apoptotic cells, increased location range of cTnT in cytoplasm, upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downregulated mRNA expressions of Mn‐superoxide dismutase in BCMs. These findings suggested AFB1 treatment caused significant cardiomyocyte damage and cardiotoxicity, impairment of mitochondrial functions, activated ROS generation, and induced apoptosis, and probably was involved in the Nrf2 signal pathway in BCMs.     

YAP对梅花鹿鹿茸间充质细胞增殖与分化的影响

以梅花鹿为研究对象,通过流式细胞术、荧光定量PCR等方法,探讨YAP(Yes-associated protein,即Yes相关蛋白)对鹿茸间充质细胞增殖与分化的影响。分离培养鹿茸间充质细胞,添加一定浓度的YAP抑制剂Verteporfin后,通过流式细胞术检测发现,细胞的增殖活性被显著抑制,G0/G1期细胞百分比增加,S期细胞百分比降低。同时,Verteporfin可降低CCND1、CCND2、CCND3、CCNE1、CDK2、CDK4和CDK6在鹿茸间充质细胞中的表达。Verteporfin处理12,24,36,48,72 h后,软骨细胞标志性分子COLⅡ、SOX9和AGC的表达显著增强。进一步研究了YAP对间充质细胞中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的影响,结果显示Verteporfin可增加间充质细胞中ROS含量,促使细胞中超氧阴离子(O2-)和线粒体ROS(mtROS)含量升高。为了探究YAP是否通过ROS来影响鹿茸间充质细胞的分化,细胞经Verteporfin处理2 h后再添加抗氧化剂GSH和NAC处理24 h,结果显示GSH和NAC可显著减低Verteporfin对COLⅡ、SOX9和AGC mRNA的诱导效应。结果表明,YAP在鹿茸间充质细胞的增殖与分化过程中起重要作用。     

乐果引起大鼠肝细胞凋亡的机理

通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入乐果(0、3、10、30、100、300μmol/L),染毒122、4 h后,Annexin V/PI双染法检测肝细胞凋亡率;分别用Fluo-2/AM、双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)和罗丹名123检测细胞内Ca2+浓度、活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)变化,并在扫描电镜和荧光显微镜下观察凋亡细胞情况,探讨乐果对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示,肝细胞染毒12、24 h后,出现了明显的细胞凋亡的形态学变化,细胞凋亡率明显升高,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),且呈时间-剂量效应。3μmol/L组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著高于对照组(P0.01),之后随染毒剂量的增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度逐渐下降;细胞内ROS水平在3~100μmol/L随染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长而升高,而在300μmol/L组略有下降,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比均差异极显著(P0.01);Δψm除24 h 300μmol/L组外均出现持续下降。结果表明,低剂量乐果染毒可诱导肝细胞发生凋亡,细胞内Ca2+、ROS和Δψm可能参与了这一过程。     

Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H₂O₂ in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H₂O₂ significantly attenuated the H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H₂O₂-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.