我国园艺业优势明显扩大出口势在必行

2000年11月6～7日,农业部种植业管理司与全国农业技术推广服务中心、中国园艺学会联合在北京召开了园艺产品走向世界研讨会。来自科研院所、大专院校的园艺产品科研及贸易方面的专家,大型园艺产品加工出口企业的经理,国家对外经济贸易部、国家开发银行及我部有关单位的负责人,共40多人参加了会议。部党组成员、种植业管理司司长崔世安、种植业管理司副司     

水果,蔬菜及鲜花的储存体系

编者按：澳大利亚是水果、蔬菜、花卉等园艺产品研究和商品化处理技术水平较高的发达国家。应国内果品产销行业许多读者要求，现将澳大利亚农业部与市场托拉斯共同组织，有澳农业部果蔬领域专家、高级经销商等果蔬产研销权威人士发表的文章编译刊登，以供国内果蔬、花卉业人士学习借鉴。一、概述园艺产品的采后贮藏主要目的有三个：①减慢新陈代谢，如呼吸作用。②减少水分丧失。③阻止真菌、细菌等微生物的生长。④对某些产品，如洋葱、地瓜等的伤口处理治疗工作。对伤口的处理工作应在室温或高于室温的温度下进行，然后再长期低温贮存。本…     

柑橘果品营养学研究现状

 系统介绍了柑橘果实营养和生物活性物质的种类、含量与分布,总结了柑橘果实主要营养和生物活性物质的代谢与遗传和环境调控的研究现状,综合报道了目前柑橘果实营养和生物活性物质利用情况,建议了柑橘果品营养学未来的研究方向或重要的研究领域,旨在为优质、高效、营养、健康的柑橘果品生产与科学利用提供信息。     

温度对园艺产品贮藏品质的影响

温度是影响园艺产品贮藏质量的关键因素之一,它会从水分蒸腾、呼吸作用、营养物质含量等方面影响园艺产品的品质。该文总结了果蔬产品在采前、采时、采后不同阶段温度对其贮藏品质的影响,并介绍了几种常见的果蔬贮藏方法及部分园艺产品适宜的贮藏温度。     

巴基斯坦努力提高园艺产品出口率

巴基斯坦园艺产品出口潜力大。园艺产品出口增加，也将会提供大量的就业机会，尤其是为农村提供大量的就业机会。据官方数据显示，巴基斯坦园艺产品出口额占该国国内生产总值的12％。目前制约巴基斯坦园艺产品出口的主要因素包括缺乏适当的采后处理技术和运输设施。巴基斯坦年产果蔬1367万t，其中约12％的果蔬被浪费掉，仅4％的果蔬出口，且出口价格低于世界平均出口价格的41％。     

果菜花卉采后处理的基本原则

编者按〕澳大利亚是水果、蔬菜、花卉等园艺产品研究和商品化处理技术水平较高的发达国家。应国内果品产销行业许多读者要求，现将澳大利亚农业部与市场托拉斯共同组织，有澳农业部果蔬领域专家、高级经销商等果蔬产研销权威人士发表的文章编译刊登，以供国内果蔬、花卉业...     

柑橘果实生物活性物质与糖尿病防治研究进展

柑橘果实含丰富的营养和生物活性物质,具有重要的营养、医药和保健价值.现有报道表明,柑橘果实的类黄酮、香豆素类、单萜类、果胶等生物活性物质均有防治糖尿病的功效.系统地回顾了近年来柑橘果实生物活性物质与糖尿病防治的有关研究报道,总结了有关物质防治糖尿病的机理及取得的进展,旨在为进一步开发利用我国丰富的柑橘资源提供新信息.     

柠檬形克勒克酵母用于草莓果实防病保鲜的研究

目前,可作为果蔬采后病害拮抗菌的微生物有细菌、霉菌和酵母菌等。其中酵母菌作为生物防治拮抗菌的最大优点:它能在较干燥的果蔬表面生存,能迅速利用营养进行繁殖,且受杀虫剂的影响小;不产生抗菌素,可以避免病菌对抗菌素产生抗性而降低生物防治的抑病效果。这些优点使得酵母菌成为目前生物防治研究的热点。拮抗酵母菌主要通过与病菌竞争营养和空间,诱导寄主产生抗性和重寄生等作用来对病原菌进行抑制。草莓     

菠菜的营养价值与功能评价

菠菜是一种世界性蔬菜作物,它的营养丰富,深受消费者喜爱。近年来除了对菠菜的营养价值进行研究外,还对菠菜的植物营养功能进行了研究,但尚鲜见对菠菜的营养价值进行全面的分析与评价,文章综述了菠菜的有关营养的相关研究成果,从菠菜的基本营养、热量、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸、脂类、膳食纤维以及生物活性物质等方面对菠菜的营养价值进行评价与功能分析,同时对如何降低菠菜中的抗营养物质草酸含量,提出了菠菜科学食用的对策。     

《中国石榴研究进展(一)》

<正>《中国石榴研究进展(一)》由中国园艺学会石榴分会主编,中国农业出版社出版。该书主要由中国园艺学会和国内有关单位的科研人员、专家学者编著。全书共分为四篇,分别为科研与生产动态、试验与研究,栽培与贮藏加工,产业与文化。分别介绍了石榴     

Historical variation in the mineral composition of edible horticultural products

Summary

Historical variation in the mineral composition of edible horticultural products was determined from UK and USA food survey data. From these data, it was possible to measure the variation in the mineral composition of edible horticultural products in general, and in edible horticultural products grouped as vegetables, fruits or nuts, in the 1930s and in the 1980s (or later) for both countries. Thus, the hypothesis that the mineral composition of edible horticultural products had altered since the 1930s was tested. The average concentrations of Cu, Mg and Na in the dry matter of vegetables, and the average concentrations of Cu, Fe and K in fruits decreased significantly between the 1930s and the 1980s in the UK. The same hypothesis was tested with comparable data from the USA, whose historical horticultural and consumer practices have paralleled those of the UK. Data from the USA showed that the average Ca, Cu and Fe concentrations in the dry matter of vegetables, and the average concentrations of Cu, Fe and K in fruits had decreased significantly since the 1930s. There were insufficient data to determine if the mineral composition of any single edible horticultural species had altered significantly over time either in the UK or in the USA. The nutritional implications of this study are discussed. Since horticultural products in general, and fruits and nuts in particular, are relatively small contributors of minerals to the average UK diet, historical changes in mineral composition are unlikely to be significant in overall dietary terms.     

NO延缓园艺产品成熟和衰老的生理效应研究进展

从一氧化氮（NO）处理对园艺作物果实采后品质、乙烯合成、呼吸作用和褐变冷害四个方面的影响,结合作者的研究工作, 概述了NO延缓园艺产品成熟衰老、延长贮藏和货架期效果的研究进展,讨论并展望了NO抑制果实衰老的生理基础和应用前景。     

Horticultural science-a century of discovery and application

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (JHSB) celebrates, in 2019, a century of continuously publishing peer-review, research-based articles and reviews. Since 1919 scientific discoveries and their application through subsequently-evolved industrial technologies have formed the basis for enormous advances and changes in the production of fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. New industries have been founded and expanded. Science has brought greater precision, predictability and reliability into horticultural crop production, raising the quality and range of products Market forces themselves have imposed vast change in the manner by which horticultural products are produced. Horticultural industries have coped with and thrived on these changes because of their swift and effective adoption of discoveries in horticultural science, which in turn has driven the need for more research in a cyclic process. This review follows, through a selection of articles published in JHSB, the evolution of aspects of horticultural science and identifies how change has influenced crops and their production. The history of change in horticultural science and the industries which it serves is contained within the articles selected. They demonstrate the successful manner in which JHSB has fulfilled the aspirations of its founders for a science-based journal which offers new ideas for industry.     

我国园艺作物核心种质研究进展

综述了我国园艺植物核心种质研究进展,针对目前园艺作物核心种质研究现状与问题,提出了今后园艺作物核心种质研究方向,即要加强对取样策略、分组原则等问题的研究,加速收集园艺作物种质资源的基础数据、特征数据、评价鉴定数据及分子检测数据,尽快建立一批我国原产的、重要的园艺作物的核心种质,以提高园艺作物种质资源利用效率,提升种质创新能力,从而推动我国园艺产业快速发展。     

Study on some morphological and physical attributes of walnut used in mass models

Physical properties of horticultural products are important in designing the sorting, transporting, processing and packaging systems. Among physical attributes, dimensions, weight, volume, projected areas and porosity are useful for designing grading systems. This study carried out on four superior walnut (Juglands regia) genotypes, which were selected from primary morphological screening of 608 genotypes in Neyriz city, Iran. G-570 with higher nut weight (12.46 g), kernel weight (8.25 g) and kernel ratio of 66.21% was a promising genotype among others. Regarding studied physical properties, G-570 was 44 mm in diameter significantly different from other genotype. In this research walnut mass was predicted by using different physical properties with linear and nonlinear models as three classifications (dimension, projected areas and volume). Results showed that the highest correlation was between models number three, two and one. Among grading system based on dimensions in walnut (first classification), minor diameter model with nonlinear relation was the best and could be considered as a good model for economical and horticultural designing systems.     

居室园艺植物室内适应性研究进展

中国在快速城市化进程中的城市环境问题日益突出,丰富多样的居室园艺植物有利于城市居民改善、优化居室内外环境.现对近年来居室园艺植物对室内光照、室内极端高、低温度适应性等方面研究所取得的成果进行了综述,旨在为我国开展居室园艺植物资源的应用与开发提供理论依据.     

福禄考属植物及其主要栽培种的园艺学研究进展

 简述了福禄考属植物的种质资源分布以及研究进展, 并对主要种———宿根福禄考的引种、育种、栽培以及繁殖方式等园艺学研究进展进行了归纳分析, 旨在推动以宿根福禄考为代表的宿根花卉在我国的研究与栽培应用。     

从科技创新看河南园艺产业的发展

以蔬菜、水果、花卉等为主体的园艺产业是农业经济中极具开放性、竞争性的产业.文章从河南省园艺产业科技创新的现状、存在的问题及对策等方面阐述在新形势下,利用科技创新来培植特色产品,形成品牌效应,增强竞争能力是目前亟待解决的问题.